fmt

[upd] pypi: Bump black from 25.9.0 to 26.5.1
Bumps [black](https://github.com/psf/black) from 25.9.0 to 26.5.1. - [Release notes](https://github.com/psf/black/releases) - [Changelog](https://github.com/psf/black/blob/main/CHANGES.md) - [Commits](https://github.com/psf/black/compare/25.9.0...26.5.1) --- updated-dependencies: - dependency-name: black dependency-version: 26.5.1 dependency-type: direct:development update-type: version-update:semver-major ... Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
2026-09-11 16:56:05 +00:00 · 2026-08-21 22:53:43 +02:00 · 2026-08-21 07:24:43 +00:00
221 changed files with 8286 additions and 30780 deletions
--- a/.github/workflows/container.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/container.yml
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ jobs:
          python-version: "${{ env.PYTHON_VERSION }}"

      - name: Setup QEMU
-        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@1f40c72289eff860ee54a304f1438e3cff362e0a  # v4.3.0
+        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@96fe6ef7f33517b61c61be40b68a1882f3264fb8  # v4.2.0

      - name: Checkout
        uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1  # v7.0.1
@@ -105,9 +105,8 @@ jobs:
            arch: amd64
          - runner: ubuntu-26.04-arm
            arch: arm64
-            #  FIXME: https://github.com/searxng/searxng/pull/6655#issuecomment-5550293085
-            # - runner: ubuntu-26.04-arm
-            #   arch: armv7
+          - runner: ubuntu-26.04-arm
+            arch: armv7

    steps:
      - name: Login to GHCR
@@ -118,7 +117,7 @@ jobs:
          password: "${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}"

      - name: Setup QEMU
-        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@1f40c72289eff860ee54a304f1438e3cff362e0a  # v4.3.0
+        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@96fe6ef7f33517b61c61be40b68a1882f3264fb8  # v4.2.0

      - name: Checkout
        uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1  # v7.0.1
--- a/.github/workflows/data-update.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/data-update.yml
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ jobs:
          - update_external_bangs.py
          - update_firefox_version.py
          - update_engine_traits.py
-          - update_wikidata.py
+          - update_wikidata_units.py
          - update_engine_descriptions.py

    permissions:
--- a/client/simple/generated/pygments.less
+++ b/client/simple/generated/pygments.less
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@

 /*
   this file is generated automatically by searxng_extra/update/update_pygments.py
-   using pygments version 2.21.0:
+   using pygments version 2.20.0:

       ./manage templates.simple.pygments
 */
@@ -114,14 +114,14 @@
    .gd { color: #FF4689 } /* Generic.Deleted */
    .ge { color: #F8F8F2; font-style: italic } /* Generic.Emph */
    .ges { color: #F8F8F2; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic } /* Generic.EmphStrong */
-    .gr { color: #FF4689 } /* Generic.Error */
+    .gr { color: #F8F8F2 } /* Generic.Error */
    .gh { color: #F8F8F2 } /* Generic.Heading */
    .gi { color: #A6E22E } /* Generic.Inserted */
    .go { color: #66D9EF } /* Generic.Output */
    .gp { color: #FF4689; font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Prompt */
    .gs { color: #F8F8F2; font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Strong */
    .gu { color: #959077 } /* Generic.Subheading */
-    .gt { color: #66D9EF } /* Generic.Traceback */
+    .gt { color: #F8F8F2 } /* Generic.Traceback */
    .kc { color: #66D9EF } /* Keyword.Constant */
    .kd { color: #66D9EF } /* Keyword.Declaration */
    .kn { color: #FF4689 } /* Keyword.Namespace */
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@
    .m { color: #AE81FF } /* Literal.Number */
    .s { color: #E6DB74 } /* Literal.String */
    .na { color: #A6E22E } /* Name.Attribute */
-    .nb { color: #A6E22E } /* Name.Builtin */
+    .nb { color: #F8F8F2 } /* Name.Builtin */
    .nc { color: #A6E22E } /* Name.Class */
    .no { color: #66D9EF } /* Name.Constant */
    .nd { color: #A6E22E } /* Name.Decorator */
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@
    .sr { color: #E6DB74 } /* Literal.String.Regex */
    .s1 { color: #E6DB74 } /* Literal.String.Single */
    .ss { color: #E6DB74 } /* Literal.String.Symbol */
-    .bp { color: #A6E22E } /* Name.Builtin.Pseudo */
+    .bp { color: #F8F8F2 } /* Name.Builtin.Pseudo */
    .fm { color: #A6E22E } /* Name.Function.Magic */
    .vc { color: #F8F8F2 } /* Name.Variable.Class */
    .vg { color: #F8F8F2 } /* Name.Variable.Global */
--- a/client/simple/package-lock.json
+++ b/client/simple/package-lock.json
--- a/client/simple/package.json
+++ b/client/simple/package.json
@@ -29,21 +29,21 @@
    "swiped-events": "1.2.0"
  },
  "devDependencies": {
-    "@biomejs/biome": "2.5.12",
-    "@types/node": "^26.5.0",
+    "@biomejs/biome": "2.5.7",
+    "@types/node": "^26.2.0",
    "browserslist": "^4.28.8",
    "browserslist-to-esbuild": "^2.1.1",
    "edge.js": "^6.5.1",
-    "less": "^4.9.0",
+    "less": "^4.8.1",
    "mathjs": "^15.2.0",
-    "sharp": "~0.35.4",
+    "sharp": "~0.35.3",
    "sort-package-json": "^4.0.0",
    "stylelint": "^17.14.1",
    "stylelint-config-standard-less": "^4.1.0",
    "stylelint-prettier": "^5.0.3",
-    "svgo": "^4.1.0",
+    "svgo": "^4.0.2",
    "typescript": "~7.0.2",
-    "vite": "^8.2.2",
+    "vite": "^8.2.1",
    "vite-bundle-analyzer": "^1.3.9"
  }
 }
--- a/docs/admin/settings/settings_engines.rst
+++ b/docs/admin/settings/settings_engines.rst
@@ -58,9 +58,10 @@ engine is shown.  Most of the options have a default value or even are optional.

     # overwrite values from section 'outgoing:'
     enable_http2: false
-     enable_http3: false
     retries: 1
     max_connections: 100
+     max_keepalive_connections: 10
+     keepalive_expiry: 5.0
     using_tor_proxy: false
     proxies:
       http:
@@ -162,16 +163,6 @@ engine is shown.  Most of the options have a default value or even are optional.
 ``enable_http`` : optional
  Enable HTTP for this engine (by default only HTTPS is enabled).

-``enable_http3`` : optional
-  Use HTTP/3 (falls back to HTTP/2).  Default ``false``.
-  Ignored when a proxy is set.
-
-  .. hint::
-
-     HTTP/3 places demands on the IP infrastructure that are not met in every
-     environment.  Enable this option only if you are aware of these requirements
-     and the extent to which they are met.
-
 ``retry_on_http_error`` : optional
  Retry request on some HTTP status code.

@@ -188,12 +179,20 @@ engine is shown.  Most of the options have a default value or even are optional.
  Using tor proxy (``true``) or not (``false``) for this engine.  The default is
  taken from ``using_tor_proxy`` of the :ref:`settings outgoing`.

-.. _Pool limit configuration: https://curl-cffi.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api.html#sessions
+.. _Pool limit configuration: https://www.python-httpx.org/advanced/#pool-limit-configuration
+
+``max_keepalive_connection#s`` :
+  `Pool limit configuration`_, overwrites value ``pool_maxsize`` from
+   :ref:`settings outgoing` for this engine.

 ``max_connections`` :
  `Pool limit configuration`_, overwrites value ``pool_connections`` from
  :ref:`settings outgoing` for this engine.

+``keepalive_expiry`` :
+  `Pool limit configuration`_, overwrites value ``keepalive_expiry`` from
+  :ref:`settings outgoing` for this engine.
+

 .. _private engines:

--- a/docs/admin/settings/settings_outgoing.rst
+++ b/docs/admin/settings/settings_outgoing.rst
@@ -12,12 +12,20 @@ Communication with search engines.
     request_timeout: 2.0       # default timeout in seconds, can be override by engine
     max_request_timeout: 10.0  # the maximum timeout in seconds
     useragent_suffix: ""       # information like an email address to the administrator
-     pool_connections: 100      # Maximum number of concurrent connections (default: 100)
-     enable_http2: true         # Enables the use of HTTP2
+     pool_connections: 100      # Maximum number of allowable connections, or null
+                                # for no limits. The default is 100.
+     pool_maxsize: 10           # Number of allowable keep-alive connections, or null
+                                # to always allow. The default is 10.
+     enable_http2: true         # See https://www.python-httpx.org/http2/
     # uncomment below section if you want to use a custom server certificate
+     # see https://www.python-httpx.org/advanced/#changing-the-verification-defaults
+     # and https://www.python-httpx.org/compatibility/#ssl-configuration
     #  verify: ~/.mitmproxy/mitmproxy-ca-cert.cer
     #
-     # uncomment below section if you want to use a proxy
+     # uncomment below section if you want to use a proxyq see: SOCKS proxies
+     #   https://2.python-requests.org/en/latest/user/advanced/#proxies
+     # are also supported: see
+     #   https://2.python-requests.org/en/latest/user/advanced/#socks
     #
     #  proxies:
     #    all://:
@@ -38,26 +46,30 @@ Communication with search engines.
  timeout to load).  Can be override by ``timeout`` in the :ref:`settings engines`.

 ``useragent_suffix`` :
-  Suffix to add when an engine's User-Agent is set via searxng_useragent().
-  Contact info here may be useful to avoid an engine blocking you.
+  Suffix to the user-agent SearXNG uses to send requests to others engines.  If an
+  engine wish to block you, a contact info here may be useful to avoid that.

-.. _Pool limit configuration: https://curl-cffi.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api.html#sessions
+.. _Pool limit configuration: https://www.python-httpx.org/advanced/#pool-limit-configuration
+
+``pool_maxsize``:
+  Number of allowable keep-alive connections, or ``null`` to always allow.  The
+  default is 10.  See ``max_keepalive_connections`` `Pool limit configuration`_.

 ``pool_connections`` :
-  Maximum number of concurrent connections.  The default is 100.
-  See ``max_clients`` `Pool limit configuration`_.
+  Maximum number of allowable connections, or ``null`` # for no limits.  The
+  default is 100.  See ``max_connections`` `Pool limit configuration`_.

-.. _curl_cffi proxies: https://curl-cffi.readthedocs.io/en/latest/quick_start.html
+``keepalive_expiry`` :
+  Number of seconds to keep a connection in the pool.  By default 5.0 seconds.
+  See ``keepalive_expiry`` `Pool limit configuration`_.
+
+.. _httpx proxies: https://www.python-httpx.org/advanced/#http-proxying

 ``proxies`` :
-  Define one or more proxies you wish to use, see `curl_cffi proxies`_.
+  Define one or more proxies you wish to use, see `httpx proxies`_.
  If there are more than one proxy for one protocol (http, https),
  requests to the engines are distributed in a round-robin fashion.

-  HTTP, HTTPS, SOCKS4, SOCKS5 and SOCKS5h proxies are supported
-  (``http://``, ``https://``, ``socks4://``, ``socks5://``, ``socks5h://``). You should
-  use ``socks5h://`` when using Tor so hostnames are resolved by the proxy.
-
 ``source_ips`` :
  If you use multiple network interfaces, define from which IP the requests must
  be made. Example:
@@ -75,15 +87,18 @@ Communication with search engines.
  different proxy and source ip.

 ``enable_http2`` :
-  Enable by default (HTTP/2).  Set to ``false`` to force HTTP/1.1.
-  HTTP/3 is opt-in per engine (``enable_http3``).
+  Enable by default. Set to ``false`` to disable HTTP/2.
+
+.. _httpx verification defaults: https://www.python-httpx.org/advanced/#changing-the-verification-defaults
+.. _httpx ssl configuration: https://www.python-httpx.org/compatibility/#ssl-configuration

 ``verify``: : ``$SSL_CERT_FILE``, ``$SSL_CERT_DIR``
-  HTTPS verification uses the OS's trust store by default.
-  Set a path to use a custom CA file.
+  Allow to specify a path to certificate.
+  see `httpx verification defaults`_.

  In addition to ``verify``, SearXNG supports the ``$SSL_CERT_FILE`` (for a file) and
  ``$SSL_CERT_DIR`` (for a directory) OpenSSL variables.
+  see `httpx ssl configuration`_.

 ``max_redirects`` :
  30 by default. Maximum redirect before it is an error.
--- a/docs/dev/engines/engine_overview.rst
+++ b/docs/dev/engines/engine_overview.rst
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ parameters with default value can be redefined for special purposes.
   data                   dict           ``{}``
   cookies                dict           ``{}``
   verify                 bool           ``True``
-   headers.User-Agent     str            ``''``
+   headers.User-Agent     str            a random User-Agent
   category               str            current category, like ``'general'``
   safesearch             int            ``0``, between ``0`` and ``2`` (normal, moderate, strict)
   time_range             Optional[str]  ``None``, can be ``day``, ``week``, ``month``, ``year``
@@ -229,8 +229,6 @@ following parameters can be used to specify a search request:
   max_redirects       int         maximum redirects, hard limit
   soft_max_redirects  int         maximum redirects, soft limit. Record an error but don't stop the engine
   raise_for_httperror bool        True by default: raise an exception if the HTTP code of response is >= 300
-   impersonate         str         curl_cffi impersonate target (default: chrome, none to disable)
-   curl_options        dict        Any extra libcurl options for the request
   =================== =========== ==========================================================================


--- a/docs/dev/engines/online/cara.rst
+++ b/docs/dev/engines/online/cara.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+.. _cara engine:
+
+===========
+Cara Images
+===========
+
+.. automodule:: searx.engines.cara
+   :members:
--- a/docs/dev/engines/online/europepmc.rst
+++ b/docs/dev/engines/online/europepmc.rst
@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-.. _europepmc engine:
-
-==========
-Europe PMC
-==========
-
-.. automodule:: searx.engines.europepmc
-   :members:
--- a/docs/dev/quickstart.rst
+++ b/docs/dev/quickstart.rst
@@ -80,8 +80,8 @@ same environment, here are a few examples::
    # to test one of the update scripts
    (dev.env)$ searxng_extra/update/update_engine_traits.py --help

-    # to test the update of the wikidata units and property names
-    (dev.env)$ searxng_extra/update/update_wikidata.py
+    # to test the update of the wikidata units
+    (dev.env)$ searxng_extra/update/update_wikidata_units.py


 .. sidebar:: further read
--- a/docs/dev/reST.rst
+++ b/docs/dev/reST.rst
@@ -286,7 +286,7 @@ content becomes smart.
   files & folders origin     :origin:`docs/dev/reST.rst`        ``:origin:`docs/dev/reST.rst```
   pull request               :pull:`4`                          ``:pull:`4```
   patch                      :patch:`af2cae6`                   ``:patch:`af2cae6```
-   PyPi package               :pypi:`curl_cffi`                  ``:pypi:`curl_cffi```
+   PyPi package               :pypi:`httpx`                      ``:pypi:`httpx```
   manual page man            :man:`bash`                        ``:man:`bash```
   intersphinx_
   --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--- a/docs/dev/searxng_extra/update.rst
+++ b/docs/dev/searxng_extra/update.rst
@@ -90,10 +90,10 @@ Scripts to update static data in :origin:`searx/data/`
  :members:


-``update_wikidata.py``
+``update_wikidata_units.py``
 ============================

-:origin:`[source] <searxng_extra/update/update_wikidata.py>`
+:origin:`[source] <searxng_extra/update/update_wikidata_units.py>`

-.. automodule:: searxng_extra.update.update_wikidata
+.. automodule:: searxng_extra.update.update_wikidata_units
  :members:
--- a/requirements-dev.txt
+++ b/requirements-dev.txt
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 mock==5.2.0
 nose2[coverage_plugin]==0.16.0
 cov-core==1.15.0
-black==25.9.0
-pylint==4.0.8
+black==26.5.1
+pylint==4.0.7
 splinter==0.21.0
-selenium==4.48.0
+selenium==4.47.0
 Sphinx==8.2.3;python_version <= "3.11"
 Sphinx==9.1.0; python_version > "3.11"
 sphinx-issues==6.0.0
@@ -23,6 +23,6 @@ coloredlogs==15.0.1
 docutils>=0.21.2;python_version <= "3.11"
 docutils>=0.22.4; python_version > "3.11"
 parameterized==0.9.0
-granian[reload]==2.8.2
-basedpyright==1.39.10
+granian[reload]==2.8.1
+basedpyright==1.39.9
 types-lxml==2026.2.16
--- a/requirements-server.txt
+++ b/requirements-server.txt
@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
-granian==2.8.2
-granian[pname]==2.8.2
+granian==2.8.1
+granian[pname]==2.8.1
--- a/requirements.txt
+++ b/requirements.txt
@@ -3,15 +3,17 @@ babel==2.18.0
 flask-babel==4.0.0
 flask==3.1.3
 jinja2==3.1.6
-lxml==6.1.2
-pygments==2.21.0
+lxml==6.1.1
+pygments==2.20.0
 python-dateutil==2.9.0.post0
 pyyaml==6.0.3
-curl_cffi==0.16.1
+httpx[http2]==0.28.1
+httpx-socks[asyncio]==0.13.1
+sniffio==1.3.1
 valkey==6.1.1
 markdown-it-py==4.2.0
 msgspec==0.21.1
-typer==0.27.2
+typer==0.27.1
 isodate==0.7.2
 whitenoise==6.12.0
 typing-extensions==4.16.0
--- a/searx/_settings.py
+++ b/searx/_settings.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
 """Implementation of the :py:obj:`preference <searx.preference>` settings."""
+
 # pylint: disable = too-few-public-methods

 import typing as t
--- a/searx/answerers/init.py
+++ b/searx/answerers/init.py
@@ -38,7 +38,6 @@ area:

 """

-
 __all__ = ["AnswererInfo", "Answerer", "AnswerStorage"]


--- a/searx/answerers/_core.py
+++ b/searx/answerers/_core.py
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ from dataclasses import dataclass
 from searx.utils import load_module
 from searx.result_types.answer import BaseAnswer

-
 _default = pathlib.Path(__file__).parent
 log: logging.Logger = logging.getLogger("searx.answerers")

--- a/searx/autocomplete.py
+++ b/searx/autocomplete.py
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ from urllib.parse import urlencode

 import lxml.etree
 import lxml.html
-from curl_cffi.requests.exceptions import RequestException
+from httpx import HTTPError

 from searx import settings
 from searx.engines import (
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ def bing(query: str, _sxng_locale: str) -> list[str]:
    base_url = "https://www.bing.com/AS/Suggestions?"
    # cvid has to be a 32 character long string consisting of numbers and uppsercase characters
    cvid = ''.join(random.choices(string.ascii_uppercase + string.digits, k=32))
-    response = get(base_url + urlencode({'qry': query, 'csr': 1, 'cvid': cvid}), enable_http3=True)
+    response = get(base_url + urlencode({'qry': query, 'csr': 1, 'cvid': cvid}))
    results: list[str] = []

    if response.ok:
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ def brave(query: str, _sxng_locale: str) -> list[str]:
    url = 'https://search.brave.com/api/suggest?'
    url += urlencode({'q': query})
    country = 'all'
-    kwargs = {'cookies': {'country': country}, 'enable_http3': True}
+    kwargs = {'cookies': {'country': country}}
    resp = get(url, **kwargs)
    results: list[str] = []

@@ -127,17 +127,18 @@ def duckduckgo(query: str, sxng_locale: str) -> list[str]:


 def google_complete(query: str, sxng_locale: str) -> list[str]:
-    """Autocomplete from Google.  Supports Google's languages
+    """Autocomplete from Google.  Supports Google's languages and subdomains
    (:py:obj:`searx.engines.google.get_google_info`) by using the async REST
    API::

-        https://www.google.com/complete/search?{args}
+        https://{subdomain}/complete/search?{args}

    """

    data = ENGINE_TRAITS.get("google") or {}
    traits = EngineTraits(**data)
    google_info: dict[str, t.Any] = google.get_google_info({'searxng_locale': sxng_locale}, traits)
+    url = 'https://{subdomain}/complete/search?{args}'
    args = urlencode(
        {
            'q': query,
@@ -147,7 +148,7 @@ def google_complete(query: str, sxng_locale: str) -> list[str]:
    )
    results: list[str] = []

-    resp = get('https://www.google.com/complete/search?' + args, enable_http3=True)
+    resp = get(url.format(subdomain=google_info['subdomain'], args=args))
    if resp and resp.ok:
        json_txt = resp.text[resp.text.find('[') : resp.text.find(']', -3) + 1]
        data = json.loads(json_txt)
@@ -418,5 +419,5 @@ def search_autocomplete(backend_name: str, query: str, sxng_locale: str) -> list
        return []
    try:
        return backend(query, sxng_locale)
-    except (RequestException, SearxEngineResponseException):
+    except (HTTPError, SearxEngineResponseException):
        return []
--- a/searx/botdetection/init.py
+++ b/searx/botdetection/init.py
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ Implementations used for bot detection.

 """

-
 __all__ = ["init", "dump_request", "get_network", "too_many_requests", "ProxyFix"]


--- a/searx/botdetection/config.py
+++ b/searx/botdetection/config.py
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ class Config:
            if default is UNSET:
                raise KeyError(name)
            return default
-        (modulename, name) = str(fqn).rsplit('.', 1)
+        modulename, name = str(fqn).rsplit('.', 1)
        m = __import__(modulename, {}, {}, [name], 0)
        return getattr(m, name)

--- a/searx/botdetection/http_accept.py
+++ b/searx/botdetection/http_accept.py
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ Accept_ header ..

 """

-
 from ipaddress import (
    IPv4Network,
    IPv6Network,
--- a/searx/botdetection/http_accept_encoding.py
+++ b/searx/botdetection/http_accept_encoding.py
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@ bot if the Accept-Encoding_ header ..

 """

-
 from ipaddress import (
    IPv4Network,
    IPv6Network,
--- a/searx/botdetection/http_accept_language.py
+++ b/searx/botdetection/http_accept_language.py
@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ if the Accept-Language_ header is unset.

 """

-
 from ipaddress import (
    IPv4Network,
    IPv6Network,
--- a/searx/botdetection/http_connection.py
+++ b/searx/botdetection/http_connection.py
@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ the Connection_ header is set to ``close``.

 """

-
 from ipaddress import (
    IPv4Network,
    IPv6Network,
--- a/searx/botdetection/http_sec_fetch.py
+++ b/searx/botdetection/http_sec_fetch.py
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ Metadata`_.  A request is filtered out in case of:


 """
+
 # pylint: disable=unused-argument


--- a/searx/botdetection/http_user_agent.py
+++ b/searx/botdetection/http_user_agent.py
@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ the User-Agent_ header is unset or matches the regular expression

 """

-
 import re
 from ipaddress import (
    IPv4Network,
@@ -25,7 +24,6 @@ import flask
 from . import config
 from ._helpers import too_many_requests

-
 USER_AGENT = (
    r'('
    + r'unknown'
--- a/searx/botdetection/ip_limit.py
+++ b/searx/botdetection/ip_limit.py
@@ -55,7 +55,6 @@ from ._helpers import (
    logger,
 )

-
 logger = logger.getChild('ip_limit')

 BURST_WINDOW = 20
--- a/searx/botdetection/ip_lists.py
+++ b/searx/botdetection/ip_lists.py
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ The ``ip_lists`` method implements :py:obj:`block-list <block_ip>` and
   ]

 """
+
 # pylint: disable=unused-argument


--- a/searx/botdetection/trusted_proxies.py
+++ b/searx/botdetection/trusted_proxies.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
 """Implementation of a middleware to determine the real IP of an HTTP request
 (:py:obj:`flask.request.remote_addr`) behind a proxy chain."""
+
 # pylint: disable=too-many-branches


--- a/searx/botdetection/valkeydb.py
+++ b/searx/botdetection/valkeydb.py
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
 """Providing a Valkey database for the botdetection methods."""

-
 import valkey

 __all__ = ["set_valkey_client", "get_valkey_client"]
--- a/searx/brand.py
+++ b/searx/brand.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
 """Implementations needed for a branding of SearXNG."""
+
 # pylint: disable=too-few-public-methods

 # Struct fields aren't discovered in Python 3.14
--- a/searx/cache.py
+++ b/searx/cache.py
@@ -465,7 +465,7 @@ class ExpireCacheSQLite(sqlitedb.SQLiteAppl, ExpireCache):

        # Check if value is expired. It's possible that it's expired but has not
        # yet been automatically deleted by the periodic maintenance
-        (value, expire) = row
+        value, expire = row
        now = time.time()
        if expire < now:
            # The record is deleted during the maintenance interval. Deleting
--- a/searx/compat.py
+++ b/searx/compat.py
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@

 import warnings

-
 # limiter backward compatibility
 # ------------------------------

--- a/searx/data/init.py
+++ b/searx/data/init.py
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 make data.all

 """
+
 # pylint: disable=invalid-name

 __all__ = ["ahmia_blacklist_loader", "data_dir", "get_cache"]
@@ -32,13 +33,6 @@ class WikiDataUnitType(t.TypedDict):
    to_si_factor: float


-WikiDataPropertyNameType = str | dict[str, str]
-"""Name of a Wikidata property. Can be either the plain name or a dictionary of
-language code to property name, e.g. ``{"en": "Date of birth"}``."""
-WikiDataPropertiesType = dict[str, WikiDataPropertyNameType]
-"""Dictionary from wikidata property ID to property name."""
-
-
 class LocalesType(t.TypedDict):
    """Data structure of an item in ``locales.json``"""

@@ -48,7 +42,6 @@ class LocalesType(t.TypedDict):

 USER_AGENTS: UserAgentType
 WIKIDATA_UNITS: dict[str, WikiDataUnitType]
-WIKIDATA_PROPERTIES: WikiDataPropertiesType
 TRACKER_PATTERNS: TrackerPatternsDB
 LOCALES: LocalesType
 CURRENCIES: CurrenciesDB
@@ -60,12 +53,11 @@ ENGINE_DESCRIPTIONS: dict[str, dict[str, t.Any]]
 ENGINE_TRAITS: dict[str, dict[str, t.Any]]


-lazy_globals: dict[str, t.Any] = {
+lazy_globals = {
    "CURRENCIES": CurrenciesDB(),
    "USER_AGENTS": None,
    "EXTERNAL_URLS": None,
    "WIKIDATA_UNITS": None,
-    "WIKIDATA_PROPERTIES": None,
    "EXTERNAL_BANGS": None,
    "OSM_KEYS_TAGS": None,
    "ENGINE_DESCRIPTIONS": None,
@@ -78,7 +70,6 @@ data_json_files = {
    "USER_AGENTS": "useragents.json",
    "EXTERNAL_URLS": "external_urls.json",
    "WIKIDATA_UNITS": "wikidata_units.json",
-    "WIKIDATA_PROPERTIES": "wikidata_properties.json",
    "EXTERNAL_BANGS": "external_bangs.json",
    "OSM_KEYS_TAGS": "osm_keys_tags.json",
    "ENGINE_DESCRIPTIONS": "engine_descriptions.json",
--- a/searx/data/ahmia_blacklist.txt
+++ b/searx/data/ahmia_blacklist.txt
--- a/searx/data/engine_traits.json
+++ b/searx/data/engine_traits.json
--- a/searx/data/external_bangs.json
+++ b/searx/data/external_bangs.json
--- a/searx/data/tracker_patterns.py
+++ b/searx/data/tracker_patterns.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
 """Simple implementation to store TrackerPatterns data in a SQL database."""
+
 # pylint: disable=too-many-branches

 import typing as t
@@ -10,7 +11,7 @@ import re
 from collections.abc import Iterator
 from urllib.parse import urlparse, urlunparse, parse_qsl, urlencode

-from curl_cffi.requests.exceptions import RequestException
+from httpx import HTTPError

 from searx.data.core import get_cache, log
 from searx.network import get as http_get
@@ -28,11 +29,11 @@ class TrackerPatternsDB:

    ctx_name = "data_tracker_patterns"

-    # ClearURL rule lists, the first one that responds HTTP 200 is used
    CLEAR_LIST_URL = [
-        "https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/clearurls/rules@refs/heads/gh-pages/data.minify.json",
-        "https://rules2.clearurls.xyz/data.minify.json",
+        # ClearURL rule lists, the first one that responds HTTP 200 is used
        "https://rules1.clearurls.xyz/data.minify.json",
+        "https://rules2.clearurls.xyz/data.minify.json",
+        "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ClearURLs/Rules/refs/heads/master/data.min.json",
    ]

    class Fields:
@@ -87,8 +88,8 @@ class TrackerPatternsDB:
            try:
                resp = http_get(url, timeout=3)

-            except RequestException as exc:
-                log.warning("TRACKER_PATTERNS: RequestException while fetching %s: %s", url, exc)
+            except HTTPError as exc:
+                log.warning("TRACKER_PATTERNS: HTTPError (%s) occured while fetching %s", url, exc)
                continue

            if resp.status_code != 200:
--- a/searx/data/useragents.json
+++ b/searx/data/useragents.json
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
    ],
    "ua": "Mozilla/5.0 ({os}; rv:{version}) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/{version}",
    "versions": [
-        "154.0",
-        "153.0"
+        "153.0",
+        "152.0"
    ]
 }
--- a/searx/data/wikidata_properties.json
+++ b/searx/data/wikidata_properties.json
--- a/searx/data/wikidata_units.json
+++ b/searx/data/wikidata_units.json
@@ -3474,6 +3474,11 @@
        "symbol": "mm⁻²",
        "to_si_factor": 1e-06
    },
+    "Q136039973": {
+        "si_name": "Q6137407",
+        "symbol": "FPS",
+        "to_si_factor": 1.0
+    },
    "Q1361854": {
        "si_name": "Q11570",
        "symbol": "dwt",
@@ -5249,11 +5254,6 @@
        "symbol": "μA",
        "to_si_factor": 1e-06
    },
-    "Q31274648": {
-        "si_name": "Q6137407",
-        "symbol": "FPS",
-        "to_si_factor": 1.0
-    },
    "Q3186734": {
        "si_name": "Q3186734",
        "symbol": "J/(m³ K)",
--- a/searx/enginelib/init.py
+++ b/searx/enginelib/init.py
@@ -305,7 +305,7 @@ class Engine(abc.ABC):  # pylint: disable=too-few-public-methods

    region: str = ""
    """For an engine, when there is ``region: ...`` in the YAML settings the engine
-    does support only this one region:
+    does support only this one region::

    .. code:: yaml

@@ -317,9 +317,6 @@ class Engine(abc.ABC):  # pylint: disable=too-few-public-methods
    enable_http: bool
    """Enable HTTP (by default only HTTPS is enabled)."""

-    enable_http3: bool = False
-    """Enables the use of HTTP/3 if available"""
-
    shortcut: str
    """Code used to execute bang requests (``!foo``)"""

--- a/searx/engines/360search_videos.py
+++ b/searx/engines/360search_videos.py
@@ -6,8 +6,7 @@ from urllib.parse import urlencode
 from datetime import datetime

 from searx.exceptions import SearxEngineAPIException
-from searx.result_types import EngineResults
-from searx.utils import html_to_text
+from searx.utils import html_to_text, get_embeded_stream_url

 about = {
    "website": "https://tv.360kan.com/",
@@ -30,12 +29,12 @@ def request(query, params):
    return params


-def response(resp) -> EngineResults:
+def response(resp):
    try:
        data = resp.json()
    except Exception as e:
        raise SearxEngineAPIException(f"Invalid response: {e}") from e
-    res = EngineResults()
+    results = []

    if "data" not in data or "result" not in data["data"]:
        raise SearxEngineAPIException("Invalid response")
@@ -51,15 +50,16 @@ def response(resp) -> EngineResults:
            except (ValueError, TypeError):
                published_date = None

-        res.add(
-            res.types.LegacyResult(
-                url=entry["play_url"],
-                title=html_to_text(entry["title"]),
-                content=html_to_text(entry["description"]),
-                template='videos.html',
-                publishedDate=published_date,
-                thumbnail=entry["cover_img"],
-            )
+        results.append(
+            {
+                'url': entry["play_url"],
+                'title': html_to_text(entry["title"]),
+                'content': html_to_text(entry["description"]),
+                'template': 'videos.html',
+                'publishedDate': published_date,
+                'thumbnail': entry["cover_img"],
+                "iframe_src": get_embeded_stream_url(entry["play_url"]),
+            }
        )

-    return res
+    return results
--- a/searx/engines/builtins.pyi
+++ b/searx/engines/builtins.pyi
@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@ categories: list[str]
 disabled: bool
 display_error_messages: bool
 enable_http: bool
-enable_http3: bool
 engine_type: str
 inactive: bool
 max_page: int
--- a/searx/engines/init.py
+++ b/searx/engines/init.py
@@ -187,9 +187,8 @@ def set_loggers(engine: "Engine|types.ModuleType", engine_name: str):
 def update_engine_attributes(engine: "Engine | types.ModuleType", engine_data: dict[str, t.Any]):
    # pylint: disable=too-many-branches

-    # set / update engine attributes from engine_data
+    # set engine attributes from engine_data
    kvargs: dict[str, t.Any]
-    engine.about = getattr(engine, "about", EngineAbout())
    if isinstance(engine.about, EngineAbout):
        kvargs = {**msgspec.to_builtins(engine.about), **engine_data.get("about", {})}
    else:
--- a/searx/engines/adobe_stock.py
+++ b/searx/engines/adobe_stock.py
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ Implementation
 ==============

 """
-import typing as t
+
 from datetime import datetime, timedelta
 from urllib.parse import urlencode

@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ Additional subcategories:
 # Do we need support for "free_collection" and "include_stock_enterprise"?


-def setup(_: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool | None:
+def init(_):
    if not categories:
        raise ValueError("adobe_stock engine: categories is unset")

@@ -100,9 +100,9 @@ def setup(_: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool | None:
        raise ValueError("adobe_stock engine: adobe_content_types is unset")

    if isinstance(adobe_content_types, list):
-        for content_type in adobe_content_types:
-            if content_type not in ADOBE_VALID_TYPES:
-                raise ValueError("adobe_stock engine: adobe_content_types: '%s' is invalid" % content_type)
+        for t in adobe_content_types:
+            if t not in ADOBE_VALID_TYPES:
+                raise ValueError("adobe_stock engine: adobe_content_types: '%s' is invalid" % t)
    else:
        raise ValueError(
            "adobe_stock engine: adobe_content_types must be a list of strings not %s" % type(adobe_content_types)
--- a/searx/engines/azure.py
+++ b/searx/engines/azure.py
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ To use this engine, add an entry similar to the following to your engine list in
    https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/entra/identity-platform/quickstart-register-app

 """
+
 import typing as t

 from searx.enginelib import EngineCache
--- a/searx/engines/baidu.py
+++ b/searx/engines/baidu.py
@@ -49,9 +49,6 @@ CACHE: EngineCache


 def setup(engine_settings: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool:
-    if baidu_category not in ('general', 'images', 'it'):
-        raise SearxEngineAPIException(f"Unsupported category: {baidu_category}")
-
    global CACHE  # pylint: disable=global-statement
    CACHE = EngineCache(engine_settings["name"])
    return True
@@ -68,6 +65,11 @@ def get_image_cookies(headers: dict[str, str]) -> dict[str, str]:
    return cookies


+def init(_):
+    if baidu_category not in ('general', 'images', 'it'):
+        raise SearxEngineAPIException(f"Unsupported category: {baidu_category}")
+
+
 def request(query, params):
    page_num = params["pageno"]

--- a/searx/engines/base.py
+++ b/searx/engines/base.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
 """BASE (Scholar publications)"""
+
 from datetime import datetime
 import re

--- a/searx/engines/bing.py
+++ b/searx/engines/bing.py
@@ -40,7 +40,6 @@ about: dict[str, t.Any] = {
 # engine dependent config
 categories = ["general", "web"]
 safesearch = True
-enable_http3 = True
 _safesearch_map: dict[int, str] = {
    0: "off",
    1: "moderate",
@@ -72,21 +71,43 @@ def get_locale_params(engine_region: str | None) -> dict[str, str] | None:
    return {"mkt": engine_region}


+def override_accept_language(params: "OnlineParams", engine_region: str | None) -> None:
+    """Override the ``Accept-Language`` header.
+
+    The default header built by :py:class:`~searx.search.processors.online.OnlineProcessor`
+    appends ``en;q=0.3`` as a fallback language::
+
+        Accept-Language: de,de-DE;q=0.7,en;q=0.3
+
+    Bing seems to better select the results locale based on the
+    ``Accept-Language`` value header.
+
+    This function is shared with :py:mod:`searx.engines.bing_images`,
+    :py:mod:`searx.engines.bing_news`, and :py:mod:`searx.engines.bing_videos`.
+    """
+
+    if not engine_region or engine_region == "clear":
+        return
+
+    lang = engine_region.split("-")[0]
+    params["headers"]["Accept-Language"] = f"{engine_region},{lang};q=0.9"
+
+
 def request(query: str, params: "OnlineParams"):
    """Assemble a Bing-Web request."""

    engine_region = traits.get_region(params["searxng_locale"], traits.all_locale)

+    override_accept_language(params, engine_region)
+
    query_params: dict[str, str | int] = {
        "q": query,
        "adlt": _safesearch_map.get(params.get("safesearch", 0), "off"),
    }

-    if engine_region and engine_region != "clear":
-        lang, _, cc = engine_region.partition("-")
-        query_params["setlang"] = lang
-        if cc and cc not in ("us", "cn", "ru"):  # bing just sends junk for these
-            query_params["cc"] = cc
+    locale_params = get_locale_params(engine_region)
+    if locale_params:
+        query_params.update(locale_params)

    params["url"] = f"{base_url}/search?{urlencode(query_params)}"

--- a/searx/engines/bing_images.py
+++ b/searx/engines/bing_images.py
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ from lxml import html
 from searx.engines.bing import (  # pylint: disable=unused-import
    fetch_traits,
    get_locale_params,
+    override_accept_language,
 )

 # about
@@ -24,7 +25,6 @@ about = {
 # engine dependent config
 categories = ["images", "web"]
 paging = True
-enable_http3 = True
 safesearch = True
 time_range_support = True
 time_map = {
@@ -43,6 +43,8 @@ def request(query, params):

    engine_region = traits.get_region(params["searxng_locale"], traits.all_locale)

+    override_accept_language(params, engine_region)
+
    # build URL query
    # - example: https://www.bing.com/images/async?q=foo&async=1&first=1&count=35
    query_params = {
--- a/searx/engines/bing_news.py
+++ b/searx/engines/bing_news.py
@@ -12,7 +12,10 @@ from urllib.parse import urlencode
 from lxml import html

 from searx.enginelib.traits import EngineTraits
-from searx.engines.bing import get_locale_params
+from searx.engines.bing import (
+    get_locale_params,
+    override_accept_language,
+)
 from searx.utils import eval_xpath, eval_xpath_getindex, eval_xpath_list, extract_text

 # about
@@ -30,7 +33,6 @@ categories = ["news"]
 paging = True
 """If go through the pages and there are actually no new results for another
 page, then bing returns the results from the last page again."""
-enable_http3 = True

 time_range_support = True
 time_map = {
@@ -51,6 +53,8 @@ def request(query, params):

    engine_region = traits.get_region(params["searxng_locale"], traits.all_locale)

+    override_accept_language(params, engine_region)
+
    # build URL query
    # - example: https://www.bing.com/news/infinitescrollajax?q=london&first=1
    page = int(params.get("pageno", 1)) - 1
--- a/searx/engines/bing_videos.py
+++ b/searx/engines/bing_videos.py
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ from lxml import html
 from searx.engines.bing import (  # pylint: disable=unused-import
    fetch_traits,
    get_locale_params,
+    override_accept_language,
 )
 from searx.engines.bing_images import time_map
 from searx.utils import eval_xpath, eval_xpath_getindex
@@ -25,7 +26,6 @@ about = {
 # engine dependent config
 categories = ["videos", "web"]
 paging = True
-enable_http3 = True
 safesearch = True
 time_range_support = True

@@ -38,6 +38,8 @@ def request(query, params):

    engine_region = traits.get_region(params["searxng_locale"], traits.all_locale)

+    override_accept_language(params, engine_region)
+
    # build URL query
    # - example: https://www.bing.com/videos/asyncv2?q=foo&async=content&first=1&count=35
    query_params = {
--- a/searx/engines/boardreader.py
+++ b/searx/engines/boardreader.py
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ CACHE_SESSION_ID_KEY = "session_id_key"
 KEYWORD_RE = re.compile(r"\[\/?Keyword\]")


-def setup(engine_settings: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool:
+def init(engine_settings: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool:
    global CACHE  # pylint: disable=global-statement
    CACHE = EngineCache(engine_name=engine_settings["name"])
    return True
--- a/searx/engines/brave.py
+++ b/searx/engines/brave.py
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ from searx.utils import (
    eval_xpath_getindex,
    eval_xpath_list,
    extract_text,
-    get_embedded_stream_url,
+    get_embeded_stream_url,
    js_obj_str_to_json_str,
    js_obj_str_to_python,
 )
@@ -151,7 +151,6 @@ about = {

 base_url = "https://search.brave.com/"
 categories = []
-enable_http3 = True
 brave_category: t.Literal["search", "videos", "images", "news", "goggles"] = "search"
 """Brave supports common web-search, videos, images, news, and goggles search.

@@ -248,13 +247,13 @@ def extract_json_data(text: str) -> dict[str, t.Any]:
    #    node_ids: [0, 19],
    #    data: [{type:"data",data: .... ["q","goggles_id"],route:1,url:1}}]
    #          ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-    #    form: null,
-    #    error: null
-    # });
+    text = text[text.index("<script") : text.index("</script")]
+    if not text:
+        raise ValueError("can't find JS/JSON data in the given text")
    start = text.index("data: [{")
-    newline = text.index("\n", start)
-    end = text.rindex("}}]", start, newline)
-    js_obj_str = "{" + text[start:end] + "}}]}"
+    end = text.rindex("}}]")
+    js_obj_str = text[start:end]
+    js_obj_str = "{" + js_obj_str + "}}]}"
    # js_obj_str = js_obj_str.replace("\xa0", "")  # remove ASCII for &nbsp;
    # js_obj_str = js_obj_str.replace(r"\u003C", "<").replace(r"\u003c", "<")  # fix broken HTML tags in strings
    json_str = js_obj_str_to_json_str(js_obj_str)
@@ -339,7 +338,7 @@ def _parse_search(resp: SXNG_Response) -> EngineResults:
        if len(video_tag):
            # In my tests a video tag in the WEB search was most often not a
            # video, except the ones from youtube ..
-            iframe_src = get_embedded_stream_url(url)
+            iframe_src = get_embeded_stream_url(url)
            if iframe_src:
                item["iframe_src"] = iframe_src
                item["template"] = "videos.html"
@@ -354,14 +353,14 @@ def _parse_news(resp: SXNG_Response) -> EngineResults:
    res = EngineResults()
    dom = html.fromstring(resp.text)

-    for result in eval_xpath_list(dom, "//div[@data-type='news']"):
-        url = eval_xpath_getindex(result, ".//a/@href", 0, default=None)
+    for result in eval_xpath_list(dom, "//div[contains(@class, 'results')]//div[@data-type='news']"):
+        url = eval_xpath_getindex(result, ".//a[contains(@class, 'result-header')]/@href", 0, default=None)
        if url is None:
            continue

-        title = eval_xpath_list(result, ".//div[contains(@class, 'title')]")
-        content = eval_xpath_list(result, ".//div[contains(@class, 'description')]")
-        thumbnail = eval_xpath_getindex(result, ".//a[contains(@class, 'thumbnail')]//img/@src", 0, default="")
+        title = eval_xpath_list(result, ".//span[contains(@class, 'snippet-title')]")
+        content = eval_xpath_list(result, ".//p[contains(@class, 'desc')]")
+        thumbnail = eval_xpath_getindex(result, ".//div[contains(@class, 'image-wrapper')]//img/@src", 0, default="")

        item = res.types.LegacyResult(
            template="default.html",
@@ -407,6 +406,9 @@ def _parse_videos(json_resp: dict[str, t.Any]) -> EngineResults:
        )
        if result["thumbnail"] is not None:
            item["thumbnail"] = result["thumbnail"]["src"]
+        iframe_src = get_embeded_stream_url(result["url"])
+        if iframe_src:
+            item["iframe_src"] = iframe_src

        res.add(item)

--- a/searx/engines/braveapi.py
+++ b/searx/engines/braveapi.py
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
 about = {
    "website": "https://api.search.brave.com/",
    "wikidata_id": None,
-    "official_api_documentation": "https://api-dashboard.search.brave.com/api-reference/web/search/get",
+    "official_api_documentation": "https://api-dashboard.search.brave.com/documentation",
    "use_official_api": True,
    "require_api_key": True,
    "results": "JSON",
@@ -63,10 +63,8 @@ base_url = "https://api.search.brave.com/res/v1/web/search"
 time_range_map = {"day": "past_day", "week": "past_week", "month": "past_month", "year": "past_year"}
 """Mapping of SearXNG time ranges to Brave API time ranges."""

-max_page = 10

-
-def setup(_: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool | None:
+def init(_):
    """Initialize the engine."""
    if not api_key:
        raise SearxEngineAPIException("No API key provided")
@@ -77,7 +75,7 @@ def request(query: str, params: "OnlineParams") -> None:
    search_args: dict[str, str | int | None] = {
        "q": query,
        "count": results_per_page,
-        "offset": params["pageno"] - 1,
+        "offset": (params["pageno"] - 1) * results_per_page,
        "text_decorations": False,
    }

@@ -91,7 +89,6 @@ def request(query: str, params: "OnlineParams") -> None:

    params["url"] = f"{base_url}?{urlencode(search_args)}"
    params["headers"]["X-Subscription-Token"] = api_key
-    params["headers"]["Accept"] = "application/json"


 def _extract_published_date(published_date_raw: str):
--- a/searx/engines/cara.py
+++ b/searx/engines/cara.py
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
+# pylint: disable=invalid-name
+"""Cara_ is a social media and portfolio-sharing platform for artists and art
+enthusiasts.
+
+With the widespread use of generative AI, Cara_ decided to build a place that
+filters out gen AI images so that people searching for authentic creatives and
+images can do so easily.
+
+.. _Cara: https://cara.app/about
+"""
+
+from urllib.parse import urlencode
+
+import typing as t
+
+from searx.result_types import EngineResults
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from searx.extended_types import SXNG_Response
+    from searx.search.processors import OnlineParams
+
+
+about = {
+    "website": "https://cara.app",
+    "official_api_documentation": None,
+    "use_official_api": False,
+    "require_api_key": False,
+    "results": "JSON",
+}
+
+base_url = "https://cara.app"
+images_url = "https://images.cara.app"
+
+categories = ["images"]
+paging = True
+results_per_page = 24
+
+# if using HTTP2, we get blocked immediately
+enable_http2 = False
+
+
+def request(query: str, params: "OnlineParams") -> None:
+    args = {
+        "q": query,
+        "sortBy": "Top",
+        "take": results_per_page,
+        "skip": (params["pageno"] - 1) * results_per_page,
+    }
+    params["url"] = f"{base_url}/api/search/portfolio-posts?{urlencode(args)}"
+
+
+def response(resp: "SXNG_Response"):
+    res = EngineResults()
+    json_data: list[dict[str, t.Any]] = resp.json()
+
+    for result in json_data:
+        thumbnail, img = None, None
+
+        i: dict[str, str]
+        for i in result["images"]:
+            if thumbnail is None or i["isCoverImg"]:
+                thumbnail = i
+
+            if img is None or not i["isCoverImg"]:
+                img = i
+
+        if not thumbnail or not img:
+            continue
+
+        res.add(
+            res.types.LegacyResult(
+                {
+                    "template": "images.html",
+                    "url": f"{base_url}/post/{result['id']}",
+                    "thumbnail_src": f"{images_url}/{thumbnail['src']}?height=256",
+                    "img_src": f"{images_url}/{img['src']}",
+                    "title": result["title"],
+                    "content": result["content"],
+                    "author": result["name"],
+                }
+            )
+        )
+
+    return res
--- a/searx/engines/chatnoir.py
+++ b/searx/engines/chatnoir.py
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ search_index = "cw22"
 <https://www.chatnoir.eu/docs/api-general>`_ for a full list."""


-def _obtain_api_key() -> tuple[str, str]:
+def _obtain_api_key() -> tuple[str, str, str]:
    home_resp = get(base_url)
    if not home_resp.ok:
        raise SearxEngineAPIException("failed to obtain api key")
@@ -58,9 +58,10 @@ def _obtain_api_key() -> tuple[str, str]:
    )
    if not token_resp.ok:
        raise SearxEngineAPIException("failed to obtain api key")
+    session_id = token_resp.cookies["sessionid"]
    scraped_api_key = token_resp.json()["token"]["token"]

-    return csrf_token, scraped_api_key
+    return csrf_token, session_id, scraped_api_key


 def request(query: str, params: "OnlineParams"):
@@ -72,7 +73,7 @@ def request(query: str, params: "OnlineParams"):

        params["headers"].update(headers)
    else:
-        csrf_token, scraped_api_key = _obtain_api_key()
+        csrf_token, session_id, scraped_api_key = _obtain_api_key()

        headers = {
            "Authorization": f"Bearer {scraped_api_key}",
@@ -80,11 +81,10 @@ def request(query: str, params: "OnlineParams"):
        }

        params["headers"].update(headers)
-        params["cookies"] = {"csrftoken": csrf_token}
+        params["cookies"] = {"csrftoken": session_id, "sessionid": session_id}

    params["url"] = f"{base_url}/api/v1/_search"
    params["method"] = "POST"
-    params["impersonate"] = "none"

    json_data = {
        "query": query,
--- a/searx/engines/chinaso.py
+++ b/searx/engines/chinaso.py
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ time_range_dict = {'day': '24h', 'week': '1w', 'month': '1m', 'year': '1y'}
 base_url = "https://www.chinaso.com"


-def setup(_: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool | None:
+def init(_):
    if chinaso_news_source not in t.get_args(ChinasoNewsSourceType):
        raise ValueError(f"Unsupported news source: {chinaso_news_source}")

--- a/searx/engines/command.py
+++ b/searx/engines/command.py
@@ -74,7 +74,6 @@ Implementations
 ===============
 """

-import typing as t
 import re
 from os.path import expanduser, isabs, realpath, commonprefix
 from shlex import split as shlex_split
@@ -84,7 +83,6 @@ from threading import Thread
 from searx import logger
 from searx.result_types import EngineResults

-
 engine_type = 'offline'
 paging = True
 command = []
@@ -101,7 +99,7 @@ _command_logger = logger.getChild('command')
 _compiled_parse_regex = {}


-def setup(engine_settings: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool | None:
+def init(engine_settings):
    check_parsing_options(engine_settings)

    if 'command' not in engine_settings:
--- a/searx/engines/core.py
+++ b/searx/engines/core.py
@@ -141,13 +141,12 @@ def response(resp: "SXNG_Response") -> EngineResults:
            if name:
                authors.add(name)

-        tag = result.get("fieldOfStudy")
        res.add(
            res.types.Paper(
                title=result.get("title"),
                url=url,
                content=result.get("fullText", "") or "",
-                tags=[tag] if tag else [],
+                tags=result.get("fieldOfStudy", []),
                publishedDate=published_date,
                type=result.get("documentType", "") or "",
                authors=authors,
--- a/searx/engines/docker_hub.py
+++ b/searx/engines/docker_hub.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
 """Docker Hub (IT)"""
+
 # pylint: disable=use-dict-literal

 from urllib.parse import urlencode
--- a/searx/engines/dogpile.py
+++ b/searx/engines/dogpile.py
@@ -8,9 +8,6 @@ import typing as t
 from datetime import datetime, timezone
 import html

-from searx.enginelib import EngineCache
-from searx.exceptions import SearxEngineAPIException
-from searx.network import post
 from searx.utils import format_duration, html_to_text, humanize_number
 from searx.result_types import EngineResults

@@ -38,36 +35,15 @@ dogpile_categ = "search"
 base_url = "https://www.dogpile.com"
 safe_search_map = {0: "none", 1: "moderate", 2: "heavy"}

-CACHE: EngineCache
-"""Cache for the API token from dogpile"""

-
-def setup(_: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool | None:
+def init(_):
    if dogpile_categ not in ("search", "images", "videos", "news"):
        raise ValueError("invalid search type: %s" % dogpile_categ)
-    global CACHE  # pylint: disable=global-statement
-    CACHE = EngineCache("dogpile")  # one token for images/videos/news
-    return True
-
-
-def _obtain_token() -> str:
-    token = CACHE.get("token")
-    if token:
-        return token
-    resp = post(f"{base_url}/api/token/refresh", headers={"Origin": base_url}, cookies={"dp_api_token": "1"})
-    if not resp.ok:
-        raise SearxEngineAPIException("failed to obtain dogpile token")
-    token = resp.json()["token"]
-    CACHE.set("token", token, expire=240)  # 300s ttl
-    return token


 def request(query: str, params: "OnlineParams"):
    params["url"] = f"{base_url}/api/{dogpile_categ}"
    params["headers"]["Origin"] = base_url
-    params["cookies"]["dp_api_token"] = "1"
-    if dogpile_categ != "search":  # web doesnt need token
-        params["headers"]["x-dogpile-token"] = _obtain_token()

    params["method"] = "POST"
    params["json"] = {"q": query, "qadf": safe_search_map[params["safesearch"]], "page": params["pageno"]}
--- a/searx/engines/duckduckgo.py
+++ b/searx/engines/duckduckgo.py
@@ -164,6 +164,7 @@ Terms / phrases that you keep coming across:
   https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Reference/Headers/Accept-Language

 """
+
 # pylint: disable=global-statement

 import json
--- a/searx/engines/duckduckgo_definitions.py
+++ b/searx/engines/duckduckgo_definitions.py
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ least we could not find out how language support should work.  It seems that
 most of the features are based on English terms.

 """
+
 import typing as t

 from urllib.parse import urlencode, urlparse, urljoin
--- a/searx/engines/duckduckgo_extra.py
+++ b/searx/engines/duckduckgo_extra.py
@@ -10,8 +10,7 @@ from datetime import datetime
 from urllib.parse import urlencode
 from urllib.parse import quote_plus

-from searx.result_types import EngineResults, MainResult, LegacyResult, Image
-from searx.utils import html_to_text, gen_useragent, extr
+from searx.utils import get_embeded_stream_url, html_to_text, gen_useragent, extr
 from searx.network import get  # see https://github.com/searxng/searxng/issues/762

 from searx.engines.duckduckgo import fetch_traits  # pylint: disable=unused-import
@@ -48,7 +47,7 @@ _HTTP_User_Agent: str = gen_useragent()
 send_accept_language_header = False


-def setup(engine_settings: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool | None:
+def init(engine_settings: dict[str, t.Any]):

    if engine_settings["ddg_category"] not in ["images", "videos", "news"]:
        raise ValueError(f"Unsupported DuckDuckGo category: {engine_settings['ddg_category']}")
@@ -98,7 +97,6 @@ def request(query: str, params: "OnlineParams") -> None:
    # The vqd value is generated from the query and the UA header. To be able to
    # reuse the vqd value, the UA header must be static.
    headers["User-Agent"] = _HTTP_User_Agent
-    params["impersonate"] = "none"
    vqd = get_vqd(query=query, params=params) or fetch_vqd(query=query, params=params)

    headers["Accept"] = "*/*"
@@ -150,51 +148,54 @@ def request(query: str, params: "OnlineParams") -> None:


 def _image_result(result):
-    return Image(
-        url=result['url'],
-        title=result['title'],
-        content='',
-        thumbnail_src=result['thumbnail'],
-        img_src=result['image'],
-        resolution='%s x %s' % (result['width'], result['height']),
-        source=result['source'],
-    )
+    return {
+        'template': 'images.html',
+        'url': result['url'],
+        'title': result['title'],
+        'content': '',
+        'thumbnail_src': result['thumbnail'],
+        'img_src': result['image'],
+        'resolution': '%s x %s' % (result['width'], result['height']),
+        'source': result['source'],
+    }


 def _video_result(result):
-    return LegacyResult(
-        template='videos.html',
-        url=result['content'],
-        title=result['title'],
-        content=result['description'],
-        thumbnail=result['images'].get('small') or result['images'].get('medium'),
-        source=result['provider'],
-        length=result['duration'],
-        metadata=result.get('uploader'),
-    )
+    return {
+        'template': 'videos.html',
+        'url': result['content'],
+        'title': result['title'],
+        'content': result['description'],
+        'thumbnail': result['images'].get('small') or result['images'].get('medium'),
+        'iframe_src': get_embeded_stream_url(result['content']),
+        'source': result['provider'],
+        'length': result['duration'],
+        'metadata': result.get('uploader'),
+    }


 def _news_result(result):
-    return MainResult(
-        url=result['url'],
-        title=result['title'],
-        content=html_to_text(result['excerpt']),
-        publishedDate=datetime.fromtimestamp(result['date']),
-    )
+    return {
+        'url': result['url'],
+        'title': result['title'],
+        'content': html_to_text(result['excerpt']),
+        'source': result['source'],
+        'publishedDate': datetime.fromtimestamp(result['date']),
+    }


-def response(resp: "SXNG_Response") -> EngineResults:
-    res = EngineResults()
+def response(resp):
+    results = []
    res_json = resp.json()

    for result in res_json['results']:
        if ddg_category == 'images':
-            res.add(_image_result(result))
+            results.append(_image_result(result))
        elif ddg_category == 'videos':
-            res.add(_video_result(result))
+            results.append(_video_result(result))
        elif ddg_category == 'news':
-            res.add(_news_result(result))
+            results.append(_news_result(result))
        else:
            raise ValueError(f"Invalid duckduckgo category: {ddg_category}")

-    return res
+    return results
--- a/searx/engines/duckduckgo_weather.py
+++ b/searx/engines/duckduckgo_weather.py
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@ from searx.result_types import EngineResults
 from searx.extended_types import SXNG_Response
 from searx import weather

-
 about = {
    "website": 'https://duckduckgo.com/',
    "wikidata_id": 'Q12805',
@@ -109,19 +108,7 @@ def response(resp: SXNG_Response):

    json_data = loads(resp.text[resp.text.find('\n') + 1 : resp.text.rfind('\n') - 2])

-    location = json_data.get("location")
-    if not location:
-        return res
-
-    metadata = json_data.get("weatherAlerts", {}).get("metadata", {})
-    geoloc = weather.GeoLocation(
-        name=location,
-        latitude=metadata.get("latitude"),
-        longitude=metadata.get("longitude"),
-        elevation=0,
-        country_code=metadata.get("language").split("-")[-1],
-        timezone=json_data.get("location"),
-    )
+    geoloc = weather.GeoLocation.by_query(resp.search_params["query"])

    weather_answer = EngineResults.types.WeatherAnswer(
        current=_weather_data(geoloc, json_data["currentWeather"]),
--- a/searx/engines/duckduckgo_web.py
+++ b/searx/engines/duckduckgo_web.py
@@ -14,12 +14,11 @@ can't build it ourselves and must scrape it from the HTML pages.
 """

 import typing as t
-import re

-from urllib.parse import quote_plus, urljoin
+from urllib.parse import quote_plus
 from lxml import html

-from searx.utils import html_to_text, extract_text, eval_xpath
+from searx.utils import html_to_text, gen_useragent, extract_text, eval_xpath
 from searx.result_types import EngineResults
 from searx.enginelib import EngineCache
 from searx.network import get
@@ -39,6 +38,7 @@ about = {
 # engine dependent config
 categories = ["general"]
 paging = True
+_HTTP_User_Agent: str = gen_useragent()

 base_url = "https://duckduckgo.com"

@@ -73,8 +73,6 @@ def _fetch_first_page_link(
    resp = get(
        url=f"{base_url}/?q={quote_plus(query)}&t=h_&ia=web",
        headers=headers,
-        impersonate="firefox",
-        default_headers=False,
        timeout=2,
    )

@@ -98,43 +96,6 @@ def _cache_key(query: str, pageno: int) -> str:
    return f"nextpage_url|{query}|{pageno}"


-def _solve_jsa(resp: "SXNG_Response") -> "SXNG_Response":
-    """Duckduckgo sometimes issues a challenge instead of json."""
-
-    # length that a real browser would report for where the broken snippet is
-    html_len = {
-        "<p><div></p><p></div": 32,
-        "<li><div></li><li></div": 29,
-        "<div><div></div><div></div": 33,
-        "<br><div></br><br></div": 23,
-    }
-
-    js = resp.text or ""
-    jsa_match = re.search(r"let jsa = (\d+);.*?DDG\.deep\.initialize\('([^']+)'", js, re.S)
-    if not jsa_match:
-        return resp
-
-    js_functions = dict(re.findall(r"let (\w+) = function\(num\) \{([^}]*)\};", js))
-    jsa = int(jsa_match.group(1))
-    try:
-        for name in re.findall(r"jsa = (\w+)\(jsa\);", js):
-            body = js_functions[name]
-            mul = re.search(r"num \* (\d+)", body)
-            jsa = jsa * int(mul.group(1)) if mul else jsa + html_len[re.search(r"`([^`]+)`", body).group(1)]
-    except (KeyError, AttributeError):
-        return resp
-
-    params = resp.search_params
-    follow = get(
-        urljoin("https://links.duckduckgo.com", jsa_match.group(2) + str(jsa)),
-        headers=params["headers"],
-        impersonate="firefox",
-        default_headers=False,
-    )
-    follow.search_params = params
-    return follow
-
-
 def request(query: str, params: "OnlineParams") -> None:

    if len(query) >= 500:
@@ -142,15 +103,25 @@ def request(query: str, params: "OnlineParams") -> None:
        params["url"] = None
        return

-    # firefox TLS only
-    params["impersonate"] = "firefox"
-    params["default_headers"] = False
+    headers = params["headers"]
+
+    # The vqd value is generated from the query and the UA header.  To be able
+    # to reuse the vqd value, the UA header must be static.
+    headers["User-Agent"] = _HTTP_User_Agent
+    headers["Accept"] = "*/*"
+    headers["Referer"] = f"{base_url}/"
+    headers["Host"] = "duckduckgo.com"
+
+    # Sec-Fetch headers are required to not get blocked when sending a Firefox user agent
+    headers["Sec-Fetch-Dest"] = "script"
+    headers["Sec-Fetch-Mode"] = "no-cors"
+    headers["Sec-Fetch-Site"] = "same-site"

    api_url = ""
    if params["pageno"] > 1:
        api_url = CACHE.get(_cache_key(query, params["pageno"]))
    else:
-        api_url = _fetch_first_page_link(query, params["headers"])
+        api_url = _fetch_first_page_link(query, headers)

    if not api_url:
        params["url"] = None
@@ -158,27 +129,14 @@ def request(query: str, params: "OnlineParams") -> None:

    params["url"] = api_url.replace("/d.js?", "/d.js?o=json&")

-    # loads as a script
-    headers = params["headers"]
-    headers["Accept"] = "*/*"
-    headers["Sec-Fetch-Dest"] = "script"
-    headers["Sec-Fetch-Mode"] = "no-cors"
-    headers["Sec-Fetch-Site"] = "same-site"
-    headers["Referer"] = f"{base_url}/"
-
    # TODO: support safesearch, timerange and engine traits  # pylint:disable=fixme


 def response(resp: "SXNG_Response"):
    res = EngineResults()
+    res_json = resp.json()

-    # check if ddg returns a challenge
-    # e.g. 'site:github.com searxng'
-    if "let jsa =" in (resp.text or ""):
-        resp = _solve_jsa(resp)
-
-    results = resp.json()["results"]
-    for result in results:
+    for result in res_json["results"]:
        if "u" not in result:
            continue

@@ -186,13 +144,13 @@ def response(resp: "SXNG_Response"):
            res.types.MainResult(url=result["u"], title=html_to_text(result["t"]), content=html_to_text(result["a"]))
        )

-    if results:
-        next_page_path = results[-1].get("n")
-        if next_page_path:
-            CACHE.set(
-                _cache_key(resp.search_params["query"], resp.search_params["pageno"] + 1),
-                base_url + next_page_path,
-                expire=60 * 60,
-            )
+    # link to next page
+    next_page_path = res_json["results"][-1].get("n")
+    if next_page_path:
+        CACHE.set(
+            _cache_key(resp.search_params["query"], resp.search_params["pageno"] + 1),
+            base_url + next_page_path,
+            expire=60 * 60,
+        )

    return res
--- a/searx/engines/dummy-offline.py
+++ b/searx/engines/dummy-offline.py
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 # pylint: disable=invalid-name
 """Dummy Offline"""

-
 # about
 about = {
    "wikidata_id": None,
--- a/searx/engines/elasticsearch.py
+++ b/searx/engines/elasticsearch.py
@@ -41,7 +41,6 @@ authentication configured to read from ``my-index`` index.

 """

-import typing as t
 from json import loads, dumps
 from searx.exceptions import SearxEngineAPIException
 from searx.result_types import EngineResults
@@ -69,7 +68,7 @@ show_metadata = False
 page_size = 10


-def setup(engine_settings: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool | None:
+def init(engine_settings):
    if 'query_type' in engine_settings and engine_settings['query_type'] not in _available_query_types:
        raise ValueError('unsupported query type', engine_settings['query_type'])

--- a/searx/engines/europepmc.py
+++ b/searx/engines/europepmc.py
@@ -1,150 +0,0 @@
-# SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
-"""`Europe PMC`_ provides comprehensive access to life sciences literature from
-trusted sources.  With Europe PMC you can search and read millions of
-publications, preprints and other documents enriched with links to supporting
-data, reviews, protocols, and other relevant resources.
-
-.. _Europe PMC: https://europepmc.org/
-
-Configuration
-=============
-
-.. code:: yaml
-
-   - name: europepmc
-     engine: europepmc
-     shortcut: epmc
-
-Implementations
-===============
-
-"""
-
-import typing as t
-
-from datetime import datetime
-from urllib.parse import urlencode
-
-from dateutil.parser import isoparse
-
-from searx.enginelib import EngineCache
-from searx.result_types import EngineResults
-from searx.utils import html_to_text
-
-if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
-    from searx.extended_types import SXNG_Response
-    from searx.search.processors import OnlineParams
-
-
-about = {
-    "website": "https://europepmc.org/",
-    "wikidata_id": "Q5412157",
-    "official_api_documentation": "https://europepmc.org/RestfulWebService",
-    "use_official_api": True,
-    "require_api_key": False,
-    "results": "JSON",
-}
-
-categories = ["science", "scientific publications"]
-paging = True
-
-# engine dependent config
-search_url = "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/search"
-article_url = "https://europepmc.org/article/"
-
-page_size = 20
-
-CACHE: EngineCache
-"""Cache for storing the pagination cursor."""
-
-
-def setup(engine_settings: dict[str, t.Any]):
-    global CACHE  # pylint: disable=global-statement
-    CACHE = EngineCache(engine_settings["name"])
-
-
-def _cache_key(query: str, page: int) -> str:
-    return f"{query}|{page}"
-
-
-def request(query: str, params: "OnlineParams") -> None:
-    args = {
-        "query": query,
-        "format": "json",
-        "resultType": "core",
-        "pageSize": page_size,
-    }
-
-    if params["pageno"] > 1:
-        if cursor := CACHE.get(_cache_key(query, params["pageno"])):
-            args["cursorMark"] = cursor
-        else:
-            # no cached cursor for that page
-            params["url"] = None
-            return
-
-    params["url"] = f"{search_url}?{urlencode(args)}"
-
-
-def response(resp: "SXNG_Response") -> EngineResults:
-    res = EngineResults()
-
-    json_resp = resp.json()
-
-    # store pagination cursor for loading next pages in cache
-    if next_cursor := json_resp.get("nextCursorMark"):
-        next_page = resp.search_params["pageno"] + 1
-        query = resp.search_params["query"]
-        CACHE.set(_cache_key(query, next_page), next_cursor)
-
-    all_results = json_resp.get("resultList", {}).get("result", [])
-
-    for item in all_results:
-        source = item.get("source", "")
-        identifier = item.get("id", "")
-        url = f"{article_url}{source}/{identifier}" if source and identifier else ""
-
-        journal_info: dict[str, t.Any] = item.get("journalInfo", {})
-        journal: dict[str, t.Any] = journal_info.get("journal", {})
-
-        res.add(
-            res.types.Paper(
-                url=url,
-                title=html_to_text(item.get("title", "")),
-                content=html_to_text(item.get("abstractText", "")),
-                journal=journal.get("title", ""),
-                issn=[journal.get("issn", "")],
-                authors=_get_authors(item),
-                doi=item.get("doi", ""),
-                publishedDate=_get_published_date(item),
-                type=", ".join((item.get("pubTypeList", {})).get("pubType", [])),
-                pdf_url=_get_pdf_url(item),
-                html_url=url,
-            )
-        )
-
-    return res
-
-
-def _get_authors(item: dict[str, t.Any]) -> list:
-    """Extract the list of authors from the item."""
-    if authors := item.get("authorString", None):
-        authors = [author.strip().rstrip(".") for author in authors.split(",") if author.strip()]
-    else:
-        authors = []
-    return authors
-
-
-def _get_pdf_url(item: dict[str, t.Any]) -> str:
-    """Extract the PDF URL in case it is open access."""
-    for url_info in (item.get("fullTextUrlList", {})).get("fullTextUrl", []):
-        if url_info.get("documentStyle") == "pdf" and url_info.get("availabilityCode") == "OA":
-            return url_info.get("url", "")
-    return ""
-
-
-def _get_published_date(item: dict[str, t.Any]) -> datetime | None:
-    """Extract the published date from the item and convert it to a datetime object."""
-    if unformatted_date := item.get("firstPublicationDate"):
-        return isoparse(unformatted_date)
-    return None
--- a/searx/engines/exaapi.py
+++ b/searx/engines/exaapi.py
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ content_max_characters: int = 500
 """Maximum characters for the requested content."""


-def setup(_: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool | None:
+def init(_):
    if not api_key:
        raise SearxEngineAPIException("No API key provided")
    if not 1 <= results_per_page <= 100:
--- a/searx/engines/fireball.py
+++ b/searx/engines/fireball.py
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ CACHE_VALID_DURATION = 30 * 24 * 3600  # one month, same as website
 """Duration how long settings cookies are valid."""


-def setup(engine_settings: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool | None:
+def init(engine_settings: dict[str, t.Any]):
    global CACHE  # pylint: disable=global-statement
    CACHE = EngineCache(engine_settings["name"])

--- a/searx/engines/gitea.py
+++ b/searx/engines/gitea.py
@@ -38,7 +38,6 @@ Implementation

 """

-import typing as t
 from urllib.parse import urlencode
 from dateutil import parser

@@ -78,7 +77,7 @@ page_size: int = 10
 """Maximum number of results per page (default 10)."""


-def setup(_: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool | None:
+def init(_):
    if not base_url:
        raise ValueError('gitea engine: base_url is unset')

--- a/searx/engines/github_code.py
+++ b/searx/engines/github_code.py
@@ -65,7 +65,6 @@ code lines are just relabeled (starting from 1) and appended (a disjoint set of
 code blocks in a single file might be returned from the API).
 """

-
 import typing as t
 from urllib.parse import urlencode

--- a/searx/engines/google.py
+++ b/searx/engines/google.py
@@ -9,15 +9,12 @@ engines:
 - :ref:`google scholar engine`
 - :ref:`google autocomplete`

-This implementation uses Nokia user agents to request an XML layout from Google.
-The normal web version requires executing JavaScript to load the results and
-therefore is currently not used here.  See `Google discussion`_ for more
-information on that topic.
-
-.. _Google discussion: https://github.com/searxng/searxng/issues/6359
 """

 import random
+import re
+import string
+import time
 import typing as t
 from urllib.parse import unquote, urlencode

@@ -47,16 +44,16 @@ about = {
    "official_api_documentation": "https://developers.google.com/custom-search/",
    "use_official_api": False,
    "require_api_key": False,
-    "results": "XML",
+    "results": "HTML",
 }

 # engine dependent config
 categories = ["general", "web"]
 paging = True
 max_page = 50
-"""Google supports up to 50 pages of results, see the `Google max_page discussion`_.
+"""`Google max 50 pages`_

-.. _Google max_page discussion: https://github.com/searxng/searxng/issues/2982
+.. _Google max 50 pages: https://github.com/searxng/searxng/issues/2982
 """
 time_range_support = True
 language_support = True
@@ -67,23 +64,38 @@ time_range_dict = {"day": "d", "week": "w", "month": "m", "year": "y"}
 # Filter results. 0: None, 1: Moderate, 2: Strict
 filter_mapping = {0: "off", 1: "medium", 2: "high"}

-# https://github.com/searxng/searxng/issues/6359
-nokia_useragents = (
-    "Nokia7610/2.0 (5.0509.0) SymbianOS/7.0s Series60/2.1 Profile/MIDP-2.0 Configuration/CLDC-1.0",
-    "Nokia7610/2.0 (7.0642.0) SymbianOS/7.0s Series60/2.1 Profile/MIDP-2.0 Configuration/CLDC-1.0",
-    "Nokia6230/2.0 (05.50) Profile/MIDP-2.0 Configuration/CLDC-1.1",
-    "Nokia6230i/2.0 (03.80) Profile/MIDP-2.0 Configuration/CLDC-1.1",
-    "Nokia6280/2.0 (03.60) Profile/MIDP-2.0 Configuration/CLDC-1.1",
-    "NokiaN72/2.0617.1.0.3 Series60/2.8 Profile/MIDP-2.0 Configuration/CLDC-1.1",
-)
-
-
 # specific xpath variables
 # ------------------------

 # Suggestions are links placed in a *card-section*, we extract only the text
 # from the links not the links itself.
-suggestion_xpath = '//table[contains(@class, "HExoMb")]//a[contains(@class, "ZWRArf")]'
+suggestion_xpath = '//div[contains(@class, "gGQDvd iIWm4b")]//a'
+
+
+_arcid_range = string.ascii_letters + string.digits + "_-"
+_arcid_random: tuple[str, int] | None = None
+
+
+def ui_async(start: int) -> str:
+    """Format of the response from UI's async request.
+
+    - ``arc_id:<...>,use_ac:true,_fmt:prog``
+
+    The arc_id is random generated every hour.
+    """
+    global _arcid_random  # pylint: disable=global-statement
+
+    use_ac = "use_ac:true"
+    # _fmt:html returns a HTTP 500 when user search for celebrities like
+    # '!google natasha allegri' or '!google chris evans'
+    _fmt = "_fmt:prog"
+
+    # create a new random arc_id every hour
+    if not _arcid_random or (int(time.time()) - _arcid_random[1]) > 3600:
+        _arcid_random = ("".join(random.choices(_arcid_range, k=23)), int(time.time()))
+    arc_id = f"arc_id:srp_{_arcid_random[0]}_1{start:02}"
+
+    return ",".join([arc_id, use_ac, _fmt])


 def get_google_info(params: "OnlineParams", eng_traits: EngineTraits) -> dict[str, t.Any]:
@@ -115,11 +127,19 @@ def get_google_info(params: "OnlineParams", eng_traits: EngineTraits) -> dict[st
            A instance of :py:obj:`babel.core.Locale` build from the
            ``searxng_locale`` value.

+        subdomain:
+            Google subdomain :py:obj:`google_domains` that fits to the country
+            code.
+
        params:
            Py-Dictionary with additional request arguments (can be passed to
            :py:func:`urllib.parse.urlencode`).

            - ``hl`` parameter: specifies the interface language of user interface.
+            - ``lr`` parameter: restricts search results to documents written in
+              a particular language.
+            - ``cr`` parameter: restricts search results to documents
+              originating in a particular country.
            - ``ie`` parameter: sets the character encoding scheme that should
              be used to interpret the query string ('utf8').
            - ``oe`` parameter: sets the character encoding scheme that should
@@ -136,6 +156,7 @@ def get_google_info(params: "OnlineParams", eng_traits: EngineTraits) -> dict[st
    ret_val: dict[str, t.Any] = {
        "language": None,
        "country": None,
+        "subdomain": None,
        "params": {},
        "headers": {},
        "cookies": {},
@@ -148,7 +169,7 @@ def get_google_info(params: "OnlineParams", eng_traits: EngineTraits) -> dict[st
    except babel.core.UnknownLocaleError:
        locale = None

-    eng_lang = eng_traits.get_language(sxng_locale) or "lang_en"
+    eng_lang = eng_traits.get_language(sxng_locale, "lang_en")
    lang_code = eng_lang.split("_")[-1]  # lang_zh-TW --> zh-TW / lang_en --> en
    country = eng_traits.get_region(sxng_locale, eng_traits.all_locale)

@@ -163,6 +184,7 @@ def get_google_info(params: "OnlineParams", eng_traits: EngineTraits) -> dict[st
    ret_val["language"] = eng_lang
    ret_val["country"] = country
    ret_val["locale"] = locale
+    ret_val["subdomain"] = eng_traits.custom["supported_domains"].get(country.upper(), "www.google.com")

    # hl parameter:
    #   The hl parameter specifies the interface language (host language) of
@@ -201,11 +223,9 @@ def get_google_info(params: "OnlineParams", eng_traits: EngineTraits) -> dict[st

    # specify a region (country) only if a region is given in the selected
    # locale --> https://github.com/searxng/searxng/issues/2672
-
-    if country is not None:
-        ret_val["params"]["cr"] = ""
-        if len(sxng_locale.split("-")) > 1:
-            ret_val["params"]["cr"] = "country" + country
+    ret_val["params"]["cr"] = ""
+    if len(sxng_locale.split("-")) > 1:
+        ret_val["params"]["cr"] = "country" + country

    # gl parameter: (mandatory by Google News)
    #   The gl parameter value is a two-letter country code. For WebSearch
@@ -280,78 +300,88 @@ def detect_google_sorry(resp: "SXNG_Response"):
        raise SearxEngineCaptchaException()


-def unwrap_google_url(raw_url: str) -> str:
-    # remove redirector from url
-    if raw_url.startswith("/url?q="):
-        return unquote(raw_url[7:].split("&sa=U")[0])
-    return raw_url
-
-
-def wml_dom(resp: "SXNG_Response"):
-    detect_google_sorry(resp)
-    text = resp.text
-    if text.lstrip().startswith("<?xml"):
-        text = text.split("?>", 1)[-1]
-    return html.fromstring(text)
-
-
-def google_request(
-    query: str,
-    params: "OnlineParams",
-    extra_args: dict[str, t.Any] | None = None,
-    *,
-    eng_traits: EngineTraits | None = None,
-    use_time_range: bool = True,
-    use_safesearch: bool = True,
-    safesearch_map: dict[int, str] | None = None,
-    use_locales: bool = True,
-) -> None:
-    google_info = get_google_info(params, eng_traits or traits)
-    if not use_locales:
-        google_info["params"].pop("lr")
-        google_info["params"].pop("cr")
-
-    start = (params["pageno"] - 1) * 10
-    args: dict[str, t.Any] = {
-        "q": query,
-        "sca_esv": "1",
-        **google_info["params"],
-        **(extra_args or {}),
-    }
-    if start:
-        args["start"] = start
-    if use_time_range and params["time_range"] in time_range_dict:
-        args["tbs"] = "qdr:" + time_range_dict[params["time_range"]]
-    if use_safesearch and params["safesearch"]:
-        args["safe"] = (safesearch_map or filter_mapping)[params["safesearch"]]
-
-    params["url"] = f"https://www.google.com/wml/search?{urlencode(args)}"
-    params["headers"]["User-Agent"] = random.choice(nokia_useragents)
-    params["impersonate"] = "chrome99_android"
-
-
 def request(query: str, params: "OnlineParams") -> None:
-    google_request(query, params)
+    """Google search request"""
+    # pylint: disable=line-too-long
+    start = (params["pageno"] - 1) * 10
+    google_info = get_google_info(params, traits)
+
+    # https://www.google.de/search?q=corona&hl=de&lr=lang_de&start=0&tbs=qdr%3Ad&safe=medium
+    query_url = (
+        "https://"
+        + google_info["subdomain"]
+        + "/search"
+        + "?"
+        + urlencode(
+            {
+                "q": query,
+                **google_info["params"],
+                "filter": "0",
+                "start": start,
+                # 'vet': '12ahUKEwik3ZbIzfn7AhXMX_EDHbUDBh0QxK8CegQIARAC..i',
+                # 'ved': '2ahUKEwik3ZbIzfn7AhXMX_EDHbUDBh0Q_skCegQIARAG',
+                # 'cs' : 1,
+                # 'sa': 'N',
+                # 'yv': 3,
+                # 'prmd': 'vin',
+                # 'ei': 'GASaY6TxOcy_xc8PtYeY6AE',
+                # 'sa': 'N',
+                # 'sstk': 'AcOHfVkD7sWCSAheZi-0tx_09XDO55gTWY0JNq3_V26cNN-c8lfD45aZYPI8s_Bqp8s57AHz5pxchDtAGCA_cikAWSjy9kw3kgg'
+                # formally known as use_mobile_ui
+                # "asearch": "arc",
+                # "async": str_async,
+            }
+        )
+    )
+
+    if params["time_range"] in time_range_dict:
+        query_url += "&" + urlencode({"tbs": "qdr:" + time_range_dict[params["time_range"]]})
+    if params["safesearch"]:
+        query_url += "&" + urlencode({"safe": filter_mapping[params["safesearch"]]})
+    params["url"] = query_url
+
+    params["cookies"] = google_info["cookies"]
+    params["headers"].update(google_info["headers"])


-def response(resp: "SXNG_Response") -> EngineResults:
+# regex match to get image map that is found inside the returned javascript:
+# (function(){var s='...';var i=['...'] ...}
+RE_DATA_IMAGE = re.compile(r"(data:image[^']*?)'[^']*?'((?:dimg|pimg|tsuid)[^']*)")
+
+
+def parse_url_images(text: str):
+    data_image_map = {}
+
+    for image_url, img_id in RE_DATA_IMAGE.findall(text):
+        data_image_map[img_id] = image_url.encode('utf-8').decode("unicode-escape")
+    logger.debug("data:image objects --> %s", list(data_image_map.keys()))
+    return data_image_map
+
+
+def response(resp: "SXNG_Response"):
+    """Get response from google's search request"""
+    # pylint: disable=too-many-branches, too-many-statements
+    detect_google_sorry(resp)
+    data_image_map = parse_url_images(resp.text)
+
    results = EngineResults()
-    dom = wml_dom(resp)
+
+    # convert the text to dom
+    dom = html.fromstring(resp.text)

    # parse results
-    for result in eval_xpath_list(dom, '//div[contains(@class, "zMzFAb")]'):
+    for result in eval_xpath_list(dom, '//a[@data-ved and not(@class)]'):
+        # pylint: disable=too-many-nested-blocks

        try:
-            title_tag = eval_xpath_getindex(
-                result, './/a[contains(@class, "fuLhoc")]//span[contains(@class, "CVA68e")]', 0, default=None
-            )
+            title_tag = eval_xpath_getindex(result, './/div[@style]', 0, default=None)
            if title_tag is None:
                # this not one of the common google results *section*
                logger.debug("ignoring item from the result_xpath list: missing title")
                continue
            title = extract_text(title_tag)

-            raw_url = eval_xpath_getindex(result, './/a[contains(@class, "fuLhoc")]/@href', 0, default=None)
+            raw_url = result.get("href")
            if raw_url is None:
                logger.debug(
                    'ignoring item from the result_xpath list: missing url of title "%s"',
@@ -359,19 +389,30 @@ def response(resp: "SXNG_Response") -> EngineResults:
                )
                continue

-            url = unwrap_google_url(raw_url)
-            content = extract_text(
-                eval_xpath(result, './/div[contains(@class, "taTFJ")]//span[contains(@class, "FrIlee")]')
-            )
-            thumbnail = eval_xpath_getindex(result, './/img[contains(@src, "encrypted-tbn")]/@src', 0, default=None)
-            results.add(
-                results.types.MainResult(
-                    url=url,
-                    title=title or "",
-                    content=content or "",
-                    thumbnail=thumbnail or "",
-                )
-            )
+            if raw_url.startswith('/url?q='):
+                url = unquote(raw_url[7:].split("&sa=U")[0])  # remove the google redirector
+            else:
+                url = raw_url
+
+            content_nodes = eval_xpath(result, '../..//div[contains(@class, "ilUpNd H66NU aSRlid")]')
+            for item in content_nodes:
+                for script in item.xpath(".//script"):
+                    script.getparent().remove(script)
+
+            content = extract_text(content_nodes[0])
+
+            # Images that are NOT the favicon
+            xpath_image = eval_xpath_getindex(result, './/img', index=0, default=None)
+
+            thumbnail = None
+            if xpath_image is not None:
+                thumbnail = xpath_image.get("src")
+                if thumbnail.startswith("data:image"):
+                    img_id = xpath_image.get("id")
+                    if img_id:
+                        thumbnail = data_image_map.get(img_id)
+
+            results.append({"url": url, "title": title, "content": content or '', "thumbnail": thumbnail})

        except Exception as e:  # pylint: disable=broad-except
            logger.error(e, exc_info=True)
@@ -379,8 +420,10 @@ def response(resp: "SXNG_Response") -> EngineResults:

    # parse suggestion
    for suggestion in eval_xpath_list(dom, suggestion_xpath):
-        results.add(results.types.LegacyResult(suggestion=extract_text(suggestion)))
+        # append suggestion
+        results.append({"suggestion": extract_text(suggestion)})

+    # return results
    return results


@@ -413,12 +456,14 @@ skip_countries = [
 ]


-def fetch_traits(engine_traits: EngineTraits):
+def fetch_traits(engine_traits: EngineTraits, add_domains: bool = True):
    """Fetch languages from Google."""
    # pylint: disable=import-outside-toplevel, too-many-branches

    from searx.network import get  # see https://github.com/searxng/searxng/issues/762

+    engine_traits.custom["supported_domains"] = {}
+
    resp = get("https://www.google.com/preferences", timeout=5)
    if not resp.ok:
        raise RuntimeError("Response from Google preferences is not OK.")
@@ -469,3 +514,22 @@ def fetch_traits(engine_traits: EngineTraits):

    # alias regions
    engine_traits.regions["zh-CN"] = "HK"
+
+    # supported domains
+
+    if add_domains:
+        resp = get("https://www.google.com/supported_domains", timeout=5)
+        if not resp.ok:
+            raise RuntimeError("Response from Google supported domains is not OK.")
+
+        for domain in resp.text.split():
+            domain = domain.strip()
+            if not domain or domain in [
+                ".google.com",
+            ]:
+                continue
+            region = domain.split(".")[-1].upper()
+            engine_traits.custom["supported_domains"][region] = "www" + domain
+            if region == "HK":
+                # There is no google.cn, we use .com.hk for zh-CN
+                engine_traits.custom["supported_domains"]["CN"] = "www" + domain
--- a/searx/engines/google_cse.py
+++ b/searx/engines/google_cse.py
@@ -30,7 +30,6 @@ about = {

 categories = ["general", "web"]
 paging = True
-enable_http3 = True
 max_page = 5
 page_size = 20
 time_range_support = True
@@ -96,11 +95,12 @@ def request(query: str, params: "OnlineParams") -> None:
    token = _cse_token()

    google_info = get_google_info(params, traits)
+    info: dict[str, str] = google_info["params"]

    args = {
        "rsz": "filtered_cse",
        "num": str(page_size),
-        "hl": google_info["params"]["hl"],
+        "hl": info["hl"],
        "cselibv": token["cselibv"],
        "cx": CX,
        "q": query,
@@ -114,6 +114,10 @@ def request(query: str, params: "OnlineParams") -> None:
        start_date, end_date = _get_start_and_end_date_str(params["time_range"])
        args["sort"] = f"date:r:{start_date}:{end_date}"

+    if info.get("lr"):
+        args["lr"] = info["lr"]
+    if info.get("cr"):
+        args["cr"] = info["cr"]
    if google_info["country"] not in (None, "ZZ"):
        args["gl"] = google_info["country"]
    if token["exp"]:
--- a/searx/engines/google_images.py
+++ b/searx/engines/google_images.py
@@ -1,76 +1,122 @@
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
-"""Google Images: see :py:obj:`searx.engines.google`."""
+"""This is the implementation of the Google Images engine using the internal
+Google API used by the Google Go Android app.

-import typing as t
-from urllib.parse import parse_qs, unquote, urlparse
+This internal API offer results in
+
+- JSON (``_fmt:json``)
+- Protobuf_ (``_fmt:pb``)
+- Protobuf_ compressed? (``_fmt:pc``)
+- HTML (``_fmt:html``)
+- Protobuf_ encoded in JSON (``_fmt:jspb``).
+
+.. _Protobuf: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protocol_Buffers
+"""
+
+from urllib.parse import urlencode
+from json import loads

 from searx.engines.google import fetch_traits  # pylint: disable=unused-import
-from searx.engines.google import google_request, wml_dom
-from searx.result_types import EngineResults
-from searx.utils import eval_xpath_list
-
-if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
-    from searx.extended_types import SXNG_Response
-    from searx.search.processors import OnlineParams
+from searx.engines.google import (
+    get_google_info,
+    time_range_dict,
+    detect_google_sorry,
+)

 # about
 about = {
-    "website": "https://images.google.com",
-    "wikidata_id": "Q521550",
-    "official_api_documentation": "https://developers.google.com/custom-search",
+    "website": 'https://images.google.com',
+    "wikidata_id": 'Q521550',
+    "official_api_documentation": 'https://developers.google.com/custom-search',
    "use_official_api": False,
    "require_api_key": False,
-    "results": "XML",
+    "results": 'JSON',
 }

 # engine dependent config
-categories = ["images", "web"]
+categories = ['images', 'web']
 paging = True
-enable_http3 = True
 max_page = 50
-"""Google supports up to 50 pages of results, see the `Google max_page discussion`_.
+"""`Google max 50 pages`_

-.. _Google max_page discussion: https://github.com/searxng/searxng/issues/2982
+.. _Google max 50 pages: https://github.com/searxng/searxng/issues/2982
 """

 time_range_support = True
 language_support = True
 safesearch = True

-filter_mapping = {0: "images", 1: "active", 2: "active"}
+filter_mapping = {0: 'images', 1: 'active', 2: 'active'}


-def request(query: str, params: "OnlineParams") -> None:
-    google_request(
-        query,
-        params,
-        {"tbm": "isch"},
-        eng_traits=traits,
-        safesearch_map=filter_mapping,
-        use_locales=False,
+def request(query, params):
+    """Google-Image search request"""
+
+    google_info = get_google_info(params, traits)
+
+    query_url = (
+        'https://'
+        + google_info['subdomain']
+        + '/search'
+        + '?'
+        + urlencode({'q': query, 'tbm': "isch", **google_info['params'], 'asearch': 'isch'})
+        # don't urlencode this because wildly different AND bad results
+        # pagination uses Zero-based numbering
+        + f'&async=_fmt:json,p:1,ijn:{params["pageno"] - 1}'
    )

+    if params['time_range'] in time_range_dict:
+        query_url += '&' + urlencode({'tbs': 'qdr:' + time_range_dict[params['time_range']]})
+    if params['safesearch']:
+        query_url += '&' + urlencode({'safe': filter_mapping[params['safesearch']]})
+    params['url'] = query_url
+    params['cookies'] = google_info['cookies']
+    params['headers'].update(google_info['headers'])
+    # this ua will allow getting ~50 results instead of 10. #1641
+    params['headers']['User-Agent'] = (
+        'NSTN/3.60.474802233.release Dalvik/2.1.0 (Linux; U; Android 12;' f' {google_info.get("country", "US")}) gzip'
+    )

-def response(resp: "SXNG_Response") -> EngineResults:
-    results = EngineResults()
-    dom = wml_dom(resp)
+    return params

-    for link in eval_xpath_list(dom, '//a[contains(@href, "/imgres?")]'):
-        qs = parse_qs(urlparse(link.get("href", "")).query)
-        img_src = qs.get("imgurl", [""])[0]
-        url = qs.get("imgrefurl", [""])[0]
-        if not img_src or not url:
-            continue
-        width, height = qs.get("w", [""])[0], qs.get("h", [""])[0]
-        tbnid = qs.get("tbnid", [""])[0]
-        results.add(
-            results.types.Image(
-                url=url,
-                title=unquote(urlparse(img_src).path.rsplit("/", 1)[-1]) or urlparse(url).netloc,
-                img_src=img_src,
-                thumbnail_src=f"https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:{tbnid}",
-                resolution=f"{width} x {height}" if width and height else "",
-            )
-        )
+
+def response(resp):
+    """Get response from google's search request"""
+    results = []
+
+    detect_google_sorry(resp)
+
+    json_start = resp.text.find('{"ischj":')
+    json_data = loads(resp.text[json_start:])
+
+    for item in json_data["ischj"].get("metadata", []):
+        result_item = {
+            'url': item["result"]["referrer_url"],
+            'title': item["result"]["page_title"],
+            'content': item["text_in_grid"]["snippet"],
+            'source': item["result"]["site_title"],
+            'resolution': f'{item["original_image"]["width"]} x {item["original_image"]["height"]}',
+            'img_src': item["original_image"]["url"],
+            'thumbnail_src': item["thumbnail"]["url"],
+            'template': 'images.html',
+        }
+
+        author = item["result"].get('iptc', {}).get('creator')
+        if author:
+            result_item['author'] = ', '.join(author)
+
+        copyright_notice = item["result"].get('iptc', {}).get('copyright_notice')
+        if copyright_notice:
+            result_item['source'] += ' | ' + copyright_notice
+
+        freshness_date = item["result"].get("freshness_date")
+        if freshness_date:
+            result_item['source'] += ' | ' + freshness_date
+
+        file_size = item.get('gsa', {}).get('file_size')
+        if file_size:
+            result_item['source'] += ' (%s)' % file_size
+
+        results.append(result_item)

    return results
--- a/searx/engines/google_news.py
+++ b/searx/engines/google_news.py
@@ -1,91 +1,325 @@
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
-"""Google News: see :py:obj:`searx.engines.google`."""
+"""This is the implementation of the Google News engine.
+
+Google News has a different region handling compared to Google WEB.
+
+- the ``ceid`` argument has to be set (:py:obj:`ceid_list`)
+- the hl_ argument has to be set correctly (and different to Google WEB)
+- the gl_ argument is mandatory
+
+If one of this argument is not set correctly, the request is redirected to
+CONSENT dialog::
+
+  https://consent.google.com/m?continue=
+
+The google news API ignores some parameters from the common :ref:`google API`:
+
+- num_ : the number of search results is ignored / there is no paging all
+  results for a query term are in the first response.
+- save_ : is ignored / Google-News results are always *SafeSearch*
+
+.. _hl: https://developers.google.com/custom-search/docs/xml_results#hlsp
+.. _gl: https://developers.google.com/custom-search/docs/xml_results#glsp
+.. _num: https://developers.google.com/custom-search/docs/xml_results#numsp
+.. _save: https://developers.google.com/custom-search/docs/xml_results#safesp
+"""

 import typing as t

-from searx.engines.google import fetch_traits  # pylint: disable=unused-import
-from searx.engines.google import google_request, unwrap_google_url, wml_dom
-from searx.result_types import EngineResults
+import json
+import base64
+from urllib.parse import urlencode
+from lxml import html
+import babel
+
+from searx import locales
 from searx.utils import (
-    eval_xpath_getindex,
+    eval_xpath,
    eval_xpath_list,
+    eval_xpath_getindex,
    extract_text,
 )

+from searx.engines.google import fetch_traits as _fetch_traits  # pylint: disable=unused-import
+from searx.engines.google import (
+    get_google_info,
+    detect_google_sorry,
+)
+from searx.enginelib.traits import EngineTraits
+
+from searx.result_types import EngineResults
+
 if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
    from searx.extended_types import SXNG_Response
    from searx.search.processors import OnlineParams

 # about
 about = {
-    "website": "https://www.google.com",
+    "website": "https://news.google.com",
    "wikidata_id": "Q12020",
    "official_api_documentation": "https://developers.google.com/custom-search",
    "use_official_api": False,
    "require_api_key": False,
-    "results": "XML",
+    "results": "HTML",
 }

 # engine dependent config
 categories = ["news"]
-paging = True
-max_page = 50
-"""Google supports up to 50 pages of results, see the `Google max_page discussion`_.
-
-.. _Google max_page discussion: https://github.com/searxng/searxng/issues/2982
-"""
+paging = False
 time_range_support = False
 language_support = True
-safesearch = False
+
+# Google-News results are always *SafeSearch*. Option 'safesearch' is set to
+# False here.
+#
+#  safesearch : results are identical for safesearch=0 and safesearch=2
+safesearch = True
+base_url: str = "https://news.google.com"


 def request(query: str, params: "OnlineParams") -> None:
-    google_request(
-        query,
-        params,
-        {"tbm": "nws"},
-        eng_traits=traits,
-        use_time_range=False,
-        use_safesearch=False,
-        use_locales=False,
+    """Google-News search request"""
+
+    sxng_locale = params.get("searxng_locale", "en-US")
+    ceid: str = locales.get_engine_locale(
+        sxng_locale, traits.custom["ceid"], default="US:en"
+    )  # pyright: ignore[reportAssignmentType]
+    google_info = get_google_info(params, traits)
+    google_info["subdomain"] = "news.google.com"  # google news has only one domain
+
+    ceid_region, ceid_lang = ceid.split(":")
+    ceid_lang, ceid_suffix = (
+        ceid_lang.split(":")
+        + [
+            "",
+        ]
+    )[:2]
+
+    google_info["params"]["hl"] = ceid_lang
+
+    if ceid_suffix and ceid_suffix not in ["Hans", "Hant"]:
+
+        if ceid_region.lower() == ceid_lang:
+            google_info["params"]["hl"] = ceid_lang + "-" + ceid_region
+        else:
+            google_info["params"]["hl"] = ceid_lang + "-" + ceid_suffix
+
+    elif ceid_region.lower() != ceid_lang:
+
+        if ceid_region in ["AT", "BE", "CH", "IL", "SA", "IN", "BD", "PT"]:
+            google_info["params"]["hl"] = ceid_lang
+        else:
+            google_info["params"]["hl"] = ceid_lang + "-" + ceid_region
+
+    google_info["params"]["lr"] = "lang_" + ceid_lang.split("-")[0]
+    google_info["params"]["gl"] = ceid_region
+
+    query_url = (
+        "https://"
+        + google_info["subdomain"]
+        + "/search?"
+        + urlencode(
+            {"q": query, **google_info["params"]},
+        )
+        # ceid includes a ':' character which must not be urlencoded
+        + ("&ceid=%s" % ceid)
    )

-
-def _span_text(link, css_class: str):
-    return extract_text(
-        eval_xpath_getindex(link, f'.//span[contains(@class, "{css_class}")]', 0, default=None),
-        allow_none=True,
-    )
+    params["url"] = query_url
+    params["cookies"] = google_info["cookies"]
+    params["headers"].update(google_info["headers"])


 def response(resp: "SXNG_Response") -> EngineResults:
-    results = EngineResults()
-    seen = set()
-    for link in eval_xpath_list(wml_dom(resp), '//a[contains(@href, "/url?q=")]'):
-        href = link.get("href")
-        if not href:
+    """Get response from google's search request"""
+
+    res = EngineResults()
+
+    detect_google_sorry(resp)
+
+    # convert the text to dom
+    dom = html.fromstring(resp.text)
+
+    for result in eval_xpath_list(dom, "//div[@jslog and @data-n-tid and @jsdata]"):
+
+        url: str = eval_xpath_getindex(result, "./a[@target='_blank']/@href", 0, default=0)
+        if not url:
+            continue
+        if url.startswith("./"):
+            url = base_url + url[1:]
+
+        # The real URL is often encoded in the "jslog" attribute
+        jslog: str | None = eval_xpath_getindex(result, "./a[@target='_blank']/@jslog", 0, default=None)
+
+        # Try to extract the real URL from jslog
+        real_url: str | None = None
+        if jslog:
+            # jslog format is usually: "95014; 5:<base64>; track:click,vis".  We
+            # want the second part (index 1) after splitting by ";"
+            parts: list[str] = jslog.split(";")
+            if len(parts) > 1:
+                b64_data: str = parts[1].split(":")[-1].strip()
+                # Pad base64 if necessary
+                b64_data += "=" * (-len(b64_data) % 4)
+                decoded_data: list[str | None] = json.loads(base64.b64decode(b64_data).decode("utf-8"))
+                # The URL is typically the last element in the decoded array
+                if (
+                    isinstance(decoded_data, list)
+                    and isinstance(decoded_data[-1], str)
+                    and decoded_data[-1].startswith("http")
+                ):
+                    real_url = decoded_data[-1]
+        if real_url:
+            url = real_url
+        else:
+            logger.error(f"no real-url found: {url}")
            continue

-        url = unwrap_google_url(href)
-        if url in seen or "google.com/search" in url:
-            continue
+        title = extract_text(eval_xpath(result, "./h4")) or ""

-        title = _span_text(link, "M3vVJe") or _span_text(link, "fuLhoc")
-        if not title:
-            continue
+        # The pub_date is mostly a string like 'yesterday', not a real timezone
+        # date or time.  Therefore we can't use publishedDate and place the
+        # *pub* sting into the content.

-        source = _span_text(link, "dXDvrc")
-        pub_date = _span_text(link, "YVIcad")
-        thumbnail = eval_xpath_getindex(link, './/img[contains(@src, "encrypted-tbn")]/@src', 0, default=None)
+        pub_date = extract_text(eval_xpath(result, ".//time"))
+        pub_origin = extract_text(eval_xpath(result, ".//div[contains(@class, 'vr1PYe')]"))
+        content = " / ".join([x for x in [pub_origin, pub_date] if x])

-        seen.add(url)
-        results.add(
-            results.types.MainResult(
+        thumbnail: str = eval_xpath_getindex(result, ".//figure/img/@src", 0, default="")
+        if thumbnail and thumbnail.startswith("/"):
+            thumbnail = base_url + thumbnail
+
+        res.add(
+            res.types.MainResult(
                url=url,
                title=title,
-                content=" / ".join(x for x in [source, pub_date] if x),
-                thumbnail=thumbnail or "",
+                content=content,
+                thumbnail=thumbnail,
            )
        )

-    return results
+    return res
+
+
+ceid_list = [
+    "AE:ar",
+    "AR:es-419",
+    "AT:de",
+    "AU:en",
+    "BD:bn",
+    "BE:fr",
+    "BE:nl",
+    "BG:bg",
+    "BR:pt-419",
+    "BW:en",
+    "CA:en",
+    "CA:fr",
+    "CH:de",
+    "CH:fr",
+    "CL:es-419",
+    "CN:zh-Hans",
+    "CO:es-419",
+    "CU:es-419",
+    "CZ:cs",
+    "DE:de",
+    "EE:et",
+    "EG:ar",
+    "ES:ca",
+    "ES:es",
+    "ET:en",
+    "FI:fi",
+    "FR:fr",
+    "GB:en",
+    "GH:en",
+    "GR:el",
+    "HK:zh-Hant",
+    "HU:hu",
+    "ID:en",
+    "ID:id",
+    "IE:en",
+    "IL:en",
+    "IL:he",
+    "IN:bn",
+    "IN:en",
+    "IN:gu",
+    "IN:hi",
+    "IN:ml",
+    "IN:mr",
+    "IN:pa",
+    "IN:ta",
+    "IN:te",
+    "IT:it",
+    "JP:ja",
+    "KE:en",
+    "KR:ko",
+    "LB:ar",
+    "LT:lt",
+    "LV:en",
+    "LV:lv",
+    "MA:fr",
+    "MY:en",
+    "MY:ms",
+    "NA:en",
+    "NG:en",
+    "NL:nl",
+    "NO:no",
+    "NZ:en",
+    "PH:en",
+    "PK:en",
+    "PL:pl",
+    "RO:ro",
+    "RS:sr",
+    "RU:ru",
+    "SA:ar",
+    "SE:sv",
+    "SG:en",
+    "SI:sl",
+    "SK:sk",
+    "SN:fr",
+    "TH:th",
+    "TR:tr",
+    "TZ:en",
+    "UA:ru",
+    "UA:uk",
+    "UG:en",
+    "US:en",
+    "VN:vi",
+    "ZA:en",
+    "ZW:en",
+]
+"""List of region/language combinations supported by Google News.  Values of the
+``ceid`` argument of the Google News REST API."""
+
+
+_skip_values = [
+    "ET:en",  # english (ethiopia)
+    "ID:en",  # english (indonesia)
+    "LV:en",  # english (latvia)
+]
+
+_ceid_locale_map = {"NO:no": "nb-NO"}
+
+
+def fetch_traits(engine_traits: EngineTraits):
+    _fetch_traits(engine_traits, add_domains=False)
+
+    engine_traits.custom["ceid"] = {}
+
+    for ceid in ceid_list:
+        if ceid in _skip_values:
+            continue
+
+        region, lang = ceid.split(":")
+        x = lang.split("-")
+        if len(x) > 1:
+            if x[1] not in ["Hant", "Hans"]:
+                lang = x[0]
+
+        sxng_locale = _ceid_locale_map.get(ceid, lang + "-" + region)
+        try:
+            locale = babel.Locale.parse(sxng_locale, sep="-")
+        except babel.UnknownLocaleError:
+            print("ERROR: %s -> %s is unknown by babel" % (ceid, sxng_locale))
+            continue
+
+        engine_traits.custom["ceid"][locales.region_tag(locale)] = ceid
--- a/searx/engines/google_play.py
+++ b/searx/engines/google_play.py
@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ about = {
 }

 play_categ = None  # apps|movies
-enable_http3 = True
 base_url = 'https://play.google.com'
 search_url = base_url + "/store/search?{query}&c={play_categ}"

--- a/searx/engines/google_scholar.py
+++ b/searx/engines/google_scholar.py
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ import typing as t
 from urllib.parse import urlencode
 from datetime import datetime
 from lxml import html
-from curl_cffi.requests.exceptions import TooManyRedirects
+import httpx

 from searx.utils import (
    eval_xpath,
@@ -63,7 +63,6 @@ about = {
 # engine dependent config
 categories = ["science", "scientific publications"]
 paging = True
-enable_http3 = True
 max_page = 50
 """`Google max 50 pages`_

@@ -78,6 +77,8 @@ def request(query: str, params: "OnlineParams") -> None:
    """Google-Scholar search request"""

    google_info = get_google_info(params, traits)
+    # subdomain is: scholar.google.xy
+    google_info["subdomain"] = google_info["subdomain"].replace("www.", "scholar.")

    args = {
        "q": query,
@@ -88,7 +89,7 @@ def request(query: str, params: "OnlineParams") -> None:
    }
    args.update(time_range_args(params))

-    params["url"] = "https://scholar.google.com/scholar?" + urlencode(args)
+    params["url"] = "https://" + google_info["subdomain"] + "/scholar?" + urlencode(args)
    params["cookies"] = google_info["cookies"]
    params["headers"].update(google_info["headers"])

@@ -103,7 +104,7 @@ def response(resp: "SXNG_Response") -> EngineResults:  # pylint: disable=too-man
            raise SearxEngineAccessDeniedException(
                message="google_scholar: unusual traffic detected",
            )
-        raise TooManyRedirects(f"location {resp.headers['Location'].split('?')[0]}")
+        raise httpx.TooManyRedirects(f"location {resp.headers['Location'].split('?')[0]}")

    res = EngineResults()
    dom = html.fromstring(resp.text)
--- a/searx/engines/google_videos.py
+++ b/searx/engines/google_videos.py
@@ -1,85 +1,186 @@
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
-"""Google Videos: see :py:obj:`searx.engines.google`."""
+"""This is the implementation of the Google Videos engine.

-import typing as t
+.. admonition:: Content-Security-Policy (CSP)
+
+   This engine needs to allow images from the `data URLs`_ (prefixed with the
+   ``data:`` scheme)::
+
+     Header set Content-Security-Policy "img-src 'self' data: ;"
+
+.. _data URLs:
+   https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Basics_of_HTTP/Data_URIs
+"""
+
+import re
+from urllib.parse import urlencode, urlparse, parse_qs, unquote
+from lxml import html

-from searx.engines.google import fetch_traits  # pylint: disable=unused-import
-from searx.engines.google import google_request, unwrap_google_url, wml_dom
-from searx.result_types import EngineResults
 from searx.utils import (
-    eval_xpath_getindex,
    eval_xpath_list,
+    eval_xpath_getindex,
    extract_text,
-    parse_duration_string,
 )

-if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
-    from searx.extended_types import SXNG_Response
-    from searx.search.processors import OnlineParams
+from searx.engines.google import fetch_traits  # pylint: disable=unused-import
+from searx.engines.google import (
+    get_google_info,
+    time_range_dict,
+    filter_mapping,
+    suggestion_xpath,
+    detect_google_sorry,
+    ui_async,
+)
+from searx.utils import get_embeded_stream_url

 # about
 about = {
-    "website": "https://www.google.com",
-    "wikidata_id": "Q219885",
-    "official_api_documentation": "https://developers.google.com/custom-search",
+    "website": 'https://www.google.com',
+    "wikidata_id": 'Q219885',
+    "official_api_documentation": 'https://developers.google.com/custom-search',
    "use_official_api": False,
    "require_api_key": False,
-    "results": "XML",
+    "results": 'HTML',
 }

 # engine dependent config
-categories = ["videos", "web"]
+categories = ['videos', 'web']
 paging = True
 max_page = 50
-"""Google supports up to 50 pages of results, see the `Google max_page discussion`_.
-
-.. _Google max_page discussion: https://github.com/searxng/searxng/issues/2982
-"""
 language_support = True
 time_range_support = True
 safesearch = True


-def request(query: str, params: "OnlineParams") -> None:
-    google_request(
-        query,
-        params,
-        {"tbm": "vid"},
-        eng_traits=traits,
-        use_locales=False,
+# =26;[3,"dimg_ZNMiZPCqE4apxc8P3a2tuAQ_137"]a87;data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABA
+# ...6T+9Nl4cnD+gr9OK8I56/tX3l86nWYw//2Q==26;
+RE_DATA_IMAGE = re.compile(r'"(dimg_[^"]*)"[^;]*;(data:image[^;]*;[^;]*);?')
+
+
+def parse_data_images(text: str):
+    data_image_map = {}
+
+    for img_id, data_image in RE_DATA_IMAGE.findall(text):
+        end_pos = data_image.rfind("=")
+        if end_pos > 0:
+            data_image = data_image[: end_pos + 1]
+        data_image_map[img_id] = data_image
+    logger.debug("data:image objects --> %s", list(data_image_map.keys()))
+    return data_image_map
+
+
+def request(query, params):
+    """Google-Video search request"""
+    google_info = get_google_info(params, traits)
+    start = (params['pageno'] - 1) * 10
+
+    query_url = (
+        'https://'
+        + google_info['subdomain']
+        + '/search'
+        + "?"
+        + urlencode(
+            {
+                'q': query,
+                'tbm': "vid",
+                'start': start,
+                **google_info['params'],
+                'asearch': 'arc',
+                'async': ui_async(start),
+            }
+        )
    )

+    if params['time_range'] in time_range_dict:
+        query_url += '&' + urlencode({'tbs': 'qdr:' + time_range_dict[params['time_range']]})
+    if 'safesearch' in params:
+        query_url += '&' + urlencode({'safe': filter_mapping[params['safesearch']]})
+    params['url'] = query_url

-def response(resp: "SXNG_Response") -> EngineResults:
-    results = EngineResults()
+    params['cookies'] = google_info['cookies']
+    params['headers'].update(google_info['headers'])
+    return params

-    for result in eval_xpath_list(wml_dom(resp), '//div[contains(@class, "zMzFAb")]'):
+
+def response(resp):
+    """Get response from google's search request"""
+    results = []
+
+    detect_google_sorry(resp)
+    data_image_map = parse_data_images(resp.text)
+
+    # convert the text to dom
+    dom = html.fromstring(resp.text)
+
+    result_divs = eval_xpath_list(dom, '//div[contains(@class, "MjjYud")]')
+
+    # parse results
+    for result in result_divs:
        title = extract_text(
-            eval_xpath_getindex(result, './/span[contains(@class, "CVA68e")]', 0, default=None),
+            eval_xpath_getindex(result, './/h3[contains(@class, "LC20lb")] | .//div[@role="heading"]', 0, default=None),
            allow_none=True,
        )
-        raw_url = eval_xpath_getindex(result, './/a[contains(@class, "fuLhoc")]/@href', 0, default=None)
-        if not title or not raw_url:
-            continue
-
-        url = unwrap_google_url(raw_url)
-        thumbnail = eval_xpath_getindex(result, './/img[contains(@class, "SygO9d")]/@src', 0, default="")
-        if "/default.jpg" in thumbnail:
-            thumbnail = thumbnail.split("?")[0].replace("/default.jpg", "/hqdefault.jpg")
-        length = None
-        for span in eval_xpath_list(result, './/span[contains(@class, "YVIcad")]'):
-            length = parse_duration_string(extract_text(span) or "")
-            if length:
-                break
-
-        results.add(
-            results.types.MainResult(
-                url=url,
-                title=title,
-                thumbnail=thumbnail,
-                length=length,
-                template="videos.html",
-            )
+        url = eval_xpath_getindex(
+            result, './/a[@jsname="UWckNb"]/@href | .//a[contains(@href, "/url?q=")]/@href', 0, default=None
        )
+        if url and url.startswith('/url?q='):
+            url = unquote(url[7:].split('&sa=U')[0])
+
+        content = extract_text(
+            eval_xpath_getindex(result, './/div[contains(@class, "ITZIwc")]', 0, default=None), allow_none=True
+        )
+        pub_info = extract_text(
+            eval_xpath_getindex(
+                result, './/div[contains(@class, "gqF9jc")] | .//div[contains(@class, "WRu9Cd")]', 0, default=None
+            ),
+            allow_none=True,
+        )
+        # Broader XPath to find any <img> element
+        thumbnail = eval_xpath_getindex(result, './/img/@src', 0, default=None)
+        duration = extract_text(
+            eval_xpath_getindex(result, './/span[contains(@class, "k1U36b")]', 0, default=None), allow_none=True
+        )
+        video_id = eval_xpath_getindex(result, './/div[@jscontroller="rTuANe"]/@data-vid', 0, default=None)
+
+        # Fallback for video_id from URL if not found via XPath
+        if not video_id and url and 'youtube.com' in url:
+            parsed_url = urlparse(url)
+            video_id = parse_qs(parsed_url.query).get('v', [None])[0]
+
+        # Handle thumbnail
+        if thumbnail and thumbnail.startswith('data:image'):
+            img_id = eval_xpath_getindex(result, './/img/@id', 0, default=None)
+            if img_id and img_id in data_image_map:
+                thumbnail = data_image_map[img_id]
+            else:
+                thumbnail = None
+        if not thumbnail and video_id:
+            thumbnail = f"https://img.youtube.com/vi/{video_id}/hqdefault.jpg"
+
+        # Handle video embed URL
+        embed_url = None
+        if video_id:
+            embed_url = get_embeded_stream_url(f"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v={video_id}")
+        elif url:
+            embed_url = get_embeded_stream_url(url)
+
+        # Only append results with valid title and url
+        if title and url:
+            results.append(
+                {
+                    'url': url,
+                    'title': title,
+                    'content': content or '',
+                    'author': pub_info,
+                    'thumbnail': thumbnail,
+                    'length': duration,
+                    'iframe_src': embed_url,
+                    'template': 'videos.html',
+                }
+            )
+
+    # parse suggestion
+    for suggestion in eval_xpath_list(dom, suggestion_xpath):
+        results.append({'suggestion': extract_text(suggestion)})

    return results
--- a/searx/engines/heexy.py
+++ b/searx/engines/heexy.py
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
+"""Heexy_ is a minimalist search engine that focuses on privacy.
+
+Although it also supports news and videos, these are not implemented here
+because they usually return no result to very few irrelevant ones.
+
+It seems to use Bing internally, as the image thumbnails are loaded from Bing.
+
+.. _Heexy: https://docs.heexy.org/introduction
+
+"""
+
+from urllib.parse import urlencode
+
+import typing as t
+
+from searx.enginelib import EngineCache
+from searx.network import get
+from searx.exceptions import SearxEngineAPIException, SearxEngineAccessDeniedException
+from searx.result_types import EngineResults
+from searx.utils import gen_useragent
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from searx.extended_types import SXNG_Response
+    from searx.search.processors import OnlineParams
+
+about = {
+    "website": "https://heexy.org",
+    "wikidata_id": None,
+    "official_api_documentation": None,
+    "use_official_api": False,
+    "require_api_key": False,
+    "results": "JSON",
+}
+
+paging = True
+safesearch = True
+
+categories = ["general"]
+heexy_categ = "web"
+"""Category to search in. Can be either "web" or "image"."""
+
+
+base_url = "https://heexy.org"
+api_url = "https://seapi.heexy.org"
+safe_search_map = {0: "off", 1: "on", 2: "on"}
+
+CACHE: EngineCache
+"""Cache for storing the ``X-Data-Cacheft`` token (acts like an API key)."""
+
+
+def setup(engine_settings: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool:
+    global CACHE  # pylint: disable=global-statement
+
+    if heexy_categ not in ("web", "image"):
+        raise ValueError("invalid search category: %s" % heexy_categ)
+
+    CACHE = EngineCache(engine_settings["name"])
+    return True
+
+
+def _get_api_token(query: str) -> str:
+    """The API token is independent of the search query. We just need any query
+    to obtain it initially, and don't hardcode it here to decrease chances of
+    getting blocked. The token must be passed as ``X-Data-Cacheft`` header."""
+
+    cached_token: str = CACHE.get("token")
+    if cached_token:
+        return cached_token
+
+    resp = get(
+        f"{base_url}/search?q={query}", headers={"User-Agent": gen_useragent(), "Accept-Language": "en-US,en:q=0.9"}
+    )
+    if not resp.ok:
+        raise SearxEngineAPIException("failed to obtain request token: invalid response code")
+
+    token = resp.cookies["cacheft"]
+    if not token:
+        raise SearxEngineAPIException("failed to obtain request token: no token found")
+
+    CACHE.set("token", token, expire=3 * 60)
+    return token
+
+
+def request(query: str, params: "OnlineParams") -> None:
+    args = {
+        "q": query,
+        "page": params["pageno"],
+        "safe": safe_search_map[params["safesearch"]],
+    }
+    if params["searxng_locale"] != "all":
+        args["lang"] = params["searxng_locale"].split("-")[0]
+
+    params["url"] = f"{api_url}/search/{heexy_categ}?{urlencode(args)}"
+
+    params["headers"]["Origin"] = api_url
+    params["cookies"]["cacheft"] = _get_api_token(query)
+
+
+def response(resp: "SXNG_Response"):
+    res = EngineResults()
+
+    json_resp = resp.json()
+    if not json_resp["success"]:
+        raise SearxEngineAccessDeniedException()
+
+    result: dict[str, str]
+    for result in json_resp["results"]:
+        if heexy_categ == "web":
+            res.add(
+                res.types.MainResult(
+                    url=result["url"],
+                    title=result["title"],
+                    content=result["description"],
+                )
+            )
+        elif heexy_categ == "image":
+            res.add(
+                res.types.Image(
+                    title=result["description"],
+                    url=result["url"],
+                    thumbnail_src=result["image"],
+                    img_src=result["rawImage"],
+                )
+            )
+
+    return res
--- a/searx/engines/hex.py
+++ b/searx/engines/hex.py
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 from urllib.parse import urlencode
 from dateutil import parser

-
 about = {
    # pylint: disable=line-too-long
    "website": "https://hex.pm/",
--- a/searx/engines/huggingface.py
+++ b/searx/engines/huggingface.py
@@ -33,7 +33,6 @@ Implementations

 """

-import typing as t
 from urllib.parse import urlencode
 from datetime import datetime

@@ -63,7 +62,7 @@ huggingface_endpoint = 'models'
 """


-def setup(_: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool | None:
+def init(_):
    if huggingface_endpoint not in ('datasets', 'models', 'spaces'):
        raise SearxEngineAPIException(f"Unsupported Hugging Face endpoint: {huggingface_endpoint}")

--- a/searx/engines/invidious.py
+++ b/searx/engines/invidious.py
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ No public instance offer a public API now

 """

-import typing as t
 import time
 import random
 from urllib.parse import quote_plus, urlparse
@@ -35,7 +34,7 @@ time_range_support = True
 base_url: list[str] | str = []


-def setup(_: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool | None:
+def init(_):
    if not base_url:
        raise ValueError("missing invidious base_url")

--- a/searx/engines/jisho.py
+++ b/searx/engines/jisho.py
@@ -108,14 +108,12 @@ def get_infobox(alt_forms, result_url, definitions):
        infobox_content.append(f'<p><i>Other forms:</i> {", ".join(alt_forms[1:])}</p>')

    # definitions
-    infobox_content.append(
-        '''
+    infobox_content.append('''
        <small><a href="https://www.edrdg.org/wiki/index.php/JMdict-EDICT_Dictionary_Project">JMdict</a>
        and <a href="https://www.edrdg.org/enamdict/enamdict_doc.html">JMnedict</a>
        by <a href="https://www.edrdg.org/edrdg/licence.html">EDRDG</a>, CC BY-SA 3.0.</small>
        <ul>
-    '''
-    )
+    ''')
    for pos, engdef, extra in definitions:
        if pos == 'Wikipedia definition':
            infobox_content.append('</ul><small>Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 3.0.</small><ul>')
--- a/searx/engines/kagi.py
+++ b/searx/engines/kagi.py
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ api_key = ""
 """Kagi API key. Required for using this engine."""


-def setup(_: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool | None:
+def init(_):
    if not api_key:
        raise ValueError("api_key is required for using kagi")

--- a/searx/engines/luxxle.py
+++ b/searx/engines/luxxle.py
@@ -37,17 +37,21 @@ about = {
 }

 categories = []
-safesearch = True
+safeseach = True

 base_url = "https://luxxle.com"

 luxxle_categ = "search"
 """Supported categories: "search", "news", "images", "videos"."""

+# otherwise all requests get blocked (http2-fingerprinted probably)
+enable_http2 = False
+
+
 safe_search_map = {0: "Off", 1: "Moderate", 2: "Strict"}


-def setup(_: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool | None:
+def init(_):
    if luxxle_categ not in ("search", "images", "videos", "news"):
        raise ValueError("invalid luxxle category: %s" % luxxle_categ)

--- a/searx/engines/marginalia.py
+++ b/searx/engines/marginalia.py
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ Lofgren .
 .. _marginalia filters:

 Marginalia Filters
-==================
+=================

 Custom filters enable server-side customization of Marginalia search results.
 Filter definitions are written in XML and scoped to an API key.  Filters can
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ api_key = None
   https://about.marginalia-search.com/article/api/

 """
-filter_name: str = ""
+filter_name: str | None = None
 """The name of the custom filter to apply to each search."""


@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ def response(resp: SXNG_Response):
    return res


-def setup(_: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool:
+def init(_: dict[str, t.Any]):

    if not api_key:
        logger.error("missing api_key: see https://about.marginalia-search.com/article/api")
--- a/searx/engines/mariadb_server.py
+++ b/searx/engines/mariadb_server.py
@@ -26,8 +26,6 @@ Implementations

 """

-import typing as t
-
 try:
    import mariadb  # pyright: ignore [reportMissingImports]
 except ImportError:
@@ -62,17 +60,15 @@ paging = True
 _connection = None


-def setup(engine_settings: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool | None:
+def init(engine_settings):
+    global _connection  # pylint: disable=global-statement
+
    if 'query_str' not in engine_settings:
        raise ValueError('query_str cannot be empty')

    if not engine_settings['query_str'].lower().startswith('select '):
        raise ValueError('only SELECT query is supported')

-
-def init(_):
-    global _connection  # pylint: disable=global-statement
-
    _connection = mariadb.connect(database=database, user=username, password=password, host=host, port=port)


--- a/searx/engines/meilisearch.py
+++ b/searx/engines/meilisearch.py
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ Here is a simple example to query a Meilisearch instance:
 """

 # pylint: disable=global-statement
-import typing as t
+
 from json import dumps
 from searx.result_types import EngineResults
 from searx.extended_types import SXNG_Response
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ categories = ['general']
 paging = True


-def setup(_: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool | None:
+def init(_):
    if index == '':
        raise ValueError('index cannot be empty')

--- a/searx/engines/mojeek.py
+++ b/searx/engines/mojeek.py
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
 """Mojeek (general, images, news)"""

-import typing as t
 from datetime import datetime
 from urllib.parse import urlencode

@@ -52,7 +51,7 @@ region_param = "arc"
 _delta_kwargs = {"day": "days", "week": "weeks", "month": "months", "year": "years"}


-def setup(_: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool | None:
+def init(_):
    if search_type not in ("", "images", "news"):
        raise ValueError(f"Invalid search type {search_type}")

--- a/searx/engines/mongodb.py
+++ b/searx/engines/mongodb.py
@@ -49,7 +49,6 @@ except ImportError:

 from searx.result_types import EngineResults

-
 engine_type = 'offline'

 # mongodb connection variables
--- a/searx/engines/mrs.py
+++ b/searx/engines/mrs.py
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@ Implementation
 ==============
 """

-import typing as t
 from urllib.parse import quote_plus

 about = {
@@ -38,7 +37,7 @@ matrix_url = "https://matrix.to"
 page_size = 20


-def setup(_: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool | None:
+def init(engine_settings):  # pylint: disable=unused-argument
    """The ``base_url`` must be set in the configuration, if ``base_url`` is not
    set, a :py:obj:`ValueError` is raised during initialization.

--- a/searx/engines/mysql_server.py
+++ b/searx/engines/mysql_server.py
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@ Implementations

 """

-import typing as t
-
 from searx.result_types import EngineResults

 try:
@@ -62,17 +60,15 @@ paging = True
 _connection = None


-def setup(engine_settings: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool | None:
+def init(engine_settings):
+    global _connection  # pylint: disable=global-statement
+
    if 'query_str' not in engine_settings:
        raise ValueError('query_str cannot be empty')

    if not engine_settings['query_str'].lower().startswith('select '):
        raise ValueError('only SELECT query is supported')

-
-def init(_):
-    global _connection  # pylint: disable=global-statement
-
    _connection = mysql.connector.connect(
        database=database,
        user=username,
--- a/searx/engines/naver.py
+++ b/searx/engines/naver.py
@@ -2,8 +2,6 @@
 # pylint: disable=line-too-long
 """Naver for SearXNG"""

-import typing as t
-
 from urllib.parse import urlencode
 from lxml import html

@@ -18,6 +16,7 @@ from searx.utils import (
    html_to_text,
    parse_duration_string,
    js_obj_str_to_python,
+    get_embeded_stream_url,
 )

 # engine metadata
@@ -68,7 +67,7 @@ naver_category_dict = {
 }


-def setup(_: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool | None:
+def init(_):
    if naver_category not in ('general', 'images', 'news', 'videos'):
        raise SearxEngineAPIException(f"Unsupported category: {naver_category}")

@@ -194,7 +193,7 @@ def parse_news(data):


 def parse_videos(data):
-    res = EngineResults()
+    results = []

    dom = html.fromstring(data)

@@ -213,14 +212,15 @@ def parse_videos(data):
        except (ValueError, TypeError):
            pass

-        res.add(
-            res.types.LegacyResult(
-                template="videos.html",
-                title=extract_text(eval_xpath(item, ".//a[contains(@class, 'info_title')]")),
-                url=url,
-                thumbnail=thumbnail,
-                length=length,
-            )
+        results.append(
+            {
+                "template": "videos.html",
+                "title": extract_text(eval_xpath(item, ".//a[contains(@class, 'info_title')]")),
+                "url": url,
+                "thumbnail": thumbnail,
+                "length": length,
+                "iframe_src": get_embeded_stream_url(url),
+            }
        )

-    return res
+    return results
--- a/searx/engines/neosearch.py
+++ b/searx/engines/neosearch.py
@@ -6,14 +6,10 @@

 from json import loads
 import typing as t
+from urllib.parse import urlencode

-from lxml import html
-
-from searx.exceptions import SearxEngineAPIException
 from searx.extended_types import SXNG_Response
-from searx.network import get
 from searx.result_types import EngineResults
-from searx.utils import eval_xpath, extract_text

 if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
    from searx.enginelib.traits import EngineTraits
@@ -29,33 +25,18 @@ about = {
    "results": "JSON",
 }

-paging = False
-enable_http3 = True
-
 base_url = "https://neosearch.org"
 categories = ["general"]

-
-def _obtain_xsrf_token() -> str:
-    resp = get(base_url)
-    doc = html.fromstring(resp.text)
-
-    xsrf_token = extract_text(eval_xpath(doc, "//meta[@name='xsrf-token']/@content"))
-    if not xsrf_token:
-        raise SearxEngineAPIException("failed to obtain xsrf token")
-    return xsrf_token
+paging = False


 def request(query: str, params: "OnlineParams"):
-    params["url"] = f"{base_url}/search"
-    params["headers"]["X-XSRF-TOKEN"] = _obtain_xsrf_token()
-    params["method"] = "POST"
-
    args = {"q": query, "generate": "auto"}
    countrycode = params["searxng_locale"].split("-")[-1].upper()
    if countrycode in traits.custom["countrycodes"]:
        args["loc"] = countrycode
-    params["json"] = args
+    params["url"] = f"{base_url}/search?{urlencode(args)}"


 def response(resp: "SXNG_Response") -> EngineResults:
@@ -86,6 +67,7 @@ def response(resp: "SXNG_Response") -> EngineResults:

 def fetch_traits(engine_traits: "EngineTraits") -> None:
    # pylint: disable=import-outside-toplevel
+    from searx.network import get
    from searx.utils import extr, js_obj_str_to_python
    from babel.core import get_global

--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More