[upd] github-actions: Bump docker/setup-qemu-action from 4.2.0 to 4.3.0 (#6644 )

Bumps [docker/setup-qemu-action](https://github.com/docker/setup-qemu-action) from 4.2.0 to 4.3.0. - [Release notes](https://github.com/docker/setup-qemu-action/releases) - [Commits](96fe6ef7f3...1f40c72289) --- updated-dependencies: - dependency-name: docker/setup-qemu-action dependency-version: 4.3.0 dependency-type: direct:production update-type: version-update:semver-minor ... Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com> Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
[docs] fix some minor reST markup issues in the doc-string (#6646 )
2026-09-11 16:56:05 +00:00 · 2026-09-04 15:16:28 +02:00 · 2026-09-04 11:18:59 +02:00 · 2026-09-04 10:33:42 +02:00 · 2026-09-04 16:16:09 +08:00 · 2026-09-04 09:49:07 +02:00
97 changed files with 4541 additions and 4703 deletions
--- a/.github/workflows/container.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/container.yml
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ jobs:
          python-version: "${{ env.PYTHON_VERSION }}"

      - name: Setup QEMU
-        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@96fe6ef7f33517b61c61be40b68a1882f3264fb8  # v4.2.0
+        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@1f40c72289eff860ee54a304f1438e3cff362e0a  # v4.3.0

      - name: Checkout
        uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1  # v7.0.1
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ jobs:
          password: "${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}"

      - name: Setup QEMU
-        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@96fe6ef7f33517b61c61be40b68a1882f3264fb8  # v4.2.0
+        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@1f40c72289eff860ee54a304f1438e3cff362e0a  # v4.3.0

      - name: Checkout
        uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1  # v7.0.1
--- a/client/simple/package-lock.json
+++ b/client/simple/package-lock.json
@@ -15,8 +15,8 @@
        "swiped-events": "1.2.0"
      },
      "devDependencies": {
-        "@biomejs/biome": "2.5.9",
-        "@types/node": "^26.2.0",
+        "@biomejs/biome": "2.5.10",
+        "@types/node": "^26.3.0",
        "browserslist": "^4.28.8",
        "browserslist-to-esbuild": "^2.1.1",
        "edge.js": "^6.5.1",
@@ -27,9 +27,9 @@
        "stylelint": "^17.14.1",
        "stylelint-config-standard-less": "^4.1.0",
        "stylelint-prettier": "^5.0.3",
-        "svgo": "^4.0.2",
+        "svgo": "^4.1.0",
        "typescript": "~7.0.2",
-        "vite": "^8.2.1",
+        "vite": "^8.2.2",
        "vite-bundle-analyzer": "^1.3.9"
      }
    },
@@ -69,9 +69,9 @@
      }
    },
    "node_modules/@biomejs/biome": {
-      "version": "2.5.9",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@biomejs/biome/-/biome-2.5.9.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-KkgCvdHB4IhtpHpF564plA9jo6fDOwWGQ/3jvreLzgOtRLEDoPqr7QO9qejNA8jKwDsSkAKr77hqBHnyUbIw4g==",
+      "version": "2.5.10",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@biomejs/biome/-/biome-2.5.10.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-WRKXARA3kTuiV5sxqTpobJ/I0MVd4vk3pOL6wnp5az4LntFIhWTj1RWZq3DI9PCEN3lXcqy7p5aqUHzvq8AXyQ==",
      "dev": true,
      "license": "MIT OR Apache-2.0",
      "bin": {
@@ -85,20 +85,20 @@
        "url": "https://opencollective.com/biome"
      },
      "optionalDependencies": {
-        "@biomejs/cli-darwin-arm64": "2.5.9",
-        "@biomejs/cli-darwin-x64": "2.5.9",
-        "@biomejs/cli-linux-arm64": "2.5.9",
-        "@biomejs/cli-linux-arm64-musl": "2.5.9",
-        "@biomejs/cli-linux-x64": "2.5.9",
-        "@biomejs/cli-linux-x64-musl": "2.5.9",
-        "@biomejs/cli-win32-arm64": "2.5.9",
-        "@biomejs/cli-win32-x64": "2.5.9"
+        "@biomejs/cli-darwin-arm64": "2.5.10",
+        "@biomejs/cli-darwin-x64": "2.5.10",
+        "@biomejs/cli-linux-arm64": "2.5.10",
+        "@biomejs/cli-linux-arm64-musl": "2.5.10",
+        "@biomejs/cli-linux-x64": "2.5.10",
+        "@biomejs/cli-linux-x64-musl": "2.5.10",
+        "@biomejs/cli-win32-arm64": "2.5.10",
+        "@biomejs/cli-win32-x64": "2.5.10"
      }
    },
    "node_modules/@biomejs/cli-darwin-arm64": {
-      "version": "2.5.9",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@biomejs/cli-darwin-arm64/-/cli-darwin-arm64-2.5.9.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-am22pX2aBqznqq1eMyIj/bZ++riF3Lk6ct7cbv+gQK0csFhr+d8O0RkOi2FF2qSgFgANbqNkIZ0/PxlnW2pLFg==",
+      "version": "2.5.10",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@biomejs/cli-darwin-arm64/-/cli-darwin-arm64-2.5.10.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-ItCrxKK6SXVT6flYs0qIuBd4AA3TTTl4d66Re6YI2FuGZnN85NmuYNzkiTJUyYw8qBLv69L5zTUB6uyWd++h3Q==",
      "cpu": [
        "arm64"
      ],
@@ -113,9 +113,9 @@
      }
    },
    "node_modules/@biomejs/cli-darwin-x64": {
-      "version": "2.5.9",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@biomejs/cli-darwin-x64/-/cli-darwin-x64-2.5.9.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-l44KWDHLDvEnD0N/XcrVs7VXb3A18xL7QS3WB0eL93wbmk529ffIG55vleGCqaunpRUjLrdnjK05Qki1dsjylg==",
+      "version": "2.5.10",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@biomejs/cli-darwin-x64/-/cli-darwin-x64-2.5.10.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-yLsPU9pAmtChXDu8vhKAzErqe+LeeYuwuUB2FZMkRitsmdodxsYRa9KHrFispsUHzzOu+9HB3nP/TQxyia+Sjw==",
      "cpu": [
        "x64"
      ],
@@ -130,9 +130,9 @@
      }
    },
    "node_modules/@biomejs/cli-linux-arm64": {
-      "version": "2.5.9",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@biomejs/cli-linux-arm64/-/cli-linux-arm64-2.5.9.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-ICaK+IYaVZvKbBxX2rwrPT0DdUDMnE9Vm3nQGe+mltQPmUg19pONzkPWGdY4FCsoreDETWDynvdt4ysCbF5gNQ==",
+      "version": "2.5.10",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@biomejs/cli-linux-arm64/-/cli-linux-arm64-2.5.10.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-VG8uQW/86a1roLaIFvtIbEigxIdzdJ190oGyg1tV7VYeQtOS+x10sflk7WbuXgw91EtZX5DlIIIej1YqkNLlcg==",
      "cpu": [
        "arm64"
      ],
@@ -150,9 +150,9 @@
      }
    },
    "node_modules/@biomejs/cli-linux-arm64-musl": {
-      "version": "2.5.9",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@biomejs/cli-linux-arm64-musl/-/cli-linux-arm64-musl-2.5.9.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-7ImVPwBLCtkmpR5esd8RHhTqW94f0JLJQum6AneYcy94jRm18TaPPm7slaigGzFhfgt3QiD1Vj52LKmBAnKizA==",
+      "version": "2.5.10",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@biomejs/cli-linux-arm64-musl/-/cli-linux-arm64-musl-2.5.10.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-t1QAKZwQJRB4dvgJSgFiQ4BNfNPChg69BNonz854qLVxnjT3UvDzQg9mbkTJRu35ZqU0Rw10A73J8Urgbg2RPw==",
      "cpu": [
        "arm64"
      ],
@@ -170,9 +170,9 @@
      }
    },
    "node_modules/@biomejs/cli-linux-x64": {
-      "version": "2.5.9",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@biomejs/cli-linux-x64/-/cli-linux-x64-2.5.9.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-z22Q/zFYSvbIJfW1CbfZPu4X8PddS6Qd2ORbc6h+aT6EcwAxUF3m6fA4HjNvA3TU4X0dTJRwNPB165ES3PJXzg==",
+      "version": "2.5.10",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@biomejs/cli-linux-x64/-/cli-linux-x64-2.5.10.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-4O6T0eq2heoHZN0a9UX+rWQoxXEBaKf+lRi2hbsGlHneUz9BWXM76nEWMK7Eeq8gzMxR1khQB6BFpAASpeXqGg==",
      "cpu": [
        "x64"
      ],
@@ -190,9 +190,9 @@
      }
    },
    "node_modules/@biomejs/cli-linux-x64-musl": {
-      "version": "2.5.9",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@biomejs/cli-linux-x64-musl/-/cli-linux-x64-musl-2.5.9.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-RXGaD0o1/pTTguYw1aeDJh9ad6Lfrui0fI7mBderTyGr7WuUJkBIttgLkR3XJyoxOkkgfBDspaUT8wXArTqLZw==",
+      "version": "2.5.10",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@biomejs/cli-linux-x64-musl/-/cli-linux-x64-musl-2.5.10.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-pgDDqp9JybHm2I0KRgzN6i4+lt8xu4iqxUwLzglUMmOmyRTU1AYBGKzh9sNMOtIjah7xoWvKHlLVetvyifzoiQ==",
      "cpu": [
        "x64"
      ],
@@ -210,9 +210,9 @@
      }
    },
    "node_modules/@biomejs/cli-win32-arm64": {
-      "version": "2.5.9",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@biomejs/cli-win32-arm64/-/cli-win32-arm64-2.5.9.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-nHK+/HHC+D0ogAHUxomgoSTdjImb6fmNNVTKmf0tyu4eDL1DqPKIHc+i+UL8+b0RnAu8224qo8F2tCVnaT0A3w==",
+      "version": "2.5.10",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@biomejs/cli-win32-arm64/-/cli-win32-arm64-2.5.10.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-pxAbxduPO4xq/Cvgaa2lOrs9BB0hEXmmDqfMNP4ZOffGOkUrD1/QGw9UAMpFQpX2P8MqTIIRuQKcmetum4Oa6A==",
      "cpu": [
        "arm64"
      ],
@@ -227,9 +227,9 @@
      }
    },
    "node_modules/@biomejs/cli-win32-x64": {
-      "version": "2.5.9",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@biomejs/cli-win32-x64/-/cli-win32-x64-2.5.9.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-Yiq0H56LjXSSw/hd9YkXgSLQfzyDJzbzU2TezozxyNw+uKWAqOtqGVvBfzKRRDiaFF5avGAhHdWKx7LtDOShUw==",
+      "version": "2.5.10",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@biomejs/cli-win32-x64/-/cli-win32-x64-2.5.10.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-M+2dgBsl3lXRiTfgPVc2p3anS4Tocojke4rzFLScZ2Y/wmF+36dRb1iHCLiyGqOzQGyTplZH1HnEYviiAqi3nA==",
      "cpu": [
        "x64"
      ],
@@ -1577,9 +1577,9 @@
      }
    },
    "node_modules/@types/node": {
-      "version": "26.2.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@types/node/-/node-26.2.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-5IviulTZeRNp2vAJ514cc/HUlY5nZ9fCbq9DMyC52BrhFZACo3nI0R7qBxhQmo/d27NFe96ur/b7Wwxklda+kg==",
+      "version": "26.3.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@types/node/-/node-26.3.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-L3fgrnchriRC2ExBflb8j4uZZURHZfQsmQeyVzhjcHW4kkwVyo8/0h1B2MVzMTrYUJYu6G7EWs14hW/L9putqw==",
      "dev": true,
      "license": "MIT",
      "dependencies": {
@@ -2284,17 +2284,17 @@
      }
    },
    "node_modules/css-select": {
-      "version": "5.2.2",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/css-select/-/css-select-5.2.2.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-TizTzUddG/xYLA3NXodFM0fSbNizXjOKhqiQQwvhlspadZokn1KDy0NZFS0wuEubIYAV5/c1/lAr0TaaFXEXzw==",
+      "version": "6.0.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/css-select/-/css-select-6.0.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-rZZVSLle8v0+EY8QAkDWrKhpgt6SA5OtHsgBnsj6ZaLb5dmDVOWUDtQitd9ydxxvEjhewNudS6eTVU7uOyzvXw==",
      "dev": true,
      "license": "BSD-2-Clause",
      "dependencies": {
        "boolbase": "^1.0.0",
-        "css-what": "^6.1.0",
-        "domhandler": "^5.0.2",
-        "domutils": "^3.0.1",
-        "nth-check": "^2.0.1"
+        "css-what": "^7.0.0",
+        "domhandler": "^5.0.3",
+        "domutils": "^3.2.2",
+        "nth-check": "^2.1.1"
      },
      "funding": {
        "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/fb55"
@@ -2315,9 +2315,9 @@
      }
    },
    "node_modules/css-what": {
-      "version": "6.2.2",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/css-what/-/css-what-6.2.2.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-u/O3vwbptzhMs3L1fQE82ZSLHQQfto5gyZzwteVIEyeaY5Fc7R4dapF/BvRoSYFeqfBk4m0V1Vafq5Pjv25wvA==",
+      "version": "7.0.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/css-what/-/css-what-7.0.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-wD5oz5xibMOPHzy13CyGmogB3phdvcDaB5t0W/Nr5Z2O/agcB8YwOz6e2Lsp10pNDzBoDO9nVa3RGs/2BttpHQ==",
      "dev": true,
      "license": "BSD-2-Clause",
      "engines": {
@@ -4275,9 +4275,9 @@
      "optional": true
    },
    "node_modules/sax": {
-      "version": "1.6.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/sax/-/sax-1.6.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-6R3J5M4AcbtLUdZmRv2SygeVaM7IhrLXu9BmnOGmmACak8fiUtOsYNWUS4uK7upbmHIBbLBeFeI//477BKLBzA==",
+      "version": "1.6.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/sax/-/sax-1.6.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-42tBVwLWnaQvW5zc4HbZrTuWccECCZfBi92FDuwtqxasH+JbPB3/FOKb1m222K42R4WxuxzzMsTswfzgtSu64Q==",
      "dev": true,
      "license": "BlueOak-1.0.0",
      "engines": {
@@ -4769,19 +4769,19 @@
      "dev": true
    },
    "node_modules/svgo": {
-      "version": "4.0.2",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/svgo/-/svgo-4.0.2.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-ekx94z1rRc5LDi6oSUaeRnYhd0UOJxdtQCL2rF8xpWxD3TPAsISWOrxezqGovqS38GRZOdpDfvQe3ts6F7nsng==",
+      "version": "4.1.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/svgo/-/svgo-4.1.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-bkxnTg1kSU0guhIBmibA6UUhrQmPVA1XsQLN+ylCd+UWzbnLkySOcXpyk1mrl05f+pcaCx2eHb+sp6BgMZWX+Q==",
      "dev": true,
      "license": "MIT",
      "dependencies": {
        "commander": "^11.1.0",
-        "css-select": "^5.1.0",
+        "css-select": "^6.0.0",
        "css-tree": "^3.0.1",
-        "css-what": "^6.1.0",
+        "css-what": "^7.0.0",
        "csso": "^5.0.5",
        "picocolors": "^1.1.1",
-        "sax": "^1.5.0"
+        "sax": "1.6.1"
      },
      "bin": {
        "svgo": "bin/svgo.js"
@@ -5044,16 +5044,16 @@
      "license": "MIT"
    },
    "node_modules/vite": {
-      "version": "8.2.1",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/vite/-/vite-8.2.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-EU/eS7BH3XROHh2YnBefjM6DBKA6ZeMZEYQbj7NLWg5wHYlhB8B/Mayd5XsgWq+NFYccDOTemRpdETWR6Ka/lw==",
+      "version": "8.2.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/vite/-/vite-8.2.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-cFKLV/PRgAUlIRm5WjMjJ86jrftzpqcgH+Us+DS8mI3CDNiH30Whrz8uHL3+MOLPAgqbMBAqWdAHAphOAM+z/Q==",
      "dev": true,
      "license": "MIT",
      "dependencies": {
        "lightningcss": "^1.33.0",
        "picomatch": "^4.0.5",
-        "postcss": "^8.5.25",
-        "rolldown": "~1.2.1",
+        "postcss": "^8.5.26",
+        "rolldown": "~1.2.4",
        "tinyglobby": "^0.2.17"
      },
      "bin": {
@@ -5070,7 +5070,7 @@
      },
      "peerDependencies": {
        "@types/node": "^20.19.0 || >=22.12.0",
-        "@vitejs/devtools": "^0.4.0",
+        "@vitejs/devtools": "^0.4.0 || ^0.5.0",
        "esbuild": "^0.27.0 || ^0.28.0",
        "jiti": ">=1.21.0",
        "less": "^4.0.0",
--- a/client/simple/package.json
+++ b/client/simple/package.json
@@ -29,8 +29,8 @@
    "swiped-events": "1.2.0"
  },
  "devDependencies": {
-    "@biomejs/biome": "2.5.9",
-    "@types/node": "^26.2.0",
+    "@biomejs/biome": "2.5.10",
+    "@types/node": "^26.3.0",
    "browserslist": "^4.28.8",
    "browserslist-to-esbuild": "^2.1.1",
    "edge.js": "^6.5.1",
@@ -41,9 +41,9 @@
    "stylelint": "^17.14.1",
    "stylelint-config-standard-less": "^4.1.0",
    "stylelint-prettier": "^5.0.3",
-    "svgo": "^4.0.2",
+    "svgo": "^4.1.0",
    "typescript": "~7.0.2",
-    "vite": "^8.2.1",
+    "vite": "^8.2.2",
    "vite-bundle-analyzer": "^1.3.9"
  }
 }
--- a/docs/admin/settings/settings_engines.rst
+++ b/docs/admin/settings/settings_engines.rst
@@ -58,10 +58,9 @@ engine is shown.  Most of the options have a default value or even are optional.

     # overwrite values from section 'outgoing:'
     enable_http2: false
+     enable_http3: false
     retries: 1
     max_connections: 100
-     max_keepalive_connections: 10
-     keepalive_expiry: 5.0
     using_tor_proxy: false
     proxies:
       http:
@@ -163,6 +162,16 @@ engine is shown.  Most of the options have a default value or even are optional.
 ``enable_http`` : optional
  Enable HTTP for this engine (by default only HTTPS is enabled).

+``enable_http3`` : optional
+  Use HTTP/3 (falls back to HTTP/2).  Default ``false``.
+  Ignored when a proxy is set.
+
+  .. hint::
+
+     HTTP/3 places demands on the IP infrastructure that are not met in every
+     environment.  Enable this option only if you are aware of these requirements
+     and the extent to which they are met.
+
 ``retry_on_http_error`` : optional
  Retry request on some HTTP status code.

@@ -179,20 +188,12 @@ engine is shown.  Most of the options have a default value or even are optional.
  Using tor proxy (``true``) or not (``false``) for this engine.  The default is
  taken from ``using_tor_proxy`` of the :ref:`settings outgoing`.

-.. _Pool limit configuration: https://www.python-httpx.org/advanced/#pool-limit-configuration
-
-``max_keepalive_connection#s`` :
-  `Pool limit configuration`_, overwrites value ``pool_maxsize`` from
-   :ref:`settings outgoing` for this engine.
+.. _Pool limit configuration: https://curl-cffi.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api.html#sessions

 ``max_connections`` :
  `Pool limit configuration`_, overwrites value ``pool_connections`` from
  :ref:`settings outgoing` for this engine.

-``keepalive_expiry`` :
-  `Pool limit configuration`_, overwrites value ``keepalive_expiry`` from
-  :ref:`settings outgoing` for this engine.
-

 .. _private engines:

--- a/docs/admin/settings/settings_outgoing.rst
+++ b/docs/admin/settings/settings_outgoing.rst
@@ -12,20 +12,12 @@ Communication with search engines.
     request_timeout: 2.0       # default timeout in seconds, can be override by engine
     max_request_timeout: 10.0  # the maximum timeout in seconds
     useragent_suffix: ""       # information like an email address to the administrator
-     pool_connections: 100      # Maximum number of allowable connections, or null
-                                # for no limits. The default is 100.
-     pool_maxsize: 10           # Number of allowable keep-alive connections, or null
-                                # to always allow. The default is 10.
-     enable_http2: true         # See https://www.python-httpx.org/http2/
+     pool_connections: 100      # Maximum number of concurrent connections (default: 100)
+     enable_http2: true         # Enables the use of HTTP2
     # uncomment below section if you want to use a custom server certificate
-     # see https://www.python-httpx.org/advanced/#changing-the-verification-defaults
-     # and https://www.python-httpx.org/compatibility/#ssl-configuration
     #  verify: ~/.mitmproxy/mitmproxy-ca-cert.cer
     #
-     # uncomment below section if you want to use a proxyq see: SOCKS proxies
-     #   https://2.python-requests.org/en/latest/user/advanced/#proxies
-     # are also supported: see
-     #   https://2.python-requests.org/en/latest/user/advanced/#socks
+     # uncomment below section if you want to use a proxy
     #
     #  proxies:
     #    all://:
@@ -46,30 +38,26 @@ Communication with search engines.
  timeout to load).  Can be override by ``timeout`` in the :ref:`settings engines`.

 ``useragent_suffix`` :
-  Suffix to the user-agent SearXNG uses to send requests to others engines.  If an
-  engine wish to block you, a contact info here may be useful to avoid that.
+  Suffix to add when an engine's User-Agent is set via searxng_useragent().
+  Contact info here may be useful to avoid an engine blocking you.

-.. _Pool limit configuration: https://www.python-httpx.org/advanced/#pool-limit-configuration
-
-``pool_maxsize``:
-  Number of allowable keep-alive connections, or ``null`` to always allow.  The
-  default is 10.  See ``max_keepalive_connections`` `Pool limit configuration`_.
+.. _Pool limit configuration: https://curl-cffi.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api.html#sessions

 ``pool_connections`` :
-  Maximum number of allowable connections, or ``null`` # for no limits.  The
-  default is 100.  See ``max_connections`` `Pool limit configuration`_.
+  Maximum number of concurrent connections.  The default is 100.
+  See ``max_clients`` `Pool limit configuration`_.

-``keepalive_expiry`` :
-  Number of seconds to keep a connection in the pool.  By default 5.0 seconds.
-  See ``keepalive_expiry`` `Pool limit configuration`_.
-
-.. _httpx proxies: https://www.python-httpx.org/advanced/#http-proxying
+.. _curl_cffi proxies: https://curl-cffi.readthedocs.io/en/latest/quick_start.html

 ``proxies`` :
-  Define one or more proxies you wish to use, see `httpx proxies`_.
+  Define one or more proxies you wish to use, see `curl_cffi proxies`_.
  If there are more than one proxy for one protocol (http, https),
  requests to the engines are distributed in a round-robin fashion.

+  HTTP, HTTPS, SOCKS4, SOCKS5 and SOCKS5h proxies are supported
+  (``http://``, ``https://``, ``socks4://``, ``socks5://``, ``socks5h://``). You should
+  use ``socks5h://`` when using Tor so hostnames are resolved by the proxy.
+
 ``source_ips`` :
  If you use multiple network interfaces, define from which IP the requests must
  be made. Example:
@@ -87,18 +75,15 @@ Communication with search engines.
  different proxy and source ip.

 ``enable_http2`` :
-  Enable by default. Set to ``false`` to disable HTTP/2.
-
-.. _httpx verification defaults: https://www.python-httpx.org/advanced/#changing-the-verification-defaults
-.. _httpx ssl configuration: https://www.python-httpx.org/compatibility/#ssl-configuration
+  Enable by default (HTTP/2).  Set to ``false`` to force HTTP/1.1.
+  HTTP/3 is opt-in per engine (``enable_http3``).

 ``verify``: : ``$SSL_CERT_FILE``, ``$SSL_CERT_DIR``
-  Allow to specify a path to certificate.
-  see `httpx verification defaults`_.
+  HTTPS verification uses the OS's trust store by default.
+  Set a path to use a custom CA file.

  In addition to ``verify``, SearXNG supports the ``$SSL_CERT_FILE`` (for a file) and
  ``$SSL_CERT_DIR`` (for a directory) OpenSSL variables.
-  see `httpx ssl configuration`_.

 ``max_redirects`` :
  30 by default. Maximum redirect before it is an error.
--- a/docs/dev/engines/engine_overview.rst
+++ b/docs/dev/engines/engine_overview.rst
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ parameters with default value can be redefined for special purposes.
   data                   dict           ``{}``
   cookies                dict           ``{}``
   verify                 bool           ``True``
-   headers.User-Agent     str            a random User-Agent
+   headers.User-Agent     str            ``''``
   category               str            current category, like ``'general'``
   safesearch             int            ``0``, between ``0`` and ``2`` (normal, moderate, strict)
   time_range             Optional[str]  ``None``, can be ``day``, ``week``, ``month``, ``year``
@@ -229,6 +229,8 @@ following parameters can be used to specify a search request:
   max_redirects       int         maximum redirects, hard limit
   soft_max_redirects  int         maximum redirects, soft limit. Record an error but don't stop the engine
   raise_for_httperror bool        True by default: raise an exception if the HTTP code of response is >= 300
+   impersonate         str         curl_cffi impersonate target (default: chrome, none to disable)
+   curl_options        dict        Any extra libcurl options for the request
   =================== =========== ==========================================================================


--- a/docs/dev/reST.rst
+++ b/docs/dev/reST.rst
@@ -286,7 +286,7 @@ content becomes smart.
   files & folders origin     :origin:`docs/dev/reST.rst`        ``:origin:`docs/dev/reST.rst```
   pull request               :pull:`4`                          ``:pull:`4```
   patch                      :patch:`af2cae6`                   ``:patch:`af2cae6```
-   PyPi package               :pypi:`httpx`                      ``:pypi:`httpx```
+   PyPi package               :pypi:`curl_cffi`                  ``:pypi:`curl_cffi```
   manual page man            :man:`bash`                        ``:man:`bash```
   intersphinx_
   --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--- a/requirements.txt
+++ b/requirements.txt
@@ -7,9 +7,7 @@ lxml==6.1.2
 pygments==2.21.0
 python-dateutil==2.9.0.post0
 pyyaml==6.0.3
-httpx[http2]==0.28.1
-httpx-socks[asyncio]==0.13.1
-sniffio==1.3.1
+curl_cffi==0.16.1
 valkey==6.1.1
 markdown-it-py==4.2.0
 msgspec==0.21.1
--- a/searx/autocomplete.py
+++ b/searx/autocomplete.py
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ from urllib.parse import urlencode

 import lxml.etree
 import lxml.html
-from httpx import HTTPError
+from curl_cffi.requests.exceptions import RequestException

 from searx import settings
 from searx.engines import (
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ def bing(query: str, _sxng_locale: str) -> list[str]:
    base_url = "https://www.bing.com/AS/Suggestions?"
    # cvid has to be a 32 character long string consisting of numbers and uppsercase characters
    cvid = ''.join(random.choices(string.ascii_uppercase + string.digits, k=32))
-    response = get(base_url + urlencode({'qry': query, 'csr': 1, 'cvid': cvid}))
+    response = get(base_url + urlencode({'qry': query, 'csr': 1, 'cvid': cvid}), enable_http3=True)
    results: list[str] = []

    if response.ok:
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ def brave(query: str, _sxng_locale: str) -> list[str]:
    url = 'https://search.brave.com/api/suggest?'
    url += urlencode({'q': query})
    country = 'all'
-    kwargs = {'cookies': {'country': country}}
+    kwargs = {'cookies': {'country': country}, 'enable_http3': True}
    resp = get(url, **kwargs)
    results: list[str] = []

@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ def google_complete(query: str, sxng_locale: str) -> list[str]:
    )
    results: list[str] = []

-    resp = get('https://www.google.com/complete/search?' + args)
+    resp = get('https://www.google.com/complete/search?' + args, enable_http3=True)
    if resp and resp.ok:
        json_txt = resp.text[resp.text.find('[') : resp.text.find(']', -3) + 1]
        data = json.loads(json_txt)
@@ -418,5 +418,5 @@ def search_autocomplete(backend_name: str, query: str, sxng_locale: str) -> list
        return []
    try:
        return backend(query, sxng_locale)
-    except (HTTPError, SearxEngineResponseException):
+    except (RequestException, SearxEngineResponseException):
        return []
--- a/searx/data/external_bangs.json
+++ b/searx/data/external_bangs.json
--- a/searx/data/tracker_patterns.py
+++ b/searx/data/tracker_patterns.py
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ import re
 from collections.abc import Iterator
 from urllib.parse import urlparse, urlunparse, parse_qsl, urlencode

-from httpx import HTTPError
+from curl_cffi.requests.exceptions import RequestException

 from searx.data.core import get_cache, log
 from searx.network import get as http_get
@@ -28,11 +28,11 @@ class TrackerPatternsDB:

    ctx_name = "data_tracker_patterns"

+    # ClearURL rule lists, the first one that responds HTTP 200 is used
    CLEAR_LIST_URL = [
-        # ClearURL rule lists, the first one that responds HTTP 200 is used
-        "https://rules1.clearurls.xyz/data.minify.json",
+        "https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/clearurls/rules@refs/heads/gh-pages/data.minify.json",
        "https://rules2.clearurls.xyz/data.minify.json",
-        "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ClearURLs/Rules/refs/heads/master/data.min.json",
+        "https://rules1.clearurls.xyz/data.minify.json",
    ]

    class Fields:
@@ -87,8 +87,8 @@ class TrackerPatternsDB:
            try:
                resp = http_get(url, timeout=3)

-            except HTTPError as exc:
-                log.warning("TRACKER_PATTERNS: HTTPError (%s) occured while fetching %s", url, exc)
+            except RequestException as exc:
+                log.warning("TRACKER_PATTERNS: RequestException while fetching %s: %s", url, exc)
                continue

            if resp.status_code != 200:
--- a/searx/enginelib/init.py
+++ b/searx/enginelib/init.py
@@ -305,7 +305,7 @@ class Engine(abc.ABC):  # pylint: disable=too-few-public-methods

    region: str = ""
    """For an engine, when there is ``region: ...`` in the YAML settings the engine
-    does support only this one region::
+    does support only this one region:

    .. code:: yaml

@@ -317,6 +317,9 @@ class Engine(abc.ABC):  # pylint: disable=too-few-public-methods
    enable_http: bool
    """Enable HTTP (by default only HTTPS is enabled)."""

+    enable_http3: bool = False
+    """Enables the use of HTTP/3 if available"""
+
    shortcut: str
    """Code used to execute bang requests (``!foo``)"""

--- a/searx/engines/360search_videos.py
+++ b/searx/engines/360search_videos.py
@@ -6,7 +6,8 @@ from urllib.parse import urlencode
 from datetime import datetime

 from searx.exceptions import SearxEngineAPIException
-from searx.utils import html_to_text, get_embeded_stream_url
+from searx.result_types import EngineResults
+from searx.utils import html_to_text

 about = {
    "website": "https://tv.360kan.com/",
@@ -29,12 +30,12 @@ def request(query, params):
    return params


-def response(resp):
+def response(resp) -> EngineResults:
    try:
        data = resp.json()
    except Exception as e:
        raise SearxEngineAPIException(f"Invalid response: {e}") from e
-    results = []
+    res = EngineResults()

    if "data" not in data or "result" not in data["data"]:
        raise SearxEngineAPIException("Invalid response")
@@ -50,16 +51,15 @@ def response(resp):
            except (ValueError, TypeError):
                published_date = None

-        results.append(
-            {
-                'url': entry["play_url"],
-                'title': html_to_text(entry["title"]),
-                'content': html_to_text(entry["description"]),
-                'template': 'videos.html',
-                'publishedDate': published_date,
-                'thumbnail': entry["cover_img"],
-                "iframe_src": get_embeded_stream_url(entry["play_url"]),
-            }
+        res.add(
+            res.types.LegacyResult(
+                url=entry["play_url"],
+                title=html_to_text(entry["title"]),
+                content=html_to_text(entry["description"]),
+                template='videos.html',
+                publishedDate=published_date,
+                thumbnail=entry["cover_img"],
+            )
        )

-    return results
+    return res
--- a/searx/engines/builtins.pyi
+++ b/searx/engines/builtins.pyi
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ categories: list[str]
 disabled: bool
 display_error_messages: bool
 enable_http: bool
+enable_http3: bool
 engine_type: str
 inactive: bool
 max_page: int
--- a/searx/engines/init.py
+++ b/searx/engines/init.py
@@ -187,8 +187,9 @@ def set_loggers(engine: "Engine|types.ModuleType", engine_name: str):
 def update_engine_attributes(engine: "Engine | types.ModuleType", engine_data: dict[str, t.Any]):
    # pylint: disable=too-many-branches

-    # set engine attributes from engine_data
+    # set / update engine attributes from engine_data
    kvargs: dict[str, t.Any]
+    engine.about = getattr(engine, "about", EngineAbout())
    if isinstance(engine.about, EngineAbout):
        kvargs = {**msgspec.to_builtins(engine.about), **engine_data.get("about", {})}
    else:
--- a/searx/engines/adobe_stock.py
+++ b/searx/engines/adobe_stock.py
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ Implementation
 ==============

 """
-
+import typing as t
 from datetime import datetime, timedelta
 from urllib.parse import urlencode

@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ Additional subcategories:
 # Do we need support for "free_collection" and "include_stock_enterprise"?


-def init(_):
+def setup(_: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool | None:
    if not categories:
        raise ValueError("adobe_stock engine: categories is unset")

@@ -100,9 +100,9 @@ def init(_):
        raise ValueError("adobe_stock engine: adobe_content_types is unset")

    if isinstance(adobe_content_types, list):
-        for t in adobe_content_types:
-            if t not in ADOBE_VALID_TYPES:
-                raise ValueError("adobe_stock engine: adobe_content_types: '%s' is invalid" % t)
+        for content_type in adobe_content_types:
+            if content_type not in ADOBE_VALID_TYPES:
+                raise ValueError("adobe_stock engine: adobe_content_types: '%s' is invalid" % content_type)
    else:
        raise ValueError(
            "adobe_stock engine: adobe_content_types must be a list of strings not %s" % type(adobe_content_types)
--- a/searx/engines/baidu.py
+++ b/searx/engines/baidu.py
@@ -49,6 +49,9 @@ CACHE: EngineCache


 def setup(engine_settings: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool:
+    if baidu_category not in ('general', 'images', 'it'):
+        raise SearxEngineAPIException(f"Unsupported category: {baidu_category}")
+
    global CACHE  # pylint: disable=global-statement
    CACHE = EngineCache(engine_settings["name"])
    return True
@@ -65,11 +68,6 @@ def get_image_cookies(headers: dict[str, str]) -> dict[str, str]:
    return cookies


-def init(_):
-    if baidu_category not in ('general', 'images', 'it'):
-        raise SearxEngineAPIException(f"Unsupported category: {baidu_category}")
-
-
 def request(query, params):
    page_num = params["pageno"]

--- a/searx/engines/bing.py
+++ b/searx/engines/bing.py
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ about: dict[str, t.Any] = {
 # engine dependent config
 categories = ["general", "web"]
 safesearch = True
+enable_http3 = True
 _safesearch_map: dict[int, str] = {
    0: "off",
    1: "moderate",
--- a/searx/engines/bing_images.py
+++ b/searx/engines/bing_images.py
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ about = {
 # engine dependent config
 categories = ["images", "web"]
 paging = True
+enable_http3 = True
 safesearch = True
 time_range_support = True
 time_map = {
--- a/searx/engines/bing_news.py
+++ b/searx/engines/bing_news.py
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ categories = ["news"]
 paging = True
 """If go through the pages and there are actually no new results for another
 page, then bing returns the results from the last page again."""
+enable_http3 = True

 time_range_support = True
 time_map = {
--- a/searx/engines/bing_videos.py
+++ b/searx/engines/bing_videos.py
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ about = {
 # engine dependent config
 categories = ["videos", "web"]
 paging = True
+enable_http3 = True
 safesearch = True
 time_range_support = True

--- a/searx/engines/boardreader.py
+++ b/searx/engines/boardreader.py
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ CACHE_SESSION_ID_KEY = "session_id_key"
 KEYWORD_RE = re.compile(r"\[\/?Keyword\]")


-def init(engine_settings: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool:
+def setup(engine_settings: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool:
    global CACHE  # pylint: disable=global-statement
    CACHE = EngineCache(engine_name=engine_settings["name"])
    return True
--- a/searx/engines/brave.py
+++ b/searx/engines/brave.py
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ from searx.utils import (
    eval_xpath_getindex,
    eval_xpath_list,
    extract_text,
-    get_embeded_stream_url,
+    get_embedded_stream_url,
    js_obj_str_to_json_str,
    js_obj_str_to_python,
 )
@@ -151,6 +151,7 @@ about = {

 base_url = "https://search.brave.com/"
 categories = []
+enable_http3 = True
 brave_category: t.Literal["search", "videos", "images", "news", "goggles"] = "search"
 """Brave supports common web-search, videos, images, news, and goggles search.

@@ -338,7 +339,7 @@ def _parse_search(resp: SXNG_Response) -> EngineResults:
        if len(video_tag):
            # In my tests a video tag in the WEB search was most often not a
            # video, except the ones from youtube ..
-            iframe_src = get_embeded_stream_url(url)
+            iframe_src = get_embedded_stream_url(url)
            if iframe_src:
                item["iframe_src"] = iframe_src
                item["template"] = "videos.html"
@@ -406,9 +407,6 @@ def _parse_videos(json_resp: dict[str, t.Any]) -> EngineResults:
        )
        if result["thumbnail"] is not None:
            item["thumbnail"] = result["thumbnail"]["src"]
-        iframe_src = get_embeded_stream_url(result["url"])
-        if iframe_src:
-            item["iframe_src"] = iframe_src

        res.add(item)

--- a/searx/engines/braveapi.py
+++ b/searx/engines/braveapi.py
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
 about = {
    "website": "https://api.search.brave.com/",
    "wikidata_id": None,
-    "official_api_documentation": "https://api-dashboard.search.brave.com/documentation",
+    "official_api_documentation": "https://api-dashboard.search.brave.com/api-reference/web/search/get",
    "use_official_api": True,
    "require_api_key": True,
    "results": "JSON",
@@ -63,8 +63,10 @@ base_url = "https://api.search.brave.com/res/v1/web/search"
 time_range_map = {"day": "past_day", "week": "past_week", "month": "past_month", "year": "past_year"}
 """Mapping of SearXNG time ranges to Brave API time ranges."""

+max_page = 10

-def init(_):
+
+def setup(_: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool | None:
    """Initialize the engine."""
    if not api_key:
        raise SearxEngineAPIException("No API key provided")
@@ -75,7 +77,7 @@ def request(query: str, params: "OnlineParams") -> None:
    search_args: dict[str, str | int | None] = {
        "q": query,
        "count": results_per_page,
-        "offset": (params["pageno"] - 1) * results_per_page,
+        "offset": params["pageno"] - 1,
        "text_decorations": False,
    }

--- a/searx/engines/chatnoir.py
+++ b/searx/engines/chatnoir.py
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ search_index = "cw22"
 <https://www.chatnoir.eu/docs/api-general>`_ for a full list."""


-def _obtain_api_key() -> tuple[str, str, str]:
+def _obtain_api_key() -> tuple[str, str]:
    home_resp = get(base_url)
    if not home_resp.ok:
        raise SearxEngineAPIException("failed to obtain api key")
@@ -58,10 +58,9 @@ def _obtain_api_key() -> tuple[str, str, str]:
    )
    if not token_resp.ok:
        raise SearxEngineAPIException("failed to obtain api key")
-    session_id = token_resp.cookies["sessionid"]
    scraped_api_key = token_resp.json()["token"]["token"]

-    return csrf_token, session_id, scraped_api_key
+    return csrf_token, scraped_api_key


 def request(query: str, params: "OnlineParams"):
@@ -73,7 +72,7 @@ def request(query: str, params: "OnlineParams"):

        params["headers"].update(headers)
    else:
-        csrf_token, session_id, scraped_api_key = _obtain_api_key()
+        csrf_token, scraped_api_key = _obtain_api_key()

        headers = {
            "Authorization": f"Bearer {scraped_api_key}",
@@ -81,7 +80,7 @@ def request(query: str, params: "OnlineParams"):
        }

        params["headers"].update(headers)
-        params["cookies"] = {"csrftoken": session_id, "sessionid": session_id}
+        params["cookies"] = {"csrftoken": csrf_token}

    params["url"] = f"{base_url}/api/v1/_search"
    params["method"] = "POST"
--- a/searx/engines/chinaso.py
+++ b/searx/engines/chinaso.py
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ time_range_dict = {'day': '24h', 'week': '1w', 'month': '1m', 'year': '1y'}
 base_url = "https://www.chinaso.com"


-def init(_):
+def setup(_: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool | None:
    if chinaso_news_source not in t.get_args(ChinasoNewsSourceType):
        raise ValueError(f"Unsupported news source: {chinaso_news_source}")

--- a/searx/engines/command.py
+++ b/searx/engines/command.py
@@ -74,6 +74,7 @@ Implementations
 ===============
 """

+import typing as t
 import re
 from os.path import expanduser, isabs, realpath, commonprefix
 from shlex import split as shlex_split
@@ -100,7 +101,7 @@ _command_logger = logger.getChild('command')
 _compiled_parse_regex = {}


-def init(engine_settings):
+def setup(engine_settings: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool | None:
    check_parsing_options(engine_settings)

    if 'command' not in engine_settings:
--- a/searx/engines/dogpile.py
+++ b/searx/engines/dogpile.py
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ base_url = "https://www.dogpile.com"
 safe_search_map = {0: "none", 1: "moderate", 2: "heavy"}


-def init(_):
+def setup(_: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool | None:
    if dogpile_categ not in ("search", "images", "videos", "news"):
        raise ValueError("invalid search type: %s" % dogpile_categ)

--- a/searx/engines/duckduckgo_extra.py
+++ b/searx/engines/duckduckgo_extra.py
@@ -10,7 +10,8 @@ from datetime import datetime
 from urllib.parse import urlencode
 from urllib.parse import quote_plus

-from searx.utils import get_embeded_stream_url, html_to_text, gen_useragent, extr
+from searx.result_types import EngineResults, MainResult, LegacyResult, Image
+from searx.utils import html_to_text, gen_useragent, extr
 from searx.network import get  # see https://github.com/searxng/searxng/issues/762

 from searx.engines.duckduckgo import fetch_traits  # pylint: disable=unused-import
@@ -47,7 +48,7 @@ _HTTP_User_Agent: str = gen_useragent()
 send_accept_language_header = False


-def init(engine_settings: dict[str, t.Any]):
+def setup(engine_settings: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool | None:

    if engine_settings["ddg_category"] not in ["images", "videos", "news"]:
        raise ValueError(f"Unsupported DuckDuckGo category: {engine_settings['ddg_category']}")
@@ -97,6 +98,7 @@ def request(query: str, params: "OnlineParams") -> None:
    # The vqd value is generated from the query and the UA header. To be able to
    # reuse the vqd value, the UA header must be static.
    headers["User-Agent"] = _HTTP_User_Agent
+    params["impersonate"] = "none"
    vqd = get_vqd(query=query, params=params) or fetch_vqd(query=query, params=params)

    headers["Accept"] = "*/*"
@@ -148,54 +150,51 @@ def request(query: str, params: "OnlineParams") -> None:


 def _image_result(result):
-    return {
-        'template': 'images.html',
-        'url': result['url'],
-        'title': result['title'],
-        'content': '',
-        'thumbnail_src': result['thumbnail'],
-        'img_src': result['image'],
-        'resolution': '%s x %s' % (result['width'], result['height']),
-        'source': result['source'],
-    }
+    return Image(
+        url=result['url'],
+        title=result['title'],
+        content='',
+        thumbnail_src=result['thumbnail'],
+        img_src=result['image'],
+        resolution='%s x %s' % (result['width'], result['height']),
+        source=result['source'],
+    )


 def _video_result(result):
-    return {
-        'template': 'videos.html',
-        'url': result['content'],
-        'title': result['title'],
-        'content': result['description'],
-        'thumbnail': result['images'].get('small') or result['images'].get('medium'),
-        'iframe_src': get_embeded_stream_url(result['content']),
-        'source': result['provider'],
-        'length': result['duration'],
-        'metadata': result.get('uploader'),
-    }
+    return LegacyResult(
+        template='videos.html',
+        url=result['content'],
+        title=result['title'],
+        content=result['description'],
+        thumbnail=result['images'].get('small') or result['images'].get('medium'),
+        source=result['provider'],
+        length=result['duration'],
+        metadata=result.get('uploader'),
+    )


 def _news_result(result):
-    return {
-        'url': result['url'],
-        'title': result['title'],
-        'content': html_to_text(result['excerpt']),
-        'source': result['source'],
-        'publishedDate': datetime.fromtimestamp(result['date']),
-    }
+    return MainResult(
+        url=result['url'],
+        title=result['title'],
+        content=html_to_text(result['excerpt']),
+        publishedDate=datetime.fromtimestamp(result['date']),
+    )


-def response(resp):
-    results = []
+def response(resp: "SXNG_Response") -> EngineResults:
+    res = EngineResults()
    res_json = resp.json()

    for result in res_json['results']:
        if ddg_category == 'images':
-            results.append(_image_result(result))
+            res.add(_image_result(result))
        elif ddg_category == 'videos':
-            results.append(_video_result(result))
+            res.add(_video_result(result))
        elif ddg_category == 'news':
-            results.append(_news_result(result))
+            res.add(_news_result(result))
        else:
            raise ValueError(f"Invalid duckduckgo category: {ddg_category}")

-    return results
+    return res
--- a/searx/engines/duckduckgo_weather.py
+++ b/searx/engines/duckduckgo_weather.py
@@ -109,7 +109,19 @@ def response(resp: SXNG_Response):

    json_data = loads(resp.text[resp.text.find('\n') + 1 : resp.text.rfind('\n') - 2])

-    geoloc = weather.GeoLocation.by_query(resp.search_params["query"])
+    location = json_data.get("location")
+    if not location:
+        return res
+
+    metadata = json_data.get("weatherAlerts", {}).get("metadata", {})
+    geoloc = weather.GeoLocation(
+        name=location,
+        latitude=metadata.get("latitude"),
+        longitude=metadata.get("longitude"),
+        elevation=0,
+        country_code=metadata.get("language").split("-")[-1],
+        timezone=json_data.get("location"),
+    )

    weather_answer = EngineResults.types.WeatherAnswer(
        current=_weather_data(geoloc, json_data["currentWeather"]),
--- a/searx/engines/elasticsearch.py
+++ b/searx/engines/elasticsearch.py
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ authentication configured to read from ``my-index`` index.

 """

+import typing as t
 from json import loads, dumps
 from searx.exceptions import SearxEngineAPIException
 from searx.result_types import EngineResults
@@ -68,7 +69,7 @@ show_metadata = False
 page_size = 10


-def init(engine_settings):
+def setup(engine_settings: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool | None:
    if 'query_type' in engine_settings and engine_settings['query_type'] not in _available_query_types:
        raise ValueError('unsupported query type', engine_settings['query_type'])

--- a/searx/engines/exaapi.py
+++ b/searx/engines/exaapi.py
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ content_max_characters: int = 500
 """Maximum characters for the requested content."""


-def init(_):
+def setup(_: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool | None:
    if not api_key:
        raise SearxEngineAPIException("No API key provided")
    if not 1 <= results_per_page <= 100:
--- a/searx/engines/fireball.py
+++ b/searx/engines/fireball.py
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ CACHE_VALID_DURATION = 30 * 24 * 3600  # one month, same as website
 """Duration how long settings cookies are valid."""


-def init(engine_settings: dict[str, t.Any]):
+def setup(engine_settings: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool | None:
    global CACHE  # pylint: disable=global-statement
    CACHE = EngineCache(engine_settings["name"])

--- a/searx/engines/gitea.py
+++ b/searx/engines/gitea.py
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ Implementation

 """

+import typing as t
 from urllib.parse import urlencode
 from dateutil import parser

@@ -77,7 +78,7 @@ page_size: int = 10
 """Maximum number of results per page (default 10)."""


-def init(_):
+def setup(_: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool | None:
    if not base_url:
        raise ValueError('gitea engine: base_url is unset')

--- a/searx/engines/google.py
+++ b/searx/engines/google.py
@@ -327,6 +327,7 @@ def google_request(

    params["url"] = f"https://www.google.com/wml/search?{urlencode(args)}"
    params["headers"]["User-Agent"] = random.choice(nokia_useragents)
+    params["impersonate"] = "chrome99_android"


 def request(query: str, params: "OnlineParams") -> None:
--- a/searx/engines/google_cse.py
+++ b/searx/engines/google_cse.py
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ about = {

 categories = ["general", "web"]
 paging = True
+enable_http3 = True
 max_page = 5
 page_size = 20
 time_range_support = True
--- a/searx/engines/google_images.py
+++ b/searx/engines/google_images.py
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ about = {
 # engine dependent config
 categories = ["images", "web"]
 paging = True
+enable_http3 = True
 max_page = 50
 """Google supports up to 50 pages of results, see the `Google max_page discussion`_.

--- a/searx/engines/google_play.py
+++ b/searx/engines/google_play.py
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ about = {
 }

 play_categ = None  # apps|movies
+enable_http3 = True
 base_url = 'https://play.google.com'
 search_url = base_url + "/store/search?{query}&c={play_categ}"

--- a/searx/engines/google_scholar.py
+++ b/searx/engines/google_scholar.py
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ import typing as t
 from urllib.parse import urlencode
 from datetime import datetime
 from lxml import html
-import httpx
+from curl_cffi.requests.exceptions import TooManyRedirects

 from searx.utils import (
    eval_xpath,
@@ -63,6 +63,7 @@ about = {
 # engine dependent config
 categories = ["science", "scientific publications"]
 paging = True
+enable_http3 = True
 max_page = 50
 """`Google max 50 pages`_

@@ -102,7 +103,7 @@ def response(resp: "SXNG_Response") -> EngineResults:  # pylint: disable=too-man
            raise SearxEngineAccessDeniedException(
                message="google_scholar: unusual traffic detected",
            )
-        raise httpx.TooManyRedirects(f"location {resp.headers['Location'].split('?')[0]}")
+        raise TooManyRedirects(f"location {resp.headers['Location'].split('?')[0]}")

    res = EngineResults()
    dom = html.fromstring(resp.text)
--- a/searx/engines/google_videos.py
+++ b/searx/engines/google_videos.py
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ from searx.utils import (
    eval_xpath_getindex,
    eval_xpath_list,
    extract_text,
-    get_embeded_stream_url,
    parse_duration_string,
 )

@@ -79,7 +78,6 @@ def response(resp: "SXNG_Response") -> EngineResults:
                title=title,
                thumbnail=thumbnail,
                length=length,
-                iframe_src=get_embeded_stream_url(url) or "",
                template="videos.html",
            )
        )
--- a/searx/engines/heexy.py
+++ b/searx/engines/heexy.py
@@ -1,127 +0,0 @@
-# SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
-"""Heexy_ is a minimalist search engine that focuses on privacy.
-
-Although it also supports news and videos, these are not implemented here
-because they usually return no result to very few irrelevant ones.
-
-It seems to use Bing internally, as the image thumbnails are loaded from Bing.
-
-.. _Heexy: https://docs.heexy.org/introduction
-
-"""
-
-from urllib.parse import urlencode
-
-import typing as t
-
-from searx.enginelib import EngineCache
-from searx.network import get
-from searx.exceptions import SearxEngineAPIException, SearxEngineAccessDeniedException
-from searx.result_types import EngineResults
-from searx.utils import gen_useragent
-
-if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
-    from searx.extended_types import SXNG_Response
-    from searx.search.processors import OnlineParams
-
-about = {
-    "website": "https://heexy.org",
-    "wikidata_id": None,
-    "official_api_documentation": None,
-    "use_official_api": False,
-    "require_api_key": False,
-    "results": "JSON",
-}
-
-paging = True
-safesearch = True
-
-categories = ["general"]
-heexy_categ = "web"
-"""Category to search in. Can be either "web" or "image"."""
-
-
-base_url = "https://heexy.org"
-api_url = "https://seapi.heexy.org"
-safe_search_map = {0: "off", 1: "on", 2: "on"}
-
-CACHE: EngineCache
-"""Cache for storing the ``X-Data-Cacheft`` token (acts like an API key)."""
-
-
-def setup(engine_settings: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool:
-    global CACHE  # pylint: disable=global-statement
-
-    if heexy_categ not in ("web", "image"):
-        raise ValueError("invalid search category: %s" % heexy_categ)
-
-    CACHE = EngineCache(engine_settings["name"])
-    return True
-
-
-def _get_api_token(query: str) -> str:
-    """The API token is independent of the search query. We just need any query
-    to obtain it initially, and don't hardcode it here to decrease chances of
-    getting blocked. The token must be passed as ``X-Data-Cacheft`` header."""
-
-    cached_token: str = CACHE.get("token")
-    if cached_token:
-        return cached_token
-
-    resp = get(
-        f"{base_url}/search?q={query}", headers={"User-Agent": gen_useragent(), "Accept-Language": "en-US,en:q=0.9"}
-    )
-    if not resp.ok:
-        raise SearxEngineAPIException("failed to obtain request token: invalid response code")
-
-    token = resp.cookies["cacheft"]
-    if not token:
-        raise SearxEngineAPIException("failed to obtain request token: no token found")
-
-    CACHE.set("token", token, expire=3 * 60)
-    return token
-
-
-def request(query: str, params: "OnlineParams") -> None:
-    args = {
-        "q": query,
-        "page": params["pageno"],
-        "safe": safe_search_map[params["safesearch"]],
-    }
-    if params["searxng_locale"] != "all":
-        args["lang"] = params["searxng_locale"].split("-")[0]
-
-    params["url"] = f"{api_url}/search/{heexy_categ}?{urlencode(args)}"
-
-    params["headers"]["Origin"] = api_url
-    params["cookies"]["cacheft"] = _get_api_token(query)
-
-
-def response(resp: "SXNG_Response"):
-    res = EngineResults()
-
-    json_resp = resp.json()
-    if not json_resp["success"]:
-        raise SearxEngineAccessDeniedException()
-
-    result: dict[str, str]
-    for result in json_resp["results"]:
-        if heexy_categ == "web":
-            res.add(
-                res.types.MainResult(
-                    url=result["url"],
-                    title=result["title"],
-                    content=result["description"],
-                )
-            )
-        elif heexy_categ == "image":
-            res.add(
-                res.types.Image(
-                    title=result["description"],
-                    url=result["url"],
-                    thumbnail_src=result["image"],
-                    img_src=result["rawImage"],
-                )
-            )
-
-    return res
--- a/searx/engines/huggingface.py
+++ b/searx/engines/huggingface.py
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ Implementations

 """

+import typing as t
 from urllib.parse import urlencode
 from datetime import datetime

@@ -62,7 +63,7 @@ huggingface_endpoint = 'models'
 """


-def init(_):
+def setup(_: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool | None:
    if huggingface_endpoint not in ('datasets', 'models', 'spaces'):
        raise SearxEngineAPIException(f"Unsupported Hugging Face endpoint: {huggingface_endpoint}")

--- a/searx/engines/invidious.py
+++ b/searx/engines/invidious.py
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ No public instance offer a public API now

 """

+import typing as t
 import time
 import random
 from urllib.parse import quote_plus, urlparse
@@ -34,7 +35,7 @@ time_range_support = True
 base_url: list[str] | str = []


-def init(_):
+def setup(_: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool | None:
    if not base_url:
        raise ValueError("missing invidious base_url")

--- a/searx/engines/kagi.py
+++ b/searx/engines/kagi.py
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ api_key = ""
 """Kagi API key. Required for using this engine."""


-def init(_):
+def setup(_: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool | None:
    if not api_key:
        raise ValueError("api_key is required for using kagi")

--- a/searx/engines/luxxle.py
+++ b/searx/engines/luxxle.py
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ enable_http2 = False
 safe_search_map = {0: "Off", 1: "Moderate", 2: "Strict"}


-def init(_):
+def setup(_: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool | None:
    if luxxle_categ not in ("search", "images", "videos", "news"):
        raise ValueError("invalid luxxle category: %s" % luxxle_categ)

--- a/searx/engines/marginalia.py
+++ b/searx/engines/marginalia.py
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ Lofgren .
 .. _marginalia filters:

 Marginalia Filters
-=================
+==================

 Custom filters enable server-side customization of Marginalia search results.
 Filter definitions are written in XML and scoped to an API key.  Filters can
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ api_key = None
   https://about.marginalia-search.com/article/api/

 """
-filter_name: str | None = None
+filter_name: str = ""
 """The name of the custom filter to apply to each search."""


@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ def response(resp: SXNG_Response):
    return res


-def init(_: dict[str, t.Any]):
+def setup(_: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool:

    if not api_key:
        logger.error("missing api_key: see https://about.marginalia-search.com/article/api")
--- a/searx/engines/mariadb_server.py
+++ b/searx/engines/mariadb_server.py
@@ -26,6 +26,8 @@ Implementations

 """

+import typing as t
+
 try:
    import mariadb  # pyright: ignore [reportMissingImports]
 except ImportError:
@@ -60,15 +62,17 @@ paging = True
 _connection = None


-def init(engine_settings):
-    global _connection  # pylint: disable=global-statement
-
+def setup(engine_settings: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool | None:
    if 'query_str' not in engine_settings:
        raise ValueError('query_str cannot be empty')

    if not engine_settings['query_str'].lower().startswith('select '):
        raise ValueError('only SELECT query is supported')

+
+def init(_):
+    global _connection  # pylint: disable=global-statement
+
    _connection = mariadb.connect(database=database, user=username, password=password, host=host, port=port)


--- a/searx/engines/meilisearch.py
+++ b/searx/engines/meilisearch.py
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ Here is a simple example to query a Meilisearch instance:
 """

 # pylint: disable=global-statement
-
+import typing as t
 from json import dumps
 from searx.result_types import EngineResults
 from searx.extended_types import SXNG_Response
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ categories = ['general']
 paging = True


-def init(_):
+def setup(_: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool | None:
    if index == '':
        raise ValueError('index cannot be empty')

--- a/searx/engines/mojeek.py
+++ b/searx/engines/mojeek.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
 """Mojeek (general, images, news)"""

+import typing as t
 from datetime import datetime
 from urllib.parse import urlencode

@@ -51,7 +52,7 @@ region_param = "arc"
 _delta_kwargs = {"day": "days", "week": "weeks", "month": "months", "year": "years"}


-def init(_):
+def setup(_: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool | None:
    if search_type not in ("", "images", "news"):
        raise ValueError(f"Invalid search type {search_type}")

--- a/searx/engines/mrs.py
+++ b/searx/engines/mrs.py
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ Implementation
 ==============
 """

+import typing as t
 from urllib.parse import quote_plus

 about = {
@@ -37,7 +38,7 @@ matrix_url = "https://matrix.to"
 page_size = 20


-def init(engine_settings):  # pylint: disable=unused-argument
+def setup(_: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool | None:
    """The ``base_url`` must be set in the configuration, if ``base_url`` is not
    set, a :py:obj:`ValueError` is raised during initialization.

--- a/searx/engines/mysql_server.py
+++ b/searx/engines/mysql_server.py
@@ -25,6 +25,8 @@ Implementations

 """

+import typing as t
+
 from searx.result_types import EngineResults

 try:
@@ -60,15 +62,17 @@ paging = True
 _connection = None


-def init(engine_settings):
-    global _connection  # pylint: disable=global-statement
-
+def setup(engine_settings: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool | None:
    if 'query_str' not in engine_settings:
        raise ValueError('query_str cannot be empty')

    if not engine_settings['query_str'].lower().startswith('select '):
        raise ValueError('only SELECT query is supported')

+
+def init(_):
+    global _connection  # pylint: disable=global-statement
+
    _connection = mysql.connector.connect(
        database=database,
        user=username,
--- a/searx/engines/naver.py
+++ b/searx/engines/naver.py
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
 # pylint: disable=line-too-long
 """Naver for SearXNG"""

+import typing as t
+
 from urllib.parse import urlencode
 from lxml import html

@@ -16,7 +18,6 @@ from searx.utils import (
    html_to_text,
    parse_duration_string,
    js_obj_str_to_python,
-    get_embeded_stream_url,
 )

 # engine metadata
@@ -67,7 +68,7 @@ naver_category_dict = {
 }


-def init(_):
+def setup(_: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool | None:
    if naver_category not in ('general', 'images', 'news', 'videos'):
        raise SearxEngineAPIException(f"Unsupported category: {naver_category}")

@@ -193,7 +194,7 @@ def parse_news(data):


 def parse_videos(data):
-    results = []
+    res = EngineResults()

    dom = html.fromstring(data)

@@ -212,15 +213,14 @@ def parse_videos(data):
        except (ValueError, TypeError):
            pass

-        results.append(
-            {
-                "template": "videos.html",
-                "title": extract_text(eval_xpath(item, ".//a[contains(@class, 'info_title')]")),
-                "url": url,
-                "thumbnail": thumbnail,
-                "length": length,
-                "iframe_src": get_embeded_stream_url(url),
-            }
+        res.add(
+            res.types.LegacyResult(
+                template="videos.html",
+                title=extract_text(eval_xpath(item, ".//a[contains(@class, 'info_title')]")),
+                url=url,
+                thumbnail=thumbnail,
+                length=length,
+            )
        )

-    return results
+    return res
--- a/searx/engines/pexels.py
+++ b/searx/engines/pexels.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 """Pexels (images)"""

 import re
+import typing as t

 from urllib.parse import urlencode
 from lxml import html
@@ -46,9 +47,10 @@ CACHE: EngineCache
 enable_http2 = False


-def init(engine_settings):
+def setup(engine_settings: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool:
    global CACHE  # pylint: disable=global-statement
    CACHE = EngineCache(engine_settings["name"])
+    return True


 def _get_secret_key():
--- a/searx/engines/postgresql.py
+++ b/searx/engines/postgresql.py
@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@ Implementations

 """

+import typing as t
+
 try:
    import psycopg2  # type: ignore
 except ImportError:
@@ -55,15 +57,17 @@ paging = True
 _connection = None


-def init(engine_settings):
-    global _connection  # pylint: disable=global-statement
-
+def setup(engine_settings: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool | None:
    if 'query_str' not in engine_settings:
        raise ValueError('query_str cannot be empty')

    if not engine_settings['query_str'].lower().startswith('select '):
        raise ValueError('only SELECT query is supported')

+
+def init(_):
+    global _connection  # pylint: disable=global-statement
+
    _connection = psycopg2.connect(
        database=database,
        user=username,
--- a/searx/engines/privacywall.py
+++ b/searx/engines/privacywall.py
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ from lxml import html
 import babel

 from searx.enginelib.traits import EngineTraits
-from searx.utils import eval_xpath_list, eval_xpath, extract_text, get_embeded_stream_url, extr
+from searx.utils import eval_xpath_list, eval_xpath, extract_text, extr
 from searx.locales import region_tag
 from searx.result_types import EngineResults

@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ video_page_map = {
 }


-def init(_):
+def setup(_: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool | None:
    if privacywall_category not in ("general", "images", "videos"):
        raise ValueError("invalid category: %s" % privacywall_category)

@@ -154,7 +154,6 @@ def _video_results(doc: "ElementBase") -> EngineResults:
                title=extract_text(eval_xpath(result, ".//h2[contains(@class, 'video-card-title')]")) or "",
                content=extract_text(eval_xpath(result, ".//p")) or "",
                thumbnail=thumbnail or "",
-                iframe_src=get_embeded_stream_url(url) or "",
            )
        )

--- a/searx/engines/quark.py
+++ b/searx/engines/quark.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
 """Quark (Shenma) search engine for searxng"""

+import typing as t
 from urllib.parse import urlencode
 from datetime import datetime
 import re
@@ -43,7 +44,7 @@ def is_alibaba_captcha(html):
    return bool(re.search(CAPTCHA_PATTERN, html))


-def init(_):
+def setup(_: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool | None:
    if quark_category not in ('general', 'images'):
        raise SearxEngineAPIException(f"Unsupported category: {quark_category}")

--- a/searx/engines/qwant.py
+++ b/searx/engines/qwant.py
@@ -60,9 +60,6 @@ from searx.exceptions import (
    SearxEngineTooManyRequestsException,
 )
 from searx.network import raise_for_httperror
-from searx.utils import (
-    get_embeded_stream_url,
-)
 from searx.result_types import EngineResults

 if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
@@ -299,7 +296,6 @@ def response(resp: "SXNG_Response") -> EngineResults:
                        title=title,
                        url=res_url,
                        content=content,
-                        iframe_src=get_embeded_stream_url(res_url),
                        publishedDate=pub_date,
                        thumbnail=thumbnail,
                        template="videos.html",
--- a/searx/engines/resulthunter.py
+++ b/searx/engines/resulthunter.py
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ resulthunter_categ = "web"
 """Supported categories are ``web`` and ``images``."""


-def init(_):
+def setup(_: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool | None:
    if resulthunter_categ not in ("web", "images"):
        raise ValueError("invalid category: %s" % resulthunter_categ)

--- a/searx/engines/s1search.py
+++ b/searx/engines/s1search.py
@@ -38,12 +38,10 @@ CACHE: EngineCache
 """Cache to store verification tokens for pagination."""


-def init(_):
+def setup(engine_settings: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool:
    if not base_url:
        raise ValueError("base_url must be set")

-
-def setup(engine_settings: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool:
    global CACHE  # pylint: disable=global-statement
    CACHE = EngineCache(engine_settings["name"])
    return True
@@ -82,7 +80,7 @@ def response(resp: "SXNG_Response") -> EngineResults:
            res.types.MainResult(
                url=extract_text(eval_xpath(result, ".//a[contains(@class, 'title')]/@href")),
                title=extract_text(eval_xpath(result, ".//a[contains(@class, 'title')]")),
-                content=extract_text(eval_xpath(result, ".//span[contains(@class, 'description') or @class='']")),
+                content=extract_text(eval_xpath(result, ".//span[contains(@class, 'description') or not(@class)]")),
            )
        )

--- a/searx/engines/s1search_rampjs.py
+++ b/searx/engines/s1search_rampjs.py
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
+"""JavaScript-based s1search implementation. See :ref:`s1search engine`.
+
+Works for all s1search sites that contain the ``__RAMPJS__`` JavaScript variable.
+"""
+
+import json
+import typing as t
+from urllib.parse import urlencode
+
+from searx.result_types import EngineResults
+from searx.utils import extr, html_to_text
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from searx.search.processors import OnlineParams
+    from searx.extended_types import SXNG_Response
+
+about = {
+    "website": "https://s1search.co",
+    "official_api_documentation": None,
+    "use_official_api": False,
+    "require_api_key": False,
+    "results": "JSON",
+}
+
+categories = ["general"]
+paging = True
+
+base_url = "https://search.answers.com"
+# other working base URLs:
+# - https://search.nation.online
+# - https://search.activebeat.com
+# - https://search.legalboulevard.com
+# - https://search.walletgenius.com
+# - https://search.legalboulevard.com
+
+
+def request(query: str, params: "OnlineParams"):
+    args = {"q": query, "page": params["pageno"]}
+    params["url"] = f"{base_url}/?{urlencode(args)}"
+
+
+def response(resp: "SXNG_Response") -> EngineResults:
+    res = EngineResults()
+
+    data_raw = extr(resp.text, "response: ", " };")
+    data = json.loads(data_raw)
+
+    mainline = [s for s in data["search"]["regions"] if s["name"] == "mainline"][0]
+    for group in mainline["groups"]:
+        for result in group["results"]:
+            if not ("url" in result or "clickUrl" in result):
+                continue
+
+            res.add(
+                res.types.MainResult(
+                    url=result.get("url") or result.get("clickUrl"),
+                    title=html_to_text(result["title"]),
+                    content=html_to_text(result["description"]),
+                )
+            )
+
+    return res
--- a/searx/engines/solr.py
+++ b/searx/engines/solr.py
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ This is an example configuration for searching in the collection
 """

 # pylint: disable=global-statement
-
+import typing as t
 from urllib.parse import urlencode
 from searx.exceptions import SearxEngineAPIException
 from searx.result_types import EngineResults
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ _search_url = ''
 paging = True


-def init(_):
+def setup(_: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool | None:
    if collection == '':
        raise ValueError('collection cannot be empty')

--- a/searx/engines/soundcloud.py
+++ b/searx/engines/soundcloud.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
 """SoundCloud is a German audio streaming service."""

+import typing as t
 import re
 import datetime

@@ -115,9 +116,10 @@ def response(resp):
    return results


-def init(engine_settings):  # pylint: disable=unused-argument
+def setup(engine_settings: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool:
    global CACHE  # pylint: disable=global-statement
    CACHE = EngineCache(engine_settings["name"])  # type:ignore
+    return True


 def get_client_id() -> str | None:
--- a/searx/engines/sqlite.py
+++ b/searx/engines/sqlite.py
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ limit = 10
 paging = True


-def init(engine_settings):
+def setup(engine_settings: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool | None:
    if 'query_str' not in engine_settings:
        raise ValueError('query_str cannot be empty')

--- a/searx/engines/startpage.py
+++ b/searx/engines/startpage.py
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ CACHE: EngineCache
 seconds."""


-def init(_):
+def setup(_: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool | None:
    global CACHE  # pylint: disable=global-statement

    # hint: all three startpage engines (WEB, Images & News) can/should use the
--- a/searx/engines/startpagina.py
+++ b/searx/engines/startpagina.py
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ page_size = 10
 api_url = "https://search.kompas.services"


-def init(_):
+def setup(_: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool | None:
    if startpagina_categ not in ("web", "images", "videos", "news"):
        raise ValueError("invalid search type: %s" % startpagina_categ)

--- a/searx/engines/swisscows.py
+++ b/searx/engines/swisscows.py
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ def generate_nonce_and_signature(base_path: str, args: dict[str, t.Any]) -> tupl
 maximum_page_size = {"web": 20, "images": 50, "videos": 10}


-def init(_):
+def setup(_: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool | None:
    if swisscows_category not in ("web", "images", "videos"):
        raise ValueError("illegal swisscows category: %s" % swisscows_category)

--- a/searx/engines/tiger.py
+++ b/searx/engines/tiger.py
@@ -45,12 +45,10 @@ CACHE: EngineCache
 """Cache to store session codes (result of solved CAPTCHA)."""


-def init(_):
+def setup(engine_settings: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool:
    if tiger_category not in ("Websuche", "News"):
        raise ValueError("invalid search category: %s" % tiger_category)

-
-def setup(engine_settings: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool:
    global CACHE  # pylint: disable=global-statement
    CACHE = EngineCache(engine_settings["name"])
    return True
--- a/searx/engines/tonline.py
+++ b/searx/engines/tonline.py
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ from urllib.parse import urlencode

 from lxml import html

-from searx.utils import eval_xpath_list, eval_xpath, extract_text, get_embeded_stream_url, ElementType
+from searx.utils import eval_xpath_list, eval_xpath, extract_text, ElementType
 from searx.result_types import EngineResults
 from searx.enginelib import EngineAbout

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ tonline_channel_map = {"images": "flickr", "videos": "yt"}
 language = "de"


-def init(_):
+def setup(_: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool | None:
    if tonline_categ not in ("web", "images", "videos", "news"):
        raise ValueError("invalid category: %s" % tonline_categ)

@@ -126,7 +126,6 @@ def _video_results(doc: ElementType, res: EngineResults):
                url=url,
                title=" - ".join(extract_text(part) or "" for part in title_parts),
                thumbnail=extract_text(eval_xpath(result, ".//img/@src") or "") or "",
-                iframe_src=get_embeded_stream_url(url) or "",
            )
        )

--- a/searx/engines/torznab.py
+++ b/searx/engines/torznab.py
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ show_torrent_files: bool = False
 show_magnet_links: bool = True


-def init(engine_settings=None):  # pylint: disable=unused-argument
+def setup(_: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool | None:
    """Initialize the engine."""
    if len(base_url) < 1:
        raise ValueError('missing torznab base_url')
--- a/searx/engines/tubearchivist.py
+++ b/searx/engines/tubearchivist.py
@@ -75,6 +75,7 @@ Implementations
 """


+import typing as t
 from urllib.parse import urlencode
 from dateutil.parser import parse
 from searx.utils import html_to_text, humanize_number
@@ -115,7 +116,7 @@ def absolute_url(relative_url):
    return f'{base_url.rstrip("/")}{relative_url}'


-def init(_):
+def setup(_: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool | None:
    if not base_url:
        raise ValueError('tubearchivist engine: base_url is unset')
    if not ta_token:
--- a/searx/engines/tusksearch.py
+++ b/searx/engines/tusksearch.py
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ tusk_categ = "web"
 api_url = "https://api.tusksearch.com"


-def init(_):
+def setup(_: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool | None:
    if tusk_categ not in ("web", "images", "videos", "news"):
        raise ValueError("invalid search type: %s" % tusk_categ)

--- a/searx/engines/vuhuv.py
+++ b/searx/engines/vuhuv.py
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ vuhuv_category = "general"
 category_map = {"general": 1, "images": 2, "videos": 3}


-def init(_):
+def setup(_: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool | None:
    if vuhuv_category not in category_map:
        raise ValueError("invalid category: %s" % vuhuv_category)

--- a/searx/engines/wolframalpha_noapi.py
+++ b/searx/engines/wolframalpha_noapi.py
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 Wolfram|Alpha (Science)
 """

-
+import typing as t
 from json import loads
 from urllib.parse import urlencode

@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ CACHE: EngineCache
 seconds."""


-def init(engine_settings):
+def setup(engine_settings: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool | None:
    global CACHE  # pylint: disable=global-statement
    CACHE = EngineCache(engine_settings["name"])  # type:ignore

--- a/searx/engines/yacy.py
+++ b/searx/engines/yacy.py
@@ -52,13 +52,13 @@ Implementations
 """
 # pylint: disable=fixme

-
+import typing as t
 import random
 from json import loads
 from urllib.parse import urlencode
 from dateutil import parser

-from httpx import DigestAuth
+from curl_cffi import CurlOpt

 from searx.utils import html_to_text

@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ selected randomly.
 """


-def init(_):
+def setup(_: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool | None:
    valid_types = [
        'text',
        'image',
@@ -141,7 +141,10 @@ def request(query, params):
    params["url"] = f"{_base_url()}/yacysearch.json?{urlencode(args)}"

    if http_digest_auth_user and http_digest_auth_pass:
-        params['auth'] = DigestAuth(http_digest_auth_user, http_digest_auth_pass)
+        params['curl_options'] = {
+            CurlOpt.HTTPAUTH: 2,  # CURLAUTH_DIGEST
+            CurlOpt.USERPWD: f"{http_digest_auth_user}:{http_digest_auth_pass}",
+        }

    return params

--- a/searx/engines/yandex.py
+++ b/searx/engines/yandex.py
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ about = {
 # Engine configuration
 categories = []
 paging = True
+enable_http3 = True
 search_type = ""

 # Search URL
--- a/searx/engines/yandex_api.py
+++ b/searx/engines/yandex_api.py
@@ -77,10 +77,10 @@ notifications, but only as a fallback -- a request whose own locale matches
 ``kk``, ``uk``, ``tr`` or ``en``."""

 region: str = ""
-"""Optional Yandex `region id`.
+"""Optional Yandex `region id`_.
 Only meaningful together with ``SEARCH_TYPE_RU``.

-__ https://aistudio.yandex.ru/docs/en/search-api/reference/regions.html
+.. _region id: https://aistudio.yandex.ru/docs/en/search-api/reference/regions.html
 """

 page_size: int = 10
--- a/searx/engines/youtube_api.py
+++ b/searx/engines/youtube_api.py
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ about = {
 # engine dependent config
 categories = ['videos', 'music']
 paging = False
+enable_http3 = True
 api_key = None

 # search-url
--- a/searx/engines/youtube_noapi.py
+++ b/searx/engines/youtube_noapi.py
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ about = {
 # engine dependent config
 categories = ['videos', 'music']
 paging = True
+enable_http3 = True
 language_support = False
 time_range_support = True

--- a/searx/extended_types.py
+++ b/searx/extended_types.py
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@

 - :py:obj:`flask.request` is replaced by :py:obj:`sxng_request`
 - :py:obj:`flask.Request` is replaced by :py:obj:`SXNG_Request`
- :py:obj:`httpx.response` is replaced by :py:obj:`SXNG_Response`
+- :py:obj:`curl_cffi.requests.Response` is replaced by :py:obj:`SXNG_Response`

 ----

@@ -24,8 +24,10 @@
 __all__ = ["SXNG_Request", "sxng_request", "SXNG_Response"]

 import typing
+from urllib.parse import urlsplit
+
 import flask
-import httpx
+from curl_cffi.requests import Response as CurlResponse

 if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:
    import searx.preferences
@@ -69,18 +71,37 @@ class SXNG_Request(flask.Request):
 sxng_request = typing.cast(SXNG_Request, flask.request)


-class SXNG_Response(httpx.Response):
-    """SearXNG extends the class :py:obj:`httpx.Response` with properties from
-    *this* class (type cast of :py:obj:`httpx.Response`).
+class SXNG_URL(str):
+    """String URL"""
+
+    @property
+    def host(self) -> str | None:
+        return urlsplit(self).hostname
+
+    @property
+    def path(self) -> str:
+        return urlsplit(self).path
+
+
+class SXNG_Response(CurlResponse):
+    """SearXNG extends :py:obj:`curl_cffi.requests.Response` with properties from
+    *this* class (type cast of the curl_cffi response).

    .. code:: python

-       response = httpx.get("https://example.org")
       response = typing.cast(SXNG_Response, response)
       if response.ok:
          ...
       query_was = search_params["query"]
    """

-    ok: bool
    search_params: "OnlineParamTypes | OnlineDictParams | OnlineCurrenciesParams"
+    _url: str = ""
+
+    @property
+    def url(self) -> SXNG_URL:  # type: ignore[override]
+        return SXNG_URL(self._url)
+
+    @url.setter
+    def url(self, value: str) -> None:
+        self._url = str(value or "")
--- a/searx/favicons/proxy.py
+++ b/searx/favicons/proxy.py
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ import pathlib
 import urllib.parse

 import flask
-from httpx import HTTPError
+from curl_cffi.requests.exceptions import RequestException
 import msgspec

 from searx import get_setting
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ def search_favicon(resolver: str, authority: str) -> tuple[None | bytes, None |
        if data is None or mime is None:
            data, mime = (None, None)

-    except (HTTPError, SearxEngineResponseException):
+    except (RequestException, SearxEngineResponseException):
        pass

    cache.CACHE.set(resolver, authority, mime, data)
--- a/searx/metrics/error_recorder.py
+++ b/searx/metrics/error_recorder.py
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import typing as t
 import inspect
 from json import JSONDecodeError
 from urllib.parse import urlparse
-from httpx import HTTPError, HTTPStatusError
+from curl_cffi.requests.exceptions import HTTPError, RequestException
 from searx.exceptions import (
    SearxXPathSyntaxException,
    SearxEngineXPathException,
@@ -100,32 +100,22 @@ def get_trace(traces):
    return traces[-1]


-def get_hostname(exc: HTTPError) -> str | None:
-    url = exc.request.url
-    if url is None and exc.response is not None:
-        url = exc.response.url
-    return urlparse(url).netloc
+def get_hostname(exc: RequestException) -> str | None:
+    url = getattr(getattr(exc, "request", None), "url", None)
+    if url is None:
+        url = getattr(getattr(exc, "response", None), "url", None)
+    return urlparse(str(url)).netloc if url else None


 def get_request_exception_messages(
-    exc: HTTPError,
+    exc: RequestException,
 ) -> tuple[str | None, str | None, str | None]:
-    url = None
-    status_code = None
-    reason = None
-    hostname = None
-    if hasattr(exc, '_request') and exc._request is not None:  # pylint: disable=protected-access
-        # exc.request is property that raise an RuntimeException
-        # if exc._request is not defined.
-        url = exc.request.url
-    if url is None and hasattr(exc, 'response') and exc.response is not None:
-        url = exc.response.url
-    if url is not None:
-        hostname = url.host
-    if isinstance(exc, HTTPStatusError):
-        status_code = str(exc.response.status_code)
-        reason = exc.response.reason_phrase
-    return (status_code, reason, hostname)
+    response = getattr(exc, "response", None)
+    status_code = reason = None
+    if isinstance(exc, HTTPError) and response is not None:
+        status_code = str(response.status_code)
+        reason = response.reason
+    return (status_code, reason, get_hostname(exc))


 def get_messages(exc, filename) -> tuple[str, ...]:  # pylint: disable=too-many-return-statements
@@ -135,7 +125,7 @@ def get_messages(exc, filename) -> tuple[str, ...]:  # pylint: disable=too-many-
        return (str(exc),)
    if isinstance(exc, ValueError) and 'lxml' in filename:
        return (str(exc),)
-    if isinstance(exc, HTTPError):
+    if isinstance(exc, RequestException):
        return get_request_exception_messages(exc)
    if isinstance(exc, SearxXPathSyntaxException):
        return (exc.xpath_str, exc.message)
--- a/searx/network/init.py
+++ b/searx/network/init.py
@@ -14,8 +14,7 @@ from timeit import default_timer
 from collections.abc import Iterable
 from contextlib import contextmanager

-import httpx
-import anyio
+from curl_cffi.requests.exceptions import StreamConsumedError, Timeout

 from searx.extended_types import SXNG_Response
 from .network import get_network, initialize, check_network_configuration  # pylint:disable=cyclic-import
@@ -74,7 +73,6 @@ def _get_timeout(start_time: float, kwargs: t.Any) -> float:
    # pylint: disable=too-many-branches

    timeout: float | None
-    # timeout (httpx)
    if 'timeout' in kwargs:
        timeout = kwargs['timeout']
    else:
@@ -105,10 +103,10 @@ def request(method: str, url: str, **kwargs: t.Any) -> SXNG_Response:
        try:
            return future.result(timeout)
        except concurrent.futures.TimeoutError as e:
-            raise httpx.TimeoutException('Timeout', request=None) from e
+            raise Timeout('Timeout') from e


-def multi_requests(request_list: list["Request"]) -> list[httpx.Response | Exception]:
+def multi_requests(request_list: list["Request"]) -> list[SXNG_Response | Exception]:
    """send multiple HTTP requests in parallel. Wait for all requests to finish."""
    with _record_http_time() as start_time:
        # send the requests
@@ -128,7 +126,7 @@ def multi_requests(request_list: list["Request"]) -> list[httpx.Response | Excep
            try:
                responses.append(future.result(timeout))
            except concurrent.futures.TimeoutError:
-                responses.append(httpx.TimeoutException('Timeout', request=None))
+                responses.append(Timeout('Timeout'))
            except Exception as e:  # pylint: disable=broad-except
                responses.append(e)
        return responses
@@ -205,14 +203,12 @@ async def stream_chunk_to_queue(network, queue, method: str, url: str, **kwargs:
    try:
        async with await network.stream(method, url, **kwargs) as response:
            queue.put(response)
-            # aiter_raw: access the raw bytes on the response without applying any HTTP content decoding
-            # https://www.python-httpx.org/quickstart/#streaming-responses
-            async for chunk in response.aiter_raw(65536):
+            async for chunk in response.aiter_content():
                if len(chunk) > 0:
                    queue.put(chunk)
-    except (httpx.StreamClosed, anyio.ClosedResourceError):
+    except StreamConsumedError:
        # the response was queued before the exception.
-        # the exception was raised on aiter_raw.
+        # the exception was raised on aiter_content.
        # we do nothing here: in the finally block, None will be queued
        # so stream(method, url, **kwargs) generator can stop
        pass
@@ -246,22 +242,19 @@ def _close_response_method(self):
    asyncio.run_coroutine_threadsafe(self.aclose(), get_loop())
    # reach the end of _self.generator ( _stream_generator ) to an avoid memory leak.
    # it makes sure that :
-    # * the httpx response is closed (see the stream_chunk_to_queue function)
+    # * the curl_cffi response is closed (see the stream_chunk_to_queue function)
    # * to call future.result() in _stream_generator
    for _ in self._generator:  # pylint: disable=protected-access
        continue


 def stream(method: str, url: str, **kwargs: t.Any) -> tuple[SXNG_Response, Iterable[bytes]]:
-    """Replace httpx.stream.
+    """Stream for the image proxy.

    Usage:
-    response, stream = poolrequests.stream(...)
+    response, stream = searx.network.stream(...)
    for chunk in stream:
        ...
-
-    httpx.Client.stream requires to write the httpx.HTTPTransport version of the
-    the httpx.AsyncHTTPTransport declared above.
    """
    generator = _stream_generator(method, url, **kwargs)

--- a/searx/network/client.py
+++ b/searx/network/client.py
@@ -2,207 +2,114 @@
 # pylint: disable=missing-module-docstring, global-statement

 import typing as t
-from types import TracebackType

 import asyncio
 import logging
-import random
-from ssl import SSLContext
+import os
 import threading

-import httpx
-from httpx_socks import AsyncProxyTransport
-from python_socks import parse_proxy_url, ProxyConnectionError, ProxyTimeoutError, ProxyError
+from curl_cffi import AsyncSession, CurlHttpVersion, CurlOpt
+from curl_cffi.requests.exceptions import InvalidSchema, RequestException

-from searx import logger
+from searx.extended_types import SXNG_Response

-CertTypes = str | tuple[str, str] | tuple[str, str, str]
-SslContextKeyType = tuple[str | None, CertTypes | None, bool, bool]
-
-logger = logger.getChild('searx.network.client')
 LOOP: asyncio.AbstractEventLoop = None  # pyright: ignore[reportAssignmentType]

-SSLCONTEXTS: dict[SslContextKeyType, SSLContext] = {}
+# chrome is used by default
+DEFAULT_IMPERSONATE = "chrome"
+NO_IMPERSONATE = "none"


-def shuffle_ciphers(ssl_context: SSLContext):
-    """Shuffle httpx's default ciphers of a SSL context randomly.
+class AsyncClient(AsyncSession):
+    """:class:`curl_cffi.AsyncSession` with ``aclose`` / ``is_closed``."""

-    From `What Is TLS Fingerprint and How to Bypass It`_
+    def __init__(self, enable_http: bool, **kwargs: t.Any):
+        self.enable_http = enable_http
+        self._closed = False
+        super().__init__(**kwargs)

-    > When implementing TLS fingerprinting, servers can't operate based on a
-    > locked-in whitelist database of fingerprints.  New fingerprints appear
-    > when web clients or TLS libraries release new versions. So, they have to
-    > live off a blocklist database instead.
-    > ...
-    > It's safe to leave the first three as is but shuffle the remaining ciphers
-    > and you can bypass the TLS fingerprint check.
+    @property
+    def is_closed(self) -> bool:
+        return self._closed

-    .. _What Is TLS Fingerprint and How to Bypass It:
-       https://www.zenrows.com/blog/what-is-tls-fingerprint#how-to-bypass-tls-fingerprinting
-
-    """
-    c_list = [cipher["name"] for cipher in ssl_context.get_ciphers()]
-    sc_list, c_list = c_list[:3], c_list[3:]
-    random.shuffle(c_list)
-    ssl_context.set_ciphers(":".join(sc_list + c_list))
-
-
-def get_sslcontexts(
-    proxy_url: str | None = None, cert: CertTypes | None = None, verify: bool = True, trust_env: bool = True
-) -> SSLContext:
-    key: SslContextKeyType = (proxy_url, cert, verify, trust_env)
-    if key not in SSLCONTEXTS:
-        SSLCONTEXTS[key] = httpx.create_ssl_context(verify, cert, trust_env)
-    shuffle_ciphers(SSLCONTEXTS[key])
-    return SSLCONTEXTS[key]
-
-
-class AsyncHTTPTransportNoHttp(httpx.AsyncHTTPTransport):
-    """Block HTTP request
-
-    The constructor is blank because httpx.AsyncHTTPTransport.__init__ creates an SSLContext unconditionally:
-    https://github.com/encode/httpx/blob/0f61aa58d66680c239ce43c8cdd453e7dc532bfc/httpx/_transports/default.py#L271
-
-    Each SSLContext consumes more than 500kb of memory, since there is about one network per engine.
-
-    In consequence, this class overrides all public methods
-
-    For reference: https://github.com/encode/httpx/issues/2298
-    """
-
-    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):  # type: ignore
-        # pylint: disable=super-init-not-called
-        # this on purpose if the base class is not called
-        pass
-
-    async def handle_async_request(self, request: httpx.Request):
-        raise httpx.UnsupportedProtocol('HTTP protocol is disabled')
+    def check_url(self, url: str) -> None:
+        if not self.enable_http and str(url).startswith("http://"):
+            raise InvalidSchema("HTTP protocol is disabled")

    async def aclose(self) -> None:
-        pass
-
-    async def __aenter__(self):
-        return self
-
-    async def __aexit__(
-        self,
-        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None = None,
-        exc_value: BaseException | None = None,
-        traceback: TracebackType | None = None,
-    ) -> None:
-        pass
-
-
-class AsyncProxyTransportFixed(AsyncProxyTransport):
-    """Fix httpx_socks.AsyncProxyTransport
-
-    Map python_socks exceptions to httpx.ProxyError exceptions
-    """
-
-    async def handle_async_request(self, request: httpx.Request):
+        if self._closed:
+            return
+        self._closed = True
        try:
-            return await super().handle_async_request(request)
-        except ProxyConnectionError as e:
-            raise httpx.ProxyError("ProxyConnectionError: " + str(e.strerror), request=request) from e
-        except ProxyTimeoutError as e:
-            raise httpx.ProxyError("ProxyTimeoutError: " + str(e.args[0]), request=request) from e
-        except ProxyError as e:
-            raise httpx.ProxyError("ProxyError: " + str(e.args[0]), request=request) from e
+            await self.close()
+        except RequestException:
+            pass


-def get_transport_for_socks_proxy(
-    verify: bool, http2: bool, local_address: str, proxy_url: str, limit: httpx.Limits, retries: int
-):
-    # support socks5h (requests compatibility):
-    # https://requests.readthedocs.io/en/master/user/advanced/#socks
-    # socks5://   hostname is resolved on client side
-    # socks5h://  hostname is resolved on proxy side
-    rdns = False
-    socks5h = 'socks5h://'
-    if proxy_url.startswith(socks5h):
-        proxy_url = 'socks5://' + proxy_url[len(socks5h) :]
-        rdns = True
-
-    proxy_type, proxy_host, proxy_port, proxy_username, proxy_password = parse_proxy_url(proxy_url)
-    _verify = get_sslcontexts(proxy_url, None, verify, True) if verify is True else verify
-    return AsyncProxyTransportFixed(
-        proxy_type=proxy_type,
-        proxy_host=proxy_host,
-        proxy_port=proxy_port,
-        username=proxy_username,
-        password=proxy_password,
-        rdns=rdns,
-        verify=_verify,  # pyright: ignore[reportArgumentType]
-        http2=http2,
-        local_address=local_address,
-        limits=limit,
-        retries=retries,
-    )
-
-
-def get_transport(
-    verify: bool, http2: bool, local_address: str, proxy_url: str | None, limit: httpx.Limits, retries: int
-):
-    _verify = get_sslcontexts(None, None, verify, True) if verify is True else verify
-    return httpx.AsyncHTTPTransport(
-        # pylint: disable=protected-access
-        verify=_verify,
-        http2=http2,
-        limits=limit,
-        proxy=httpx._config.Proxy(proxy_url) if proxy_url else None,  # pyright: ignore[reportPrivateUsage]
-        local_address=local_address,
-        retries=retries,
-    )
+def _proxy_kwargs(proxies: dict[str, str], enable_http: bool) -> dict[str, t.Any]:
+    """Map settings.yml proxy keys (``all://``, ``https://``) to curl_cffi."""
+    mapped: dict[str, str] = {}
+    all_proxy: str | None = None
+    for pattern, proxy_url in proxies.items():
+        if not enable_http and pattern.startswith("http://"):
+            continue
+        if pattern.startswith("https"):
+            mapped["https"] = proxy_url
+        elif pattern.startswith("http"):
+            mapped["http"] = proxy_url
+        else:
+            all_proxy = proxy_url
+    if all_proxy:
+        return {"proxy": all_proxy}
+    if mapped:
+        return {"proxies": mapped}
+    return {}


 def new_client(
    # pylint: disable=too-many-arguments
    enable_http: bool,
-    verify: bool,
+    verify: bool | str,
    enable_http2: bool,
+    enable_http3: bool,
    max_connections: int,
-    max_keepalive_connections: int,
-    keepalive_expiry: float,
    proxies: dict[str, str],
-    local_address: str,
-    retries: int,
+    local_address: str | None,
    max_redirects: int,
-    hook_log_response: t.Callable[..., t.Any] | None,
-) -> httpx.AsyncClient:
-    limit = httpx.Limits(
-        max_connections=max_connections,
-        max_keepalive_connections=max_keepalive_connections,
-        keepalive_expiry=keepalive_expiry,
-    )
-    # See https://www.python-httpx.org/advanced/#routing
-    mounts = {}
-    mounts: None | (dict[str, t.Any | None]) = {}
-    for pattern, proxy_url in proxies.items():
-        if not enable_http and pattern.startswith('http://'):
-            continue
-        if proxy_url.startswith('socks4://') or proxy_url.startswith('socks5://') or proxy_url.startswith('socks5h://'):
-            mounts[pattern] = get_transport_for_socks_proxy(
-                verify, enable_http2, local_address, proxy_url, limit, retries
-            )
-        else:
-            mounts[pattern] = get_transport(verify, enable_http2, local_address, proxy_url, limit, retries)
-
-    if not enable_http:
-        mounts['http://'] = AsyncHTTPTransportNoHttp()
-
-    transport = get_transport(verify, enable_http2, local_address, None, limit, retries)
-
-    event_hooks = None
-    if hook_log_response:
-        event_hooks = {'response': [hook_log_response]}
-
-    return httpx.AsyncClient(
-        transport=transport,
-        mounts=mounts,
-        max_redirects=max_redirects,
-        event_hooks=event_hooks,
-    )
+    impersonate: str = DEFAULT_IMPERSONATE,
+    curl_options: dict[int, t.Any] | None = None,
+) -> AsyncClient:
+    extra_curl = dict(curl_options or {})
+    cert_file = os.environ.get("SSL_CERT_FILE")
+    if cert_file:
+        extra_curl.setdefault(CurlOpt.CAINFO, cert_file)
+    cert_dir = os.environ.get("SSL_CERT_DIR")
+    if cert_dir:
+        extra_curl.setdefault(CurlOpt.CAPATH, cert_dir)
+    use_impersonate = impersonate not in ("", NO_IMPERSONATE)
+    kwargs: dict[str, t.Any] = {
+        "enable_http": enable_http,
+        "verify": verify,
+        "max_redirects": max_redirects,
+        "max_clients": max_connections or 10,
+        "response_class": SXNG_Response,
+        "discard_cookies": True,
+        **_proxy_kwargs(proxies, enable_http),
+    }
+    if use_impersonate:
+        kwargs["impersonate"] = impersonate
+        kwargs["default_headers"] = True
+    if local_address:
+        kwargs["interface"] = local_address
+    if not enable_http2:
+        kwargs["http_version"] = CurlHttpVersion.V1_1
+    elif enable_http3 and not proxies:
+        kwargs["http_version"] = CurlHttpVersion.V3
+    else:
+        kwargs["http_version"] = CurlHttpVersion.V2_0
+    if extra_curl:
+        kwargs["curl_options"] = extra_curl
+    return AsyncClient(**kwargs)


 def get_loop() -> asyncio.AbstractEventLoop:
@@ -210,30 +117,18 @@ def get_loop() -> asyncio.AbstractEventLoop:


 def init():
-    # log
-    for logger_name in (
-        'httpx',
-        'httpcore.proxy',
-        'httpcore.connection',
-        'httpcore.http11',
-        'httpcore.http2',
-        'hpack.hpack',
-        'hpack.table',
-    ):
-        logging.getLogger(logger_name).setLevel(logging.WARNING)
+    logging.getLogger("curl_cffi").setLevel(logging.WARNING)
+
+    ready = threading.Event()

-    # loop
    def loop_thread():
        global LOOP
        LOOP = asyncio.new_event_loop()
+        ready.set()
        LOOP.run_forever()

-    thread = threading.Thread(
-        target=loop_thread,
-        name='asyncio_loop',
-        daemon=True,
-    )
-    thread.start()
+    threading.Thread(target=loop_thread, name="asyncio_loop", daemon=True).start()
+    ready.wait()


 init()
--- a/searx/network/network.py
+++ b/searx/network/network.py
@@ -13,11 +13,16 @@ import asyncio
 import ipaddress
 from itertools import cycle

-import httpx
+from curl_cffi import CurlHttpVersion
+from curl_cffi.requests.exceptions import (
+    ConnectionError as CurlConnectionError,
+    ProxyError,
+    RequestException,
+)

 from searx import logger, sxng_debug
 from searx.extended_types import SXNG_Response
-from .client import new_client, get_loop, AsyncHTTPTransportNoHttp
+from .client import DEFAULT_IMPERSONATE, AsyncClient, new_client, get_loop
 from .raise_for_httperror import raise_for_httperror


@@ -48,9 +53,8 @@ class Network:
        'enable_http',
        'verify',
        'enable_http2',
+        'enable_http3',
        'max_connections',
-        'max_keepalive_connections',
-        'keepalive_expiry',
        'local_addresses',
        'proxies',
        'using_tor_proxy',
@@ -64,6 +68,7 @@ class Network:
    )

    _TOR_CHECK_RESULT = {}
+    _CLIENT_KWARGS = ('verify', 'max_redirects', 'impersonate', 'curl_options', 'enable_http3')

    def __init__(
        # pylint: disable=too-many-arguments
@@ -71,9 +76,8 @@ class Network:
        enable_http: bool = True,
        verify: bool = True,
        enable_http2: bool = False,
+        enable_http3: bool = False,
        max_connections: int = None,  # pyright: ignore[reportArgumentType]
-        max_keepalive_connections: int = None,  # pyright: ignore[reportArgumentType]
-        keepalive_expiry: float = None,  # pyright: ignore[reportArgumentType]
        proxies: str | dict[str, str] | None = None,
        using_tor_proxy: bool = False,
        local_addresses: str | list[str] | None = None,
@@ -86,9 +90,8 @@ class Network:
        self.enable_http = enable_http
        self.verify = verify
        self.enable_http2 = enable_http2
+        self.enable_http3 = enable_http3
        self.max_connections = max_connections
-        self.max_keepalive_connections = max_keepalive_connections
-        self.keepalive_expiry = keepalive_expiry
        self.proxies = proxies
        self.using_tor_proxy = using_tor_proxy
        self.local_addresses = local_addresses
@@ -137,7 +140,6 @@ class Network:
    def iter_proxies(self) -> Generator[tuple[str, list[str]]]:
        if not self.proxies:
            return
-        # https://www.python-httpx.org/compatibility/#proxy-keys
        if isinstance(self.proxies, str):
            yield 'all://', [self.proxies]
        else:
@@ -155,62 +157,73 @@ class Network:
            # pylint: disable=stop-iteration-return
            yield tuple((pattern, next(proxy_url_cycle)) for pattern, proxy_url_cycle in proxy_settings.items())

-    async def log_response(self, response: httpx.Response):
+    _HTTP_VERSION = {
+        int(CurlHttpVersion.V1_0): "HTTP/1.0",
+        int(CurlHttpVersion.V1_1): "HTTP/1.1",
+        int(CurlHttpVersion.V2_0): "HTTP/2",
+        int(CurlHttpVersion.V2TLS): "HTTP/2",
+        int(CurlHttpVersion.V2_PRIOR_KNOWLEDGE): "HTTP/2",
+        int(CurlHttpVersion.V3): "HTTP/3",
+        int(CurlHttpVersion.V3ONLY): "HTTP/3",
+    }
+
+    async def log_response(self, response: SXNG_Response):
        request = response.request
-        status = f"{response.status_code} {response.reason_phrase}"
-        response_line = f"{response.http_version} {status}"
+        http_version = self._HTTP_VERSION.get(response.http_version, str(response.http_version))
+        status = f"{response.status_code} {response.reason}"
+        response_line = f"{http_version} {status}"
        content_type = response.headers.get("Content-Type")
        content_type = f' ({content_type})' if content_type else ''
-        self._logger.debug(f'HTTP Request: {request.method} {request.url} "{response_line}"{content_type}')
+        method = request.method if request else "?"
+        url = request.url if request else response.url
+        self._logger.debug(f'HTTP Request: {method} {url} "{response_line}"{content_type}')

    @staticmethod
-    async def check_tor_proxy(client: httpx.AsyncClient, proxies) -> bool:
+    async def check_tor_proxy(client: AsyncClient, proxies) -> bool:
        if proxies in Network._TOR_CHECK_RESULT:
            return Network._TOR_CHECK_RESULT[proxies]

-        result = True
-        # ignore client._transport because it is not used with all://
-        for transport in client._mounts.values():  # pylint: disable=protected-access
-            if isinstance(transport, AsyncHTTPTransportNoHttp):
-                continue
-            if getattr(transport, "_pool") and getattr(
-                # pylint: disable=protected-access
-                transport._pool,  # type: ignore
-                "_rdns",
-                False,
-            ):
-                continue
+        if not proxies or not all(url.startswith('socks5h://') for _, url in proxies):
+            Network._TOR_CHECK_RESULT[proxies] = False
            return False
+
        response = await client.get("https://check.torproject.org/api/ip", timeout=60)
-        if not response.json()["IsTor"]:
-            result = False
+        result = bool(response.json()["IsTor"])
        Network._TOR_CHECK_RESULT[proxies] = result
        return result

-    async def get_client(self, verify: bool | None = None, max_redirects: int | None = None) -> httpx.AsyncClient:
+    async def get_client(
+        self,
+        verify: bool | None = None,
+        max_redirects: int | None = None,
+        impersonate: str | None = None,
+        curl_options: dict[int, t.Any] | None = None,
+        enable_http3: bool | None = None,
+    ) -> AsyncClient:
        verify = self.verify if verify is None else verify
        max_redirects = self.max_redirects if max_redirects is None else max_redirects
+        impersonate = impersonate or DEFAULT_IMPERSONATE
+        enable_http3 = self.enable_http3 if enable_http3 is None else enable_http3
        local_address = next(self._local_addresses_cycle)
        proxies = next(self._proxies_cycle)  # is a tuple so it can be part of the key
-        key = (verify, max_redirects, local_address, proxies)
-        hook_log_response = self.log_response if sxng_debug else None
+        curl_key = tuple(sorted((int(k), v) for k, v in (curl_options or {}).items()))
+        key = (verify, max_redirects, local_address, proxies, impersonate, curl_key, enable_http3)
        if key not in self._clients or self._clients[key].is_closed:
            client = new_client(
                self.enable_http,
                verify,
                self.enable_http2,
+                enable_http3,
                self.max_connections,
-                self.max_keepalive_connections,
-                self.keepalive_expiry,
                dict(proxies),
                local_address,
-                0,
                max_redirects,
-                hook_log_response,
+                impersonate=impersonate,
+                curl_options=curl_options,
            )
            if self.using_tor_proxy and not await self.check_tor_proxy(client, proxies):
                await client.aclose()
-                raise httpx.ProxyError('Network configuration problem: not using Tor')
+                raise ProxyError('Network configuration problem: not using Tor')
            self._clients[key] = client
        return self._clients[key]

@@ -218,22 +231,14 @@ class Network:
        async def close_client(client):
            try:
                await client.aclose()
-            except httpx.HTTPError:
+            except RequestException:
                pass

        await asyncio.gather(*[close_client(client) for client in self._clients.values()], return_exceptions=False)

    @staticmethod
    def extract_kwargs_clients(kwargs: dict[str, t.Any]) -> dict[str, t.Any]:
-        kwargs_clients: dict[str, t.Any] = {}
-        if 'verify' in kwargs:
-            kwargs_clients['verify'] = kwargs.pop('verify')
-        if 'max_redirects' in kwargs:
-            kwargs_clients['max_redirects'] = kwargs.pop('max_redirects')
-        if 'allow_redirects' in kwargs:
-            # see https://github.com/encode/httpx/pull/1808
-            kwargs['follow_redirects'] = kwargs.pop('allow_redirects')
-        return kwargs_clients
+        return {key: kwargs.pop(key) for key in Network._CLIENT_KWARGS if key in kwargs}

    @staticmethod
    def extract_do_raise_for_httperror(kwargs: dict[str, t.Any]):
@@ -243,23 +248,18 @@ class Network:
            del kwargs['raise_for_httperror']
        return do_raise_for_httperror

-    def patch_response(self, response: httpx.Response, do_raise_for_httperror: bool) -> SXNG_Response:
-        if isinstance(response, httpx.Response):
-            response = t.cast(SXNG_Response, response)
-            # requests compatibility (response is not streamed)
-            # see also https://www.python-httpx.org/compatibility/#checking-for-4xx5xx-responses
-            response.ok = not response.is_error
-
-            # raise an exception
-            if do_raise_for_httperror:
-                try:
-                    raise_for_httperror(response)
-                except:
-                    self._logger.warning(f"HTTP Request failed: {response.request.method} {response.request.url}")
-                    raise
+    def patch_response(self, response: SXNG_Response, do_raise_for_httperror: bool) -> SXNG_Response:
+        if do_raise_for_httperror:
+            try:
+                raise_for_httperror(response)
+            except:
+                method = response.request.method if response.request else "?"
+                url = response.request.url if response.request else response.url
+                self._logger.warning(f"HTTP Request failed: {method} {url}")
+                raise
        return response

-    def is_valid_response(self, response: httpx.Response):
+    def is_valid_response(self, response: SXNG_Response):
        # pylint: disable=too-many-boolean-expressions
        if (
            (self.retry_on_http_error is True and 400 <= response.status_code <= 599)
@@ -276,26 +276,29 @@ class Network:
        kwargs_clients = Network.extract_kwargs_clients(kwargs)
        while retries >= 0:  # pragma: no cover
            client = await self.get_client(**kwargs_clients)
-            cookies = kwargs.pop("cookies", None)
-            client.cookies = httpx.Cookies(cookies)
            try:
+                method = method.upper()
+                client.check_url(url)
                if stream:
                    return client.stream(method, url, **kwargs)

                response = await client.request(method, url, **kwargs)
+                if sxng_debug:
+                    await self.log_response(response)
                if self.is_valid_response(response) or retries <= 0:
                    return self.patch_response(response, do_raise_for_httperror)
-            except httpx.RemoteProtocolError as e:
+                await client.aclose()
+            except CurlConnectionError as e:
                if not was_disconnected:
                    # the server has closed the connection:
                    # try again without decreasing the retries variable & with a new HTTP client
                    was_disconnected = True
                    await client.aclose()
-                    self._logger.warning('httpx.RemoteProtocolError: the server has disconnected, retrying')
+                    self._logger.warning('ConnectionError: the server has disconnected, retrying')
                    continue
                if retries <= 0:
                    raise e
-            except (httpx.RequestError, httpx.HTTPStatusError) as e:
+            except RequestException as e:
                if retries <= 0:
                    raise e
            retries -= 1
@@ -346,15 +349,12 @@ def initialize(
    settings_engines = settings_engines or settings['engines']
    settings_outgoing = settings_outgoing or settings['outgoing']

-    # default parameters for AsyncHTTPTransport
-    # see https://github.com/encode/httpx/blob/e05a5372eb6172287458b37447c30f650047e1b8/httpx/_transports/default.py#L108-L121  # pylint: disable=line-too-long
    default_params: dict[str, t.Any] = {
        'enable_http': False,
        'verify': settings_outgoing['verify'],
        'enable_http2': settings_outgoing['enable_http2'],
+        'enable_http3': False,
        'max_connections': settings_outgoing['pool_connections'],
-        'max_keepalive_connections': settings_outgoing['pool_maxsize'],
-        'keepalive_expiry': settings_outgoing['keepalive_expiry'],
        'local_addresses': settings_outgoing['source_ips'],
        'using_tor_proxy': settings_outgoing['using_tor_proxy'],
        'proxies': settings_outgoing['proxies'],
@@ -424,9 +424,6 @@ def initialize(
 def done():
    """Close all HTTP client

-    Avoid a warning at exit
-    See https://github.com/encode/httpx/pull/2026
-
    Note: since Network.aclose has to be async, it is not possible to call this method on Network.__del__
    So Network.aclose is called here using atexit.register
    """
--- a/searx/network/raise_for_httperror.py
+++ b/searx/network/raise_for_httperror.py
@@ -59,13 +59,10 @@ def raise_for_captcha(resp: "SXNG_Response"):


 def raise_for_httperror(resp: "SXNG_Response") -> None:
-    """Raise exception for an HTTP response is an error.
-
-    Args:
-        resp (requests.Response): Response to check
+    """Raise an exception if the HTTP response is an error.

    Raises:
-        requests.HTTPError: raise by resp.raise_for_status()
+        curl_cffi.requests.exceptions.HTTPError: raised by resp.raise_for_status()
        searx.exceptions.SearxEngineAccessDeniedException: raise when the HTTP status code is 402 or 403.
        searx.exceptions.SearxEngineTooManyRequestsException: raise when the HTTP status code is 429.
        searx.exceptions.SearxEngineCaptchaException: raise when if CATPCHA challenge is detected.
--- a/searx/plugins/tor_check.py
+++ b/searx/plugins/tor_check.py
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import typing

 import re
 from flask_babel import gettext
-from httpx import HTTPError
+from curl_cffi.requests.exceptions import RequestException

 from searx.network import get
 from searx.plugins import Plugin, PluginInfo
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ class SXNGPlugin(Plugin):
                resp = get(url_exit_list)
                node_list = re.findall(reg, resp.text)  # type: ignore

-            except HTTPError:
+            except RequestException:
                # No answer, return error
                msg = gettext("Could not download the list of Tor exit-nodes from")
                results.add(results.types.Answer(answer=f"{msg} {url_exit_list}"))
--- a/searx/result_types/init.py
+++ b/searx/result_types/init.py
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 __all__ = [
    "Result",
    "MainResult",
+    "LegacyResult",
    "KeyValue",
    "EngineResults",
    "AnswerSet",
--- a/searx/result_types/_base.py
+++ b/searx/result_types/_base.py
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ from collections.abc import Callable
 import msgspec

 from searx import logger
+from searx.utils import get_embedded_stream_url

 log = logger.getChild("result_types")

@@ -480,6 +481,7 @@ class LegacyResult(dict[str, t.Any]):
    category: str
    publishedDate: datetime.datetime | None
    pubdate: str = ""
+    iframe_src: str | None

    # infobox result
    urls: list[dict[str, str]]
@@ -509,6 +511,7 @@ class LegacyResult(dict[str, t.Any]):
        self["score"] = self.get("score", 0)
        self["category"] = self.get("category", "")
        self["publishedDate"] = self.get("publishedDate")
+        self["iframe_src"] = self.get("iframe_src")

        if "infobox" in self:
            self["urls"] = self.get("urls", [])
@@ -531,6 +534,10 @@ class LegacyResult(dict[str, t.Any]):
                DeprecationWarning,
            )

+        # TODO: move into typed video results class once it is implemented  # pylint: disable=fixme
+        if self.template == "videos.html" and self.url and not self.iframe_src:
+            self.iframe_src = get_embedded_stream_url(self.url)
+
    def __getattr__(self, name: str, default: t.Any = UNSET) -> t.Any:
        if default == UNSET and name not in self:
            raise AttributeError(f"LegacyResult object has no field named: {name}")
--- a/searx/search/processors/online.py
+++ b/searx/search/processors/online.py
@@ -8,10 +8,9 @@ import typing as t
 from timeit import default_timer
 import asyncio
 import ssl
-import httpx
+from curl_cffi.requests.exceptions import RequestException, Timeout

 import searx.network
-from searx.utils import gen_useragent
 from searx.exceptions import (
    SearxEngineAccessDeniedException,
    SearxEngineCaptchaException,
@@ -39,21 +38,21 @@ class HTTPParams(t.TypedDict):
    """Sending `form encoded data`_.

    .. _form encoded data:
-       https://www.python-httpx.org/quickstart/#sending-form-encoded-data
+       https://curl-cffi.readthedocs.io/en/latest/quick_start.html#form-submit
    """

    json: dict[str, t.Any]
    """`Sending `JSON encoded data`_.

    .. _JSON encoded data:
-       https://www.python-httpx.org/quickstart/#sending-json-encoded-data
+       https://curl-cffi.readthedocs.io/en/latest/quick_start.html#posting-json
    """

    content: bytes
    """`Sending `binary request data`_.

    .. _binary request data:
-       https://www.python-httpx.org/quickstart/#sending-json-encoded-data
+       https://curl-cffi.readthedocs.io/en/latest/quick_start.html#binary-data
    """

    url: str | None
@@ -71,13 +70,13 @@ class HTTPParams(t.TypedDict):
    soft_max_redirects: int
    """Maximum redirects, soft limit. Record an error but don't stop the engine."""

-    verify: None | t.Literal[False] | str  # not sure str really works
+    verify: None | t.Literal[False] | str
    """If not ``None``, it overrides the verify value defined in the network.  Use
    ``False`` to accept any server certificate and use a path to file to specify a
    server certificate"""

-    auth: str | None
-    """An authentication to use when sending requests."""
+    auth: tuple[str, str] | None
+    """Basic auth credentials ``(username, password)``."""

    raise_for_httperror: bool
    """Raise an exception if the `HTTP response status code`_ is ``>= 300``.
@@ -86,6 +85,12 @@ class HTTPParams(t.TypedDict):
        https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Reference/Status
    """

+    impersonate: t.NotRequired[str]
+    """curl_cffi impersonate target. Default: ``chrome``."""
+
+    curl_options: t.NotRequired[dict[int, t.Any]]
+    """Any extra libcurl options for the request."""
+

 class OnlineParams(HTTPParams, RequestParams):
    """Request parameters of a ``online`` engine."""
@@ -141,13 +146,6 @@ class OnlineProcessor(EngineProcessor):
        params: OnlineParams = {**default_request_params(), **base_params}

        headers = params["headers"]
-        headers["Accept-Encoding"] = "gzip, deflate"
-        headers["Cache-Control"] = "no-cache"
-        headers["DNT"] = "1"
-        headers["Connection"] = "keep-alive"
-
-        # add an user agent
-        headers["User-Agent"] = gen_useragent()

        # add Accept-Language header
        # https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Reference/Headers/Accept-Language
@@ -171,6 +169,9 @@ class OnlineProcessor(EngineProcessor):
            "cookies": params["cookies"],
            "auth": params["auth"],
        }
+        for key in ("curl_options", "impersonate"):
+            if params.get(key):
+                request_args[key] = params[key]

        verify = params.get("verify")
        if verify is not None:
@@ -211,7 +212,7 @@ class OnlineProcessor(EngineProcessor):
            # unexpected redirect : record an error
            # but the engine might still return valid results.
            status_code = str(response.status_code or "")
-            reason = response.reason_phrase or ""
+            reason = response.reason or ""
            hostname = response.url.host
            count_error(
                self.engine.name,
@@ -256,7 +257,7 @@ class OnlineProcessor(EngineProcessor):
            # requests timeout (connect or read)
            self.handle_exception(result_container, e, suspend=True)
            self.logger.debug("SSLError {}, verify={}".format(e, searx.network.get_network(self.engine.name).verify))
-        except (httpx.TimeoutException, asyncio.TimeoutError) as e:
+        except (Timeout, asyncio.TimeoutError) as e:
            # requests timeout (connect or read)
            self.handle_exception(result_container, e, suspend=True)
            self.logger.debug(
@@ -264,7 +265,7 @@ class OnlineProcessor(EngineProcessor):
                    default_timer() - start_time, timeout_limit, e.__class__.__name__
                )
            )
-        except (httpx.HTTPError, httpx.StreamError) as e:
+        except RequestException as e:
            # other requests exception
            self.handle_exception(result_container, e, suspend=True)
            self.logger.debug(
--- a/searx/settings.yml
+++ b/searx/settings.yml
@@ -183,20 +183,13 @@ outgoing:
  useragent_suffix: ""
  # The maximum number of concurrent connections that may be established.
  pool_connections: 100
-  # Allow the connection pool to maintain keep-alive connections below this
-  # point.
-  pool_maxsize: 20
-  # See https://www.python-httpx.org/http2/
+  # Enables the use of HTTP2
  enable_http2: true
  # uncomment below section if you want to use a custom server certificate
-  # see https://www.python-httpx.org/advanced/#changing-the-verification-defaults
-  # and https://www.python-httpx.org/compatibility/#ssl-configuration
+  # see https://curl-cffi.readthedocs.io/en/latest/quick_start.html
  #  verify: ~/.mitmproxy/mitmproxy-ca-cert.cer
  #
-  # uncomment below section if you want to use a proxyq see: SOCKS proxies
-  #   https://2.python-requests.org/en/latest/user/advanced/#proxies
-  # are also supported: see
-  #   https://2.python-requests.org/en/latest/user/advanced/#socks
+  # uncomment below section if you want to use a proxy
  #
  #  proxies:
  #    all://:
@@ -1296,22 +1289,6 @@ engines:
    shortcut: hn
    disabled: true

-  - name: heexy
-    engine: heexy
-    categories: general
-    heexy_categ: web
-    shortcut: he
-    disabled: true
-    inactive: true
-
-  - name: heexy images
-    engine: heexy
-    categories: images
-    heexy_categ: image
-    shortcut: hei
-    disabled: true
-    inactive: true
-
  - name: hex
    engine: hex
    shortcut: hex
@@ -3323,13 +3300,6 @@ engines:
      website: https://minecraft.wiki/
      wikidata_id: Q105533483

-  # s1search google engines / mirrors
-  - name: searchtoday
-    engine: s1search
-    shortcut: std
-    base_url: https://info.searchtoday.site
-    disabled: true
-
  - name: sina
    engine: json_engine
    shortcut: sina
@@ -3360,30 +3330,27 @@ engines:
      require_api_key: false
      results: JSON

-  # - name: webcrawler
-  #   engine: s1search
-  #   shortcut: wc
-  #   base_url: https://www.webcrawler.com
-  #   disabled: true
-
-  # s1search yahoo engines / mirrors
-  # - name: excite
-  #   engine: s1search
-  #   shortcut: exc
-  #   base_url: https://results.excite.com.s1search.co
-  #   disabled: true
-
-  # - name: metacrawler
-  #   engine: s1search
-  #   shortcut: mec
-  #   base_url: https://search.metacrawler.com
-  #   disabled: true
-
-  - name: infospace
+  # s1search engines / mirrors
+  - name: metacrawler
    engine: s1search
-    shortcut: ifs
-    base_url: https://search.infospace.com
+    shortcut: mec
+    base_url: https://search.metacrawler.com
    disabled: true
+    inactive: true
+
+  - name: zoo search
+    engine: s1search
+    shortcut: zoo
+    base_url: https://search.zoo.com
+    disabled: true
+    inactive: true
+
+  # s1search engines / mirrors with rampjs page layout
+  - name: s1search
+    engine: s1search_rampjs
+    shortcut: s1
+    disabled: true
+    inactive: true

 # Doku engine lets you access to any Doku wiki instance:
 # A public one or a privete/corporate one.
--- a/searx/settings_defaults.py
+++ b/searx/settings_defaults.py
@@ -253,8 +253,6 @@ SCHEMA: dict[str, t.Any] = {
        'verify': SettingsValue((bool, str), True),
        'max_request_timeout': SettingsValue((None, numbers.Real), None),
        'pool_connections': SettingsValue(int, 100),
-        'pool_maxsize': SettingsValue(int, 10),
-        'keepalive_expiry': SettingsValue(numbers.Real, 5.0),
        # default maximum redirect
        # from https://github.com/psf/requests/blob/8c211a96cdbe9fe320d63d9e1ae15c5c07e179f8/requests/models.py#L55
        'max_redirects': SettingsValue(int, 30),
--- a/searx/utils.py
+++ b/searx/utils.py
@@ -592,7 +592,7 @@ def eval_xpath_getindex(
    return default


-def get_embeded_stream_url(url: str):
+def get_embedded_stream_url(url: str):
    """
    Converts a standard video URL into its embed format. Supported services include Youtube,
    Facebook, Instagram, TikTok, Dailymotion, and Bilibili.
--- a/searx/webapp.py
+++ b/searx/webapp.py
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ import urllib.parse
 from urllib.parse import urlencode, urlparse, unquote

 import warnings
-import httpx
+from curl_cffi.requests.exceptions import RequestException

 from pygments import highlight
 from pygments.lexers import get_lexer_by_name
@@ -1027,7 +1027,7 @@ def image_proxy():
            return '', 400

        forward_resp = True
-    except httpx.HTTPError:
+    except RequestException:
        logger.exception('HTTP error')
        return '', 400
    finally:
@@ -1036,7 +1036,7 @@ def image_proxy():
            # we make sure to close the response between searxng and the HTTP server
            try:
                resp.close()
-            except httpx.HTTPError:
+            except RequestException:
                logger.exception('HTTP error on closing')

    def close_stream():
@@ -1046,7 +1046,7 @@ def image_proxy():
                resp.close()
            del resp
            del stream
-        except httpx.HTTPError as e:
+        except RequestException as e:
            logger.debug('Exception while closing response', e)

    try:
@@ -1054,7 +1054,7 @@ def image_proxy():
        response = Response(stream, mimetype=resp.headers['Content-Type'], headers=headers, direct_passthrough=True)
        response.call_on_close(close_stream)
        return response
-    except httpx.HTTPError:
+    except RequestException:
        close_stream()
        return '', 400

--- a/searx/webutils.py
+++ b/searx/webutils.py
@@ -42,18 +42,17 @@ exception_classname_to_text = {
    None: gettext('unexpected crash'),
    'timeout': timeout_text,
    'asyncio.TimeoutError': timeout_text,
-    'httpx.TimeoutException': timeout_text,
-    'httpx.ConnectTimeout': timeout_text,
-    'httpx.ReadTimeout': timeout_text,
-    'httpx.WriteTimeout': timeout_text,
-    'httpx.HTTPStatusError': gettext('HTTP error'),
-    'httpx.ConnectError': gettext("HTTP connection error"),
-    'httpx.RemoteProtocolError': http_protocol_error_text,
-    'httpx.LocalProtocolError': http_protocol_error_text,
-    'httpx.ProtocolError': http_protocol_error_text,
-    'httpx.ReadError': network_error_text,
-    'httpx.WriteError': network_error_text,
-    'httpx.ProxyError': gettext("proxy error"),
+    'curl_cffi.requests.exceptions.Timeout': timeout_text,
+    'curl_cffi.requests.exceptions.ConnectTimeout': timeout_text,
+    'curl_cffi.requests.exceptions.ReadTimeout': timeout_text,
+    'curl_cffi.requests.exceptions.HTTPError': gettext('HTTP error'),
+    'curl_cffi.requests.exceptions.ConnectionError': gettext("HTTP connection error"),
+    'curl_cffi.requests.exceptions.DNSError': gettext("HTTP connection error"),
+    'curl_cffi.requests.exceptions.IncompleteRead': http_protocol_error_text,
+    'curl_cffi.requests.exceptions.SSLError': ssl_cert_error_text,
+    'curl_cffi.requests.exceptions.CertificateVerifyError': ssl_cert_error_text,
+    'curl_cffi.requests.exceptions.ProxyError': gettext("proxy error"),
+    'curl_cffi.requests.exceptions.RequestException': network_error_text,
    'searx.exceptions.SearxEngineCaptchaException': gettext("CAPTCHA"),
    'searx.exceptions.SearxEngineTooManyRequestsException': gettext("too many requests"),
    'searx.exceptions.SearxEngineAccessDeniedException': gettext("access denied"),
--- a/tests/unit/engines/test_command.py
+++ b/tests/unit/engines/test_command.py
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ commit '''
            'date': r'Date: .*',
            'message': r'\n\n.*$',
        }
-        git_log_engine.init({"command": git_log_engine.command, "parse_regex": git_log_engine.parse_regex})
+        git_log_engine.setup({"command": git_log_engine.command, "parse_regex": git_log_engine.parse_regex})
        expected_results = [
            {
                'commit': '35f9a8c81d162a361b826bbcd4a1081a4fbe76a7',
--- a/tests/unit/network/test_network.py
+++ b/tests/unit/network/test_network.py
@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
 # pylint: disable=missing-module-docstring,disable=missing-class-docstring,invalid-name

-import httpx
-from mock import patch
+from curl_cffi.requests.exceptions import RequestException
+from mock import Mock, patch

+from searx.network.client import AsyncClient
 from searx.network.network import Network, NETWORKS
 from tests import SearxTestCase

@@ -83,11 +84,16 @@ class TestNetwork(SearxTestCase):
        self.assertEqual(len(kwargs), 2)

        self.assertEqual(kwargs['timeout'], 2)
-        self.assertEqual(kwargs['follow_redirects'], True)
+        self.assertEqual(kwargs['allow_redirects'], True)

        self.assertTrue(kwargs_client['verify'])
        self.assertEqual(kwargs_client['max_redirects'], 5)

+        kwargs = {'impersonate': 'chrome99_android', 'curl_options': {1: 'x'}, 'timeout': 1}
+        kwargs_client = Network.extract_kwargs_clients(kwargs)
+        self.assertEqual(kwargs_client, {'impersonate': 'chrome99_android', 'curl_options': {1: 'x'}})
+        self.assertEqual(kwargs, {'timeout': 1})
+
    async def test_get_client(self):
        network = Network(verify=True)
        client1 = await network.get_client()
@@ -103,6 +109,9 @@ class TestNetwork(SearxTestCase):
        self.assertNotEqual(client1, client5)
        self.assertEqual(client3, client6)

+        client7 = await network.get_client(impersonate="chrome99_android", enable_http3=True)
+        self.assertNotEqual(client1, client7)
+
        await network.aclose()

    async def test_aclose(self):
@@ -112,8 +121,8 @@ class TestNetwork(SearxTestCase):

    async def test_request(self):
        a_text = 'Lorem Ipsum'
-        response = httpx.Response(status_code=200, text=a_text)
-        with patch.object(httpx.AsyncClient, 'request', return_value=response):
+        response = Mock(status_code=200, text=a_text)
+        with patch.object(AsyncClient, 'request', return_value=response):
            network = Network(enable_http=True)
            response = await network.request('GET', 'https://example.com/')
            self.assertEqual(response.text, a_text)
@@ -135,34 +144,34 @@ class TestNetworkRequestRetries(SearxTestCase):
            nonlocal first
            if first:
                first = False
-                return httpx.Response(status_code=403, text=TestNetworkRequestRetries.TEXT)
-            return httpx.Response(status_code=200, text=TestNetworkRequestRetries.TEXT)
+                return Mock(status_code=403, text=TestNetworkRequestRetries.TEXT)
+            return Mock(status_code=200, text=TestNetworkRequestRetries.TEXT)

        return get_response

    async def test_retries_ok(self):
-        with patch.object(httpx.AsyncClient, 'request', new=TestNetworkRequestRetries.get_response_404_then_200()):
+        with patch.object(AsyncClient, 'request', new=TestNetworkRequestRetries.get_response_404_then_200()):
            network = Network(enable_http=True, retries=1, retry_on_http_error=403)
            response = await network.request('GET', 'https://example.com/', raise_for_httperror=False)
            self.assertEqual(response.text, TestNetworkRequestRetries.TEXT)
            await network.aclose()

    async def test_retries_fail_int(self):
-        with patch.object(httpx.AsyncClient, 'request', new=TestNetworkRequestRetries.get_response_404_then_200()):
+        with patch.object(AsyncClient, 'request', new=TestNetworkRequestRetries.get_response_404_then_200()):
            network = Network(enable_http=True, retries=0, retry_on_http_error=403)
            response = await network.request('GET', 'https://example.com/', raise_for_httperror=False)
            self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 403)
            await network.aclose()

    async def test_retries_fail_list(self):
-        with patch.object(httpx.AsyncClient, 'request', new=TestNetworkRequestRetries.get_response_404_then_200()):
+        with patch.object(AsyncClient, 'request', new=TestNetworkRequestRetries.get_response_404_then_200()):
            network = Network(enable_http=True, retries=0, retry_on_http_error=[403, 429])
            response = await network.request('GET', 'https://example.com/', raise_for_httperror=False)
            self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 403)
            await network.aclose()

    async def test_retries_fail_bool(self):
-        with patch.object(httpx.AsyncClient, 'request', new=TestNetworkRequestRetries.get_response_404_then_200()):
+        with patch.object(AsyncClient, 'request', new=TestNetworkRequestRetries.get_response_404_then_200()):
            network = Network(enable_http=True, retries=0, retry_on_http_error=True)
            response = await network.request('GET', 'https://example.com/', raise_for_httperror=False)
            self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 403)
@@ -175,10 +184,10 @@ class TestNetworkRequestRetries(SearxTestCase):
            nonlocal request_count
            request_count += 1
            if request_count < 3:
-                raise httpx.RequestError('fake exception', request=None)
-            return httpx.Response(status_code=200, text=TestNetworkRequestRetries.TEXT)
+                raise RequestException('fake exception')
+            return Mock(status_code=200, text=TestNetworkRequestRetries.TEXT)

-        with patch.object(httpx.AsyncClient, 'request', new=get_response):
+        with patch.object(AsyncClient, 'request', new=get_response):
            network = Network(enable_http=True, retries=2)
            response = await network.request('GET', 'https://example.com/', raise_for_httperror=False)
            self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
@@ -187,11 +196,11 @@ class TestNetworkRequestRetries(SearxTestCase):

    async def test_retries_exception(self):
        async def get_response(*args, **kwargs):
-            raise httpx.RequestError('fake exception', request=None)
+            raise RequestException('fake exception')

-        with patch.object(httpx.AsyncClient, 'request', new=get_response):
+        with patch.object(AsyncClient, 'request', new=get_response):
            network = Network(enable_http=True, retries=0)
-            with self.assertRaises(httpx.RequestError):
+            with self.assertRaises(RequestException):
                await network.request('GET', 'https://example.com/', raise_for_httperror=False)
            await network.aclose()

@@ -211,22 +220,22 @@ class TestNetworkStreamRetries(SearxTestCase):
            nonlocal first
            if first:
                first = False
-                raise httpx.RequestError('fake exception', request=None)
-            return httpx.Response(status_code=200, text=TestNetworkStreamRetries.TEXT)
+                raise RequestException('fake exception')
+            return Mock(status_code=200, text=TestNetworkStreamRetries.TEXT)

        return stream

    async def test_retries_ok(self):
-        with patch.object(httpx.AsyncClient, 'stream', new=TestNetworkStreamRetries.get_response_exception_then_200()):
+        with patch.object(AsyncClient, 'stream', new=TestNetworkStreamRetries.get_response_exception_then_200()):
            network = Network(enable_http=True, retries=1, retry_on_http_error=403)
            response = await network.stream('GET', 'https://example.com/')
            self.assertEqual(response.text, TestNetworkStreamRetries.TEXT)
            await network.aclose()

    async def test_retries_fail(self):
-        with patch.object(httpx.AsyncClient, 'stream', new=TestNetworkStreamRetries.get_response_exception_then_200()):
+        with patch.object(AsyncClient, 'stream', new=TestNetworkStreamRetries.get_response_exception_then_200()):
            network = Network(enable_http=True, retries=0, retry_on_http_error=403)
-            with self.assertRaises(httpx.RequestError):
+            with self.assertRaises(RequestException):
                await network.stream('GET', 'https://example.com/')
            await network.aclose()

@@ -237,10 +246,10 @@ class TestNetworkStreamRetries(SearxTestCase):
            nonlocal first
            if first:
                first = False
-                return httpx.Response(status_code=403, text=TestNetworkRequestRetries.TEXT)
-            return httpx.Response(status_code=200, text=TestNetworkRequestRetries.TEXT)
+                return Mock(status_code=403, text=TestNetworkRequestRetries.TEXT)
+            return Mock(status_code=200, text=TestNetworkRequestRetries.TEXT)

-        with patch.object(httpx.AsyncClient, 'stream', new=stream):
+        with patch.object(AsyncClient, 'stream', new=stream):
            network = Network(enable_http=True, retries=0, retry_on_http_error=403)
            response = await network.stream('GET', 'https://example.com/', raise_for_httperror=False)
            self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 403)
--- a/tests/unit/processors/test_online.py
+++ b/tests/unit/processors/test_online.py
@@ -35,4 +35,4 @@ class TestOnlineProcessor(SearxTestCase):
        online_processor = online.OnlineProcessor(engine)
        search_query = SearchQuery('test', [EngineRef(TEST_ENGINE_NAME, 'general')], 'all', 0, 1, None, None, None)
        params = self._get_params(online_processor, search_query, 'general')
-        self.assertIn('User-Agent', params['headers'])
+        self.assertNotIn('User-Agent', params['headers'])
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
dependabot[bot]	23e7e4da00	[upd] github-actions: Bump docker/setup-qemu-action from 4.2.0 to 4.3.0 (#6644 ) Bumps [docker/setup-qemu-action](https://github.com/docker/setup-qemu-action) from 4.2.0 to 4.3.0. - [Release notes](https://github.com/docker/setup-qemu-action/releases) - [Commits](`96fe6ef7f3...1f40c72289`) --- updated-dependencies: - dependency-name: docker/setup-qemu-action dependency-version: 4.3.0 dependency-type: direct:production update-type: version-update:semver-minor ... Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com> Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>	2026-09-04 15:16:28 +02:00
Markus Heiser	15a91992e4	[docs] fix some minor reST markup issues in the doc-string (#6646 ) Signed-off-by: Markus Heiser <markus.heiser@darmarit.de>	2026-09-04 11:18:59 +02:00
Bnyro	03c439a5b9	[fix] marginalia: crashes with missing filter name	2026-09-04 10:33:42 +02:00
vojkovic	be836e614a	[mod] network: migrate to curl_cffi	2026-09-04 16:16:09 +08:00
Bnyro	15b0c8ef3a	[feat] engines: add JS-based s1search engine	2026-09-04 09:49:07 +02:00
Bnyro	a1144dda3e	[mod] engines: migrate video engines away from get_embedded_stream_url	2026-09-03 17:28:29 +02:00
Bnyro	86008c9dd6	[feat] results: automatically set embedded stream url for video results Currently, many engines that provide video results call the same `get_embedded_stream_url` method for setting the `iframe_src`. There is no value in that because this logic is engine-specific and probably many video engines forgot to implement this. With these changes, it's done automatically, so engine implementors don't have to worry about setting an `iframe_src` (unless the engine explicitly has a field for it).	2026-09-03 17:28:29 +02:00
Bnyro	8f452ee892	[fix] chatnoir: fails to extract API session parameters	2026-09-03 10:03:05 +02:00
Markus Heiser	745d5b6fc5	[fix] engine: braveapi - braveapi pagination sends an invalid offset (#6627 ) Closes: https://github.com/searxng/searxng/issues/6545	2026-09-03 07:52:31 +02:00
Bnyro	05cd77f71b	[mod] s1search: update mirrors to the ones that are not cloudflared	2026-09-02 16:59:05 +02:00
Om Alve	b4f616fed7	[mod] engines: migrate to setup() from init() for simple tasks	2026-09-02 16:30:00 +02:00
Markus Heiser	fd29de6c55	[fix] engine: meilisearch - AttributeError: no attribute 'about' (#6626 ) - Closes: https://github.com/searxng/searxng/issues/6622 Signed-off-by: Markus Heiser <markus.heiser@darmarit.de>	2026-09-02 14:26:22 +02:00
Bnyro	eca1af4be1	[del] heexy: remove engine due to cloudflare captcha (#6625 )	2026-09-02 13:43:03 +02:00
Markus Heiser	7a01f5830c	[fix] hardening engine: ddg weather - get GEO location from response (#6623 ) The previous implementation ran into an error if the search term contained words other than just the location (ValueError was raised). To test engine use search terms like: !ddw weather berlin germany Signed-off-by: Markus Heiser <markus.heiser@darmarit.de>	2026-09-02 13:40:53 +02:00
Ivan Gabaldon	18af21159b	[mod] py: clearurls update location (#6618 ) We should opt to retrieve the lists through jsDelivr service as our first choice and avoid hitting the GH (GitHub) and GL (GitLab) servers.	2026-09-01 21:43:50 +02:00
dependabot[bot]	248e37991c	[upd] web-client (simple): Bump the minor group (#6588 ) Bumps the minor group in /client/simple with 4 updates: [@biomejs/biome](https://github.com/biomejs/biome/tree/HEAD/packages/@biomejs/biome), [@types/node](https://github.com/DefinitelyTyped/DefinitelyTyped/tree/HEAD/types/node), [svgo](https://github.com/svg/svgo) and [vite](https://github.com/vitejs/vite/tree/HEAD/packages/vite). Updates `@biomejs/biome` from 2.5.9 to 2.5.10 - [Release notes](https://github.com/biomejs/biome/releases) - [Changelog](https://github.com/biomejs/biome/blob/main/packages/@biomejs/biome/CHANGELOG.md) - [Commits](https://github.com/biomejs/biome/commits/@biomejs/biome@2.5.10/packages/@biomejs/biome) Updates `@types/node` from 26.2.0 to 26.3.0 - [Release notes](https://github.com/DefinitelyTyped/DefinitelyTyped/releases) - [Commits](https://github.com/DefinitelyTyped/DefinitelyTyped/commits/HEAD/types/node) Updates `svgo` from 4.0.2 to 4.1.0 - [Release notes](https://github.com/svg/svgo/releases) - [Commits](https://github.com/svg/svgo/compare/v4.0.2...v4.1.0) Updates `vite` from 8.2.1 to 8.2.2 - [Release notes](https://github.com/vitejs/vite/releases) - [Changelog](https://github.com/vitejs/vite/blob/main/packages/vite/CHANGELOG.md) - [Commits](https://github.com/vitejs/vite/commits/v8.2.2/packages/vite) --- updated-dependencies: - dependency-name: "@biomejs/biome" dependency-version: 2.5.10 dependency-type: direct:development update-type: version-update:semver-patch dependency-group: minor - dependency-name: "@types/node" dependency-version: 26.3.0 dependency-type: direct:development update-type: version-update:semver-minor dependency-group: minor - dependency-name: svgo dependency-version: 4.1.0 dependency-type: direct:development update-type: version-update:semver-minor dependency-group: minor - dependency-name: vite dependency-version: 8.2.2 dependency-type: direct:development update-type: version-update:semver-patch dependency-group: minor ... Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com> Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>	2026-09-01 21:42:44 +02:00
github-actions[bot]	ff424745fd	[mod] data: update searx.data - update_external_bangs.py (#6593 ) Co-authored-by: searxng-bot <searxng-bot@users.noreply.github.com>	2026-09-01 21:38:36 +02:00