[upd] pypi: Bump the minor group with 4 updates

Bumps the minor group with 4 updates: [lxml](https://github.com/lxml/lxml), [curl-cffi](https://github.com/lexiforest/curl_cffi), [wlc](https://github.com/WeblateOrg/wlc) and [basedpyright](https://github.com/detachhead/basedpyright).


Updates `lxml` from 6.1.2 to 6.1.3
- [Release notes](https://github.com/lxml/lxml/releases)
- [Changelog](https://github.com/lxml/lxml/blob/master/CHANGES.txt)
- [Commits](https://github.com/lxml/lxml/compare/lxml-6.1.2...lxml-6.1.3)

Updates `curl-cffi` from 0.16.1 to 0.16.3
- [Release notes](https://github.com/lexiforest/curl_cffi/releases)
- [Changelog](https://github.com/lexiforest/curl_cffi/blob/main/docs/changelog.rst)
- [Commits](https://github.com/lexiforest/curl_cffi/compare/v0.16.1...v0.16.3)

Updates `wlc` from 2.1.1 to 2.2.0
- [Release notes](https://github.com/WeblateOrg/wlc/releases)
- [Changelog](https://github.com/WeblateOrg/wlc/blob/main/CHANGES.md)
- [Commits](https://github.com/WeblateOrg/wlc/compare/2.1.1...2.2.0)

Updates `basedpyright` from 1.39.10 to 1.40.0
- [Release notes](https://github.com/detachhead/basedpyright/releases)
- [Commits](https://github.com/detachhead/basedpyright/compare/v1.39.10...v1.40.0)

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: lxml
  dependency-version: 6.1.3
  dependency-type: direct:production
  update-type: version-update:semver-patch
  dependency-group: minor
- dependency-name: curl-cffi
  dependency-version: 0.16.3
  dependency-type: direct:production
  update-type: version-update:semver-patch
  dependency-group: minor
- dependency-name: wlc
  dependency-version: 2.2.0
  dependency-type: direct:development
  update-type: version-update:semver-minor
  dependency-group: minor
- dependency-name: basedpyright
  dependency-version: 1.40.0
  dependency-type: direct:development
  update-type: version-update:semver-minor
  dependency-group: minor
...

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>

.github/workflows/container.yml

@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ jobs:
           python-version: "${{ env.PYTHON_VERSION }}"
 
       - name: Setup QEMU
-        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@96fe6ef7f33517b61c61be40b68a1882f3264fb8  # v4.2.0
+        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@1f40c72289eff860ee54a304f1438e3cff362e0a  # v4.3.0
 
       - name: Checkout
         uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1  # v7.0.1
@@ -105,8 +105,9 @@ jobs:
             arch: amd64
           - runner: ubuntu-26.04-arm
             arch: arm64
-          - runner: ubuntu-26.04-arm
-            arch: armv7
+            #  FIXME: https://github.com/searxng/searxng/pull/6655#issuecomment-5550293085
+            # - runner: ubuntu-26.04-arm
+            #   arch: armv7
 
     steps:
       - name: Login to GHCR
@@ -117,7 +118,7 @@ jobs:
           password: "${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}"
 
       - name: Setup QEMU
-        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@96fe6ef7f33517b61c61be40b68a1882f3264fb8  # v4.2.0
+        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@1f40c72289eff860ee54a304f1438e3cff362e0a  # v4.3.0
 
       - name: Checkout
         uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1  # v7.0.1

client/simple/package.json

@@ -29,21 +29,21 @@
     "swiped-events": "1.2.0"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
-    "@biomejs/biome": "2.5.9",
-    "@types/node": "^26.2.0",
+    "@biomejs/biome": "2.5.11",
+    "@types/node": "^26.4.0",
     "browserslist": "^4.28.8",
     "browserslist-to-esbuild": "^2.1.1",
     "edge.js": "^6.5.1",
     "less": "^4.9.0",
     "mathjs": "^15.2.0",
-    "sharp": "~0.35.3",
+    "sharp": "~0.35.4",
     "sort-package-json": "^4.0.0",
     "stylelint": "^17.14.1",
     "stylelint-config-standard-less": "^4.1.0",
     "stylelint-prettier": "^5.0.3",
-    "svgo": "^4.0.2",
+    "svgo": "^4.1.0",
     "typescript": "~7.0.2",
-    "vite": "^8.2.1",
+    "vite": "^8.2.2",
     "vite-bundle-analyzer": "^1.3.9"
   }
 }

docs/admin/settings/settings_engines.rst

@@ -58,10 +58,9 @@ engine is shown.  Most of the options have a default value or even are optional.
 
      # overwrite values from section 'outgoing:'
      enable_http2: false
+     enable_http3: false
      retries: 1
      max_connections: 100
-     max_keepalive_connections: 10
-     keepalive_expiry: 5.0
      using_tor_proxy: false
      proxies:
        http:
@@ -163,6 +162,16 @@ engine is shown.  Most of the options have a default value or even are optional.
 ``enable_http`` : optional
   Enable HTTP for this engine (by default only HTTPS is enabled).
 
+``enable_http3`` : optional
+  Use HTTP/3 (falls back to HTTP/2).  Default ``false``.
+  Ignored when a proxy is set.
+
+  .. hint::
+
+     HTTP/3 places demands on the IP infrastructure that are not met in every
+     environment.  Enable this option only if you are aware of these requirements
+     and the extent to which they are met.
+
 ``retry_on_http_error`` : optional
   Retry request on some HTTP status code.
 
@@ -179,20 +188,12 @@ engine is shown.  Most of the options have a default value or even are optional.
   Using tor proxy (``true``) or not (``false``) for this engine.  The default is
   taken from ``using_tor_proxy`` of the :ref:`settings outgoing`.
 
-.. _Pool limit configuration: https://www.python-httpx.org/advanced/#pool-limit-configuration
-
-``max_keepalive_connection#s`` :
-  `Pool limit configuration`_, overwrites value ``pool_maxsize`` from
-   :ref:`settings outgoing` for this engine.
+.. _Pool limit configuration: https://curl-cffi.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api.html#sessions
 
 ``max_connections`` :
   `Pool limit configuration`_, overwrites value ``pool_connections`` from
   :ref:`settings outgoing` for this engine.
 
-``keepalive_expiry`` :
-  `Pool limit configuration`_, overwrites value ``keepalive_expiry`` from
-  :ref:`settings outgoing` for this engine.
-
 
 .. _private engines:
 

docs/admin/settings/settings_outgoing.rst

@@ -12,20 +12,12 @@ Communication with search engines.
      request_timeout: 2.0       # default timeout in seconds, can be override by engine
      max_request_timeout: 10.0  # the maximum timeout in seconds
      useragent_suffix: ""       # information like an email address to the administrator
-     pool_connections: 100      # Maximum number of allowable connections, or null
-                                # for no limits. The default is 100.
-     pool_maxsize: 10           # Number of allowable keep-alive connections, or null
-                                # to always allow. The default is 10.
-     enable_http2: true         # See https://www.python-httpx.org/http2/
+     pool_connections: 100      # Maximum number of concurrent connections (default: 100)
+     enable_http2: true         # Enables the use of HTTP2
      # uncomment below section if you want to use a custom server certificate
-     # see https://www.python-httpx.org/advanced/#changing-the-verification-defaults
-     # and https://www.python-httpx.org/compatibility/#ssl-configuration
      #  verify: ~/.mitmproxy/mitmproxy-ca-cert.cer
      #
-     # uncomment below section if you want to use a proxyq see: SOCKS proxies
-     #   https://2.python-requests.org/en/latest/user/advanced/#proxies
-     # are also supported: see
-     #   https://2.python-requests.org/en/latest/user/advanced/#socks
+     # uncomment below section if you want to use a proxy
      #
      #  proxies:
      #    all://:
@@ -46,30 +38,26 @@ Communication with search engines.
   timeout to load).  Can be override by ``timeout`` in the :ref:`settings engines`.
 
 ``useragent_suffix`` :
-  Suffix to the user-agent SearXNG uses to send requests to others engines.  If an
-  engine wish to block you, a contact info here may be useful to avoid that.
+  Suffix to add when an engine's User-Agent is set via searxng_useragent().
+  Contact info here may be useful to avoid an engine blocking you.
 
-.. _Pool limit configuration: https://www.python-httpx.org/advanced/#pool-limit-configuration
-
-``pool_maxsize``:
-  Number of allowable keep-alive connections, or ``null`` to always allow.  The
-  default is 10.  See ``max_keepalive_connections`` `Pool limit configuration`_.
+.. _Pool limit configuration: https://curl-cffi.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api.html#sessions
 
 ``pool_connections`` :
-  Maximum number of allowable connections, or ``null`` # for no limits.  The
-  default is 100.  See ``max_connections`` `Pool limit configuration`_.
+  Maximum number of concurrent connections.  The default is 100.
+  See ``max_clients`` `Pool limit configuration`_.
 
-``keepalive_expiry`` :
-  Number of seconds to keep a connection in the pool.  By default 5.0 seconds.
-  See ``keepalive_expiry`` `Pool limit configuration`_.
-
-.. _httpx proxies: https://www.python-httpx.org/advanced/#http-proxying
+.. _curl_cffi proxies: https://curl-cffi.readthedocs.io/en/latest/quick_start.html
 
 ``proxies`` :
-  Define one or more proxies you wish to use, see `httpx proxies`_.
+  Define one or more proxies you wish to use, see `curl_cffi proxies`_.
   If there are more than one proxy for one protocol (http, https),
   requests to the engines are distributed in a round-robin fashion.
 
+  HTTP, HTTPS, SOCKS4, SOCKS5 and SOCKS5h proxies are supported
+  (``http://``, ``https://``, ``socks4://``, ``socks5://``, ``socks5h://``). You should
+  use ``socks5h://`` when using Tor so hostnames are resolved by the proxy.
+
 ``source_ips`` :
   If you use multiple network interfaces, define from which IP the requests must
   be made. Example:
@@ -87,18 +75,15 @@ Communication with search engines.
   different proxy and source ip.
 
 ``enable_http2`` :
-  Enable by default. Set to ``false`` to disable HTTP/2.
-
-.. _httpx verification defaults: https://www.python-httpx.org/advanced/#changing-the-verification-defaults
-.. _httpx ssl configuration: https://www.python-httpx.org/compatibility/#ssl-configuration
+  Enable by default (HTTP/2).  Set to ``false`` to force HTTP/1.1.
+  HTTP/3 is opt-in per engine (``enable_http3``).
 
 ``verify``: : ``$SSL_CERT_FILE``, ``$SSL_CERT_DIR``
-  Allow to specify a path to certificate.
-  see `httpx verification defaults`_.
+  HTTPS verification uses the OS's trust store by default.
+  Set a path to use a custom CA file.
 
   In addition to ``verify``, SearXNG supports the ``$SSL_CERT_FILE`` (for a file) and
   ``$SSL_CERT_DIR`` (for a directory) OpenSSL variables.
-  see `httpx ssl configuration`_.
 
 ``max_redirects`` :
   30 by default. Maximum redirect before it is an error.

docs/dev/engines/engine_overview.rst

@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ parameters with default value can be redefined for special purposes.
    data                   dict           ``{}``
    cookies                dict           ``{}``
    verify                 bool           ``True``
-   headers.User-Agent     str            a random User-Agent
+   headers.User-Agent     str            ``''``
    category               str            current category, like ``'general'``
    safesearch             int            ``0``, between ``0`` and ``2`` (normal, moderate, strict)
    time_range             Optional[str]  ``None``, can be ``day``, ``week``, ``month``, ``year``
@@ -229,6 +229,8 @@ following parameters can be used to specify a search request:
    max_redirects       int         maximum redirects, hard limit
    soft_max_redirects  int         maximum redirects, soft limit. Record an error but don't stop the engine
    raise_for_httperror bool        True by default: raise an exception if the HTTP code of response is >= 300
+   impersonate         str         curl_cffi impersonate target (default: chrome, none to disable)
+   curl_options        dict        Any extra libcurl options for the request
    =================== =========== ==========================================================================
 
 

docs/dev/engines/online/cara.rst

@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-.. _cara engine:
-
-===========
-Cara Images
-===========
-
-.. automodule:: searx.engines.cara
-   :members:

docs/dev/engines/online/europepmc.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+.. _europepmc engine:
+
+==========
+Europe PMC
+==========
+
+.. automodule:: searx.engines.europepmc
+   :members:

docs/dev/reST.rst

@@ -286,7 +286,7 @@ content becomes smart.
    files & folders origin     :origin:`docs/dev/reST.rst`        ``:origin:`docs/dev/reST.rst```
    pull request               :pull:`4`                          ``:pull:`4```
    patch                      :patch:`af2cae6`                   ``:patch:`af2cae6```
-   PyPi package               :pypi:`httpx`                      ``:pypi:`httpx```
+   PyPi package               :pypi:`curl_cffi`                  ``:pypi:`curl_cffi```
    manual page man            :man:`bash`                        ``:man:`bash```
    intersphinx_
    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

requirements-dev.txt

@@ -2,9 +2,9 @@ mock==5.2.0
 nose2[coverage_plugin]==0.16.0
 cov-core==1.15.0
 black==25.9.0
-pylint==4.0.7
+pylint==4.0.8
 splinter==0.21.0
-selenium==4.47.0
+selenium==4.48.0
 Sphinx==8.2.3;python_version <= "3.11"
 Sphinx==9.1.0; python_version > "3.11"
 sphinx-issues==6.0.0
@@ -18,11 +18,11 @@ myst-parser==5.0.0
 linuxdoc==20260504
 aiounittest==1.5.0
 yamllint==1.38.0
-wlc==2.1.1
+wlc==2.2.0
 coloredlogs==15.0.1
 docutils>=0.21.2;python_version <= "3.11"
 docutils>=0.22.4; python_version > "3.11"
 parameterized==0.9.0
 granian[reload]==2.8.2
-basedpyright==1.39.10
+basedpyright==1.40.0
 types-lxml==2026.2.16

requirements.txt

@@ -3,17 +3,15 @@ babel==2.18.0
 flask-babel==4.0.0
 flask==3.1.3
 jinja2==3.1.6
-lxml==6.1.2
+lxml==6.1.3
 pygments==2.21.0
 python-dateutil==2.9.0.post0
 pyyaml==6.0.3
-httpx[http2]==0.28.1
-httpx-socks[asyncio]==0.13.1
-sniffio==1.3.1
+curl_cffi==0.16.3
 valkey==6.1.1
 markdown-it-py==4.2.0
 msgspec==0.21.1
-typer==0.27.1
+typer==0.27.2
 isodate==0.7.2
 whitenoise==6.12.0
 typing-extensions==4.16.0

searx/autocomplete.py

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ from urllib.parse import urlencode
 
 import lxml.etree
 import lxml.html
-from httpx import HTTPError
+from curl_cffi.requests.exceptions import RequestException
 
 from searx import settings
 from searx.engines import (
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ def bing(query: str, _sxng_locale: str) -> list[str]:
     base_url = "https://www.bing.com/AS/Suggestions?"
     # cvid has to be a 32 character long string consisting of numbers and uppsercase characters
     cvid = ''.join(random.choices(string.ascii_uppercase + string.digits, k=32))
-    response = get(base_url + urlencode({'qry': query, 'csr': 1, 'cvid': cvid}))
+    response = get(base_url + urlencode({'qry': query, 'csr': 1, 'cvid': cvid}), enable_http3=True)
     results: list[str] = []
 
     if response.ok:
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ def brave(query: str, _sxng_locale: str) -> list[str]:
     url = 'https://search.brave.com/api/suggest?'
     url += urlencode({'q': query})
     country = 'all'
-    kwargs = {'cookies': {'country': country}}
+    kwargs = {'cookies': {'country': country}, 'enable_http3': True}
     resp = get(url, **kwargs)
     results: list[str] = []
 
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ def google_complete(query: str, sxng_locale: str) -> list[str]:
     )
     results: list[str] = []
 
-    resp = get('https://www.google.com/complete/search?' + args)
+    resp = get('https://www.google.com/complete/search?' + args, enable_http3=True)
     if resp and resp.ok:
         json_txt = resp.text[resp.text.find('[') : resp.text.find(']', -3) + 1]
         data = json.loads(json_txt)
@@ -418,5 +418,5 @@ def search_autocomplete(backend_name: str, query: str, sxng_locale: str) -> list
         return []
     try:
         return backend(query, sxng_locale)
-    except (HTTPError, SearxEngineResponseException):
+    except (RequestException, SearxEngineResponseException):
         return []

searx/data/tracker_patterns.py

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ import re
 from collections.abc import Iterator
 from urllib.parse import urlparse, urlunparse, parse_qsl, urlencode
 
-from httpx import HTTPError
+from curl_cffi.requests.exceptions import RequestException
 
 from searx.data.core import get_cache, log
 from searx.network import get as http_get
@@ -28,11 +28,11 @@ class TrackerPatternsDB:
 
     ctx_name = "data_tracker_patterns"
 
+    # ClearURL rule lists, the first one that responds HTTP 200 is used
     CLEAR_LIST_URL = [
-        # ClearURL rule lists, the first one that responds HTTP 200 is used
-        "https://rules1.clearurls.xyz/data.minify.json",
+        "https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/clearurls/rules@refs/heads/gh-pages/data.minify.json",
         "https://rules2.clearurls.xyz/data.minify.json",
-        "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ClearURLs/Rules/refs/heads/master/data.min.json",
+        "https://rules1.clearurls.xyz/data.minify.json",
     ]
 
     class Fields:
@@ -87,8 +87,8 @@ class TrackerPatternsDB:
             try:
                 resp = http_get(url, timeout=3)
 
-            except HTTPError as exc:
-                log.warning("TRACKER_PATTERNS: HTTPError (%s) occured while fetching %s", url, exc)
+            except RequestException as exc:
+                log.warning("TRACKER_PATTERNS: RequestException while fetching %s: %s", url, exc)
                 continue
 
             if resp.status_code != 200:

searx/enginelib/__init__.py

@@ -305,7 +305,7 @@ class Engine(abc.ABC):  # pylint: disable=too-few-public-methods
 
     region: str = ""
     """For an engine, when there is ``region: ...`` in the YAML settings the engine
-    does support only this one region::
+    does support only this one region:
 
     .. code:: yaml
 
@@ -317,6 +317,9 @@ class Engine(abc.ABC):  # pylint: disable=too-few-public-methods
     enable_http: bool
     """Enable HTTP (by default only HTTPS is enabled)."""
 
+    enable_http3: bool = False
+    """Enables the use of HTTP/3 if available"""
+
     shortcut: str
     """Code used to execute bang requests (``!foo``)"""
 

searx/engines/360search_videos.py

@@ -6,7 +6,8 @@ from urllib.parse import urlencode
 from datetime import datetime
 
 from searx.exceptions import SearxEngineAPIException
-from searx.utils import html_to_text, get_embeded_stream_url
+from searx.result_types import EngineResults
+from searx.utils import html_to_text
 
 about = {
     "website": "https://tv.360kan.com/",
@@ -29,12 +30,12 @@ def request(query, params):
     return params
 
 
-def response(resp):
+def response(resp) -> EngineResults:
     try:
         data = resp.json()
     except Exception as e:
         raise SearxEngineAPIException(f"Invalid response: {e}") from e
-    results = []
+    res = EngineResults()
 
     if "data" not in data or "result" not in data["data"]:
         raise SearxEngineAPIException("Invalid response")
@@ -50,16 +51,15 @@ def response(resp):
             except (ValueError, TypeError):
                 published_date = None
 
-        results.append(
-            {
-                'url': entry["play_url"],
-                'title': html_to_text(entry["title"]),
-                'content': html_to_text(entry["description"]),
-                'template': 'videos.html',
-                'publishedDate': published_date,
-                'thumbnail': entry["cover_img"],
-                "iframe_src": get_embeded_stream_url(entry["play_url"]),
-            }
+        res.add(
+            res.types.LegacyResult(
+                url=entry["play_url"],
+                title=html_to_text(entry["title"]),
+                content=html_to_text(entry["description"]),
+                template='videos.html',
+                publishedDate=published_date,
+                thumbnail=entry["cover_img"],
+            )
         )
 
-    return results
+    return res

searx/engines/__builtins__.pyi

@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ categories: list[str]
 disabled: bool
 display_error_messages: bool
 enable_http: bool
+enable_http3: bool
 engine_type: str
 inactive: bool
 max_page: int

searx/engines/__init__.py

@@ -187,8 +187,9 @@ def set_loggers(engine: "Engine|types.ModuleType", engine_name: str):
 def update_engine_attributes(engine: "Engine | types.ModuleType", engine_data: dict[str, t.Any]):
     # pylint: disable=too-many-branches
 
-    # set engine attributes from engine_data
+    # set / update engine attributes from engine_data
     kvargs: dict[str, t.Any]
+    engine.about = getattr(engine, "about", EngineAbout())
     if isinstance(engine.about, EngineAbout):
         kvargs = {**msgspec.to_builtins(engine.about), **engine_data.get("about", {})}
     else:

searx/engines/adobe_stock.py

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ Implementation
 ==============
 
 """
-
+import typing as t
 from datetime import datetime, timedelta
 from urllib.parse import urlencode
 
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ Additional subcategories:
 # Do we need support for "free_collection" and "include_stock_enterprise"?
 
 
-def init(_):
+def setup(_: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool | None:
     if not categories:
         raise ValueError("adobe_stock engine: categories is unset")
 
@@ -100,9 +100,9 @@ def init(_):
         raise ValueError("adobe_stock engine: adobe_content_types is unset")
 
     if isinstance(adobe_content_types, list):
-        for t in adobe_content_types:
-            if t not in ADOBE_VALID_TYPES:
-                raise ValueError("adobe_stock engine: adobe_content_types: '%s' is invalid" % t)
+        for content_type in adobe_content_types:
+            if content_type not in ADOBE_VALID_TYPES:
+                raise ValueError("adobe_stock engine: adobe_content_types: '%s' is invalid" % content_type)
     else:
         raise ValueError(
             "adobe_stock engine: adobe_content_types must be a list of strings not %s" % type(adobe_content_types)

searx/engines/baidu.py

@@ -49,6 +49,9 @@ CACHE: EngineCache
 
 
 def setup(engine_settings: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool:
+    if baidu_category not in ('general', 'images', 'it'):
+        raise SearxEngineAPIException(f"Unsupported category: {baidu_category}")
+
     global CACHE  # pylint: disable=global-statement
     CACHE = EngineCache(engine_settings["name"])
     return True
@@ -65,11 +68,6 @@ def get_image_cookies(headers: dict[str, str]) -> dict[str, str]:
     return cookies
 
 
-def init(_):
-    if baidu_category not in ('general', 'images', 'it'):
-        raise SearxEngineAPIException(f"Unsupported category: {baidu_category}")
-
-
 def request(query, params):
     page_num = params["pageno"]
 

searx/engines/bing.py

@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ about: dict[str, t.Any] = {
 # engine dependent config
 categories = ["general", "web"]
 safesearch = True
+enable_http3 = True
 _safesearch_map: dict[int, str] = {
     0: "off",
     1: "moderate",
@@ -71,43 +72,21 @@ def get_locale_params(engine_region: str | None) -> dict[str, str] | None:
     return {"mkt": engine_region}
 
 
-def override_accept_language(params: "OnlineParams", engine_region: str | None) -> None:
-    """Override the ``Accept-Language`` header.
-
-    The default header built by :py:class:`~searx.search.processors.online.OnlineProcessor`
-    appends ``en;q=0.3`` as a fallback language::
-
-        Accept-Language: de,de-DE;q=0.7,en;q=0.3
-
-    Bing seems to better select the results locale based on the
-    ``Accept-Language`` value header.
-
-    This function is shared with :py:mod:`searx.engines.bing_images`,
-    :py:mod:`searx.engines.bing_news`, and :py:mod:`searx.engines.bing_videos`.
-    """
-
-    if not engine_region or engine_region == "clear":
-        return
-
-    lang = engine_region.split("-")[0]
-    params["headers"]["Accept-Language"] = f"{engine_region},{lang};q=0.9"
-
-
 def request(query: str, params: "OnlineParams"):
     """Assemble a Bing-Web request."""
 
     engine_region = traits.get_region(params["searxng_locale"], traits.all_locale)
 
-    override_accept_language(params, engine_region)
-
     query_params: dict[str, str | int] = {
         "q": query,
         "adlt": _safesearch_map.get(params.get("safesearch", 0), "off"),
     }
 
-    locale_params = get_locale_params(engine_region)
-    if locale_params:
-        query_params.update(locale_params)
+    if engine_region and engine_region != "clear":
+        lang, _, cc = engine_region.partition("-")
+        query_params["setlang"] = lang
+        if cc and cc not in ("us", "cn", "ru"):  # bing just sends junk for these
+            query_params["cc"] = cc
 
     params["url"] = f"{base_url}/search?{urlencode(query_params)}"
 

searx/engines/bing_images.py

@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ from lxml import html
 from searx.engines.bing import (  # pylint: disable=unused-import
     fetch_traits,
     get_locale_params,
-    override_accept_language,
 )
 
 # about
@@ -25,6 +24,7 @@ about = {
 # engine dependent config
 categories = ["images", "web"]
 paging = True
+enable_http3 = True
 safesearch = True
 time_range_support = True
 time_map = {
@@ -43,8 +43,6 @@ def request(query, params):
 
     engine_region = traits.get_region(params["searxng_locale"], traits.all_locale)
 
-    override_accept_language(params, engine_region)
-
     # build URL query
     # - example: https://www.bing.com/images/async?q=foo&async=1&first=1&count=35
     query_params = {

searx/engines/bing_news.py

@@ -12,10 +12,7 @@ from urllib.parse import urlencode
 from lxml import html
 
 from searx.enginelib.traits import EngineTraits
-from searx.engines.bing import (
-    get_locale_params,
-    override_accept_language,
-)
+from searx.engines.bing import get_locale_params
 from searx.utils import eval_xpath, eval_xpath_getindex, eval_xpath_list, extract_text
 
 # about
@@ -33,6 +30,7 @@ categories = ["news"]
 paging = True
 """If go through the pages and there are actually no new results for another
 page, then bing returns the results from the last page again."""
+enable_http3 = True
 
 time_range_support = True
 time_map = {
@@ -53,8 +51,6 @@ def request(query, params):
 
     engine_region = traits.get_region(params["searxng_locale"], traits.all_locale)
 
-    override_accept_language(params, engine_region)
-
     # build URL query
     # - example: https://www.bing.com/news/infinitescrollajax?q=london&first=1
     page = int(params.get("pageno", 1)) - 1

searx/engines/bing_videos.py

@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ from lxml import html
 from searx.engines.bing import (  # pylint: disable=unused-import
     fetch_traits,
     get_locale_params,
-    override_accept_language,
 )
 from searx.engines.bing_images import time_map
 from searx.utils import eval_xpath, eval_xpath_getindex
@@ -26,6 +25,7 @@ about = {
 # engine dependent config
 categories = ["videos", "web"]
 paging = True
+enable_http3 = True
 safesearch = True
 time_range_support = True
 
@@ -38,8 +38,6 @@ def request(query, params):
 
     engine_region = traits.get_region(params["searxng_locale"], traits.all_locale)
 
-    override_accept_language(params, engine_region)
-
     # build URL query
     # - example: https://www.bing.com/videos/asyncv2?q=foo&async=content&first=1&count=35
     query_params = {

searx/engines/boardreader.py

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ CACHE_SESSION_ID_KEY = "session_id_key"
 KEYWORD_RE = re.compile(r"\[\/?Keyword\]")
 
 
-def init(engine_settings: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool:
+def setup(engine_settings: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool:
     global CACHE  # pylint: disable=global-statement
     CACHE = EngineCache(engine_name=engine_settings["name"])
     return True

searx/engines/brave.py

@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ from searx.utils import (
     eval_xpath_getindex,
     eval_xpath_list,
     extract_text,
-    get_embeded_stream_url,
+    get_embedded_stream_url,
     js_obj_str_to_json_str,
     js_obj_str_to_python,
 )
@@ -151,6 +151,7 @@ about = {
 
 base_url = "https://search.brave.com/"
 categories = []
+enable_http3 = True
 brave_category: t.Literal["search", "videos", "images", "news", "goggles"] = "search"
 """Brave supports common web-search, videos, images, news, and goggles search.
 
@@ -247,13 +248,13 @@ def extract_json_data(text: str) -> dict[str, t.Any]:
     #    node_ids: [0, 19],
     #    data: [{type:"data",data: .... ["q","goggles_id"],route:1,url:1}}]
     #          ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-    text = text[text.index("<script") : text.index("</script")]
-    if not text:
-        raise ValueError("can't find JS/JSON data in the given text")
+    #    form: null,
+    #    error: null
+    # });
     start = text.index("data: [{")
-    end = text.rindex("}}]")
-    js_obj_str = text[start:end]
-    js_obj_str = "{" + js_obj_str + "}}]}"
+    newline = text.index("\n", start)
+    end = text.rindex("}}]", start, newline)
+    js_obj_str = "{" + text[start:end] + "}}]}"
     # js_obj_str = js_obj_str.replace("\xa0", "")  # remove ASCII for &nbsp;
     # js_obj_str = js_obj_str.replace(r"\u003C", "<").replace(r"\u003c", "<")  # fix broken HTML tags in strings
     json_str = js_obj_str_to_json_str(js_obj_str)
@@ -338,7 +339,7 @@ def _parse_search(resp: SXNG_Response) -> EngineResults:
         if len(video_tag):
             # In my tests a video tag in the WEB search was most often not a
             # video, except the ones from youtube ..
-            iframe_src = get_embeded_stream_url(url)
+            iframe_src = get_embedded_stream_url(url)
             if iframe_src:
                 item["iframe_src"] = iframe_src
                 item["template"] = "videos.html"
@@ -353,14 +354,14 @@ def _parse_news(resp: SXNG_Response) -> EngineResults:
     res = EngineResults()
     dom = html.fromstring(resp.text)
 
-    for result in eval_xpath_list(dom, "//div[contains(@class, 'results')]//div[@data-type='news']"):
-        url = eval_xpath_getindex(result, ".//a[contains(@class, 'result-header')]/@href", 0, default=None)
+    for result in eval_xpath_list(dom, "//div[@data-type='news']"):
+        url = eval_xpath_getindex(result, ".//a/@href", 0, default=None)
         if url is None:
             continue
 
-        title = eval_xpath_list(result, ".//span[contains(@class, 'snippet-title')]")
-        content = eval_xpath_list(result, ".//p[contains(@class, 'desc')]")
-        thumbnail = eval_xpath_getindex(result, ".//div[contains(@class, 'image-wrapper')]//img/@src", 0, default="")
+        title = eval_xpath_list(result, ".//div[contains(@class, 'title')]")
+        content = eval_xpath_list(result, ".//div[contains(@class, 'description')]")
+        thumbnail = eval_xpath_getindex(result, ".//a[contains(@class, 'thumbnail')]//img/@src", 0, default="")
 
         item = res.types.LegacyResult(
             template="default.html",
@@ -406,9 +407,6 @@ def _parse_videos(json_resp: dict[str, t.Any]) -> EngineResults:
         )
         if result["thumbnail"] is not None:
             item["thumbnail"] = result["thumbnail"]["src"]
-        iframe_src = get_embeded_stream_url(result["url"])
-        if iframe_src:
-            item["iframe_src"] = iframe_src
 
         res.add(item)
 

searx/engines/braveapi.py

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
 about = {
     "website": "https://api.search.brave.com/",
     "wikidata_id": None,
-    "official_api_documentation": "https://api-dashboard.search.brave.com/documentation",
+    "official_api_documentation": "https://api-dashboard.search.brave.com/api-reference/web/search/get",
     "use_official_api": True,
     "require_api_key": True,
     "results": "JSON",
@@ -63,8 +63,10 @@ base_url = "https://api.search.brave.com/res/v1/web/search"
 time_range_map = {"day": "past_day", "week": "past_week", "month": "past_month", "year": "past_year"}
 """Mapping of SearXNG time ranges to Brave API time ranges."""
 
+max_page = 10
 
-def init(_):
+
+def setup(_: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool | None:
     """Initialize the engine."""
     if not api_key:
         raise SearxEngineAPIException("No API key provided")
@@ -75,7 +77,7 @@ def request(query: str, params: "OnlineParams") -> None:
     search_args: dict[str, str | int | None] = {
         "q": query,
         "count": results_per_page,
-        "offset": (params["pageno"] - 1) * results_per_page,
+        "offset": params["pageno"] - 1,
         "text_decorations": False,
     }
 
@@ -89,6 +91,7 @@ def request(query: str, params: "OnlineParams") -> None:
 
     params["url"] = f"{base_url}?{urlencode(search_args)}"
     params["headers"]["X-Subscription-Token"] = api_key
+    params["headers"]["Accept"] = "application/json"
 
 
 def _extract_published_date(published_date_raw: str):

searx/engines/cara.py

@@ -1,85 +0,0 @@
-# SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
-# pylint: disable=invalid-name
-"""Cara_ is a social media and portfolio-sharing platform for artists and art
-enthusiasts.
-
-With the widespread use of generative AI, Cara_ decided to build a place that
-filters out gen AI images so that people searching for authentic creatives and
-images can do so easily.
-
-.. _Cara: https://cara.app/about
-"""
-
-from urllib.parse import urlencode
-
-import typing as t
-
-from searx.result_types import EngineResults
-
-if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
-    from searx.extended_types import SXNG_Response
-    from searx.search.processors import OnlineParams
-
-
-about = {
-    "website": "https://cara.app",
-    "official_api_documentation": None,
-    "use_official_api": False,
-    "require_api_key": False,
-    "results": "JSON",
-}
-
-base_url = "https://cara.app"
-images_url = "https://images.cara.app"
-
-categories = ["images"]
-paging = True
-results_per_page = 24
-
-# if using HTTP2, we get blocked immediately
-enable_http2 = False
-
-
-def request(query: str, params: "OnlineParams") -> None:
-    args = {
-        "q": query,
-        "sortBy": "Top",
-        "take": results_per_page,
-        "skip": (params["pageno"] - 1) * results_per_page,
-    }
-    params["url"] = f"{base_url}/api/search/portfolio-posts?{urlencode(args)}"
-
-
-def response(resp: "SXNG_Response"):
-    res = EngineResults()
-    json_data: list[dict[str, t.Any]] = resp.json()
-
-    for result in json_data:
-        thumbnail, img = None, None
-
-        i: dict[str, str]
-        for i in result["images"]:
-            if thumbnail is None or i["isCoverImg"]:
-                thumbnail = i
-
-            if img is None or not i["isCoverImg"]:
-                img = i
-
-        if not thumbnail or not img:
-            continue
-
-        res.add(
-            res.types.LegacyResult(
-                {
-                    "template": "images.html",
-                    "url": f"{base_url}/post/{result['id']}",
-                    "thumbnail_src": f"{images_url}/{thumbnail['src']}?height=256",
-                    "img_src": f"{images_url}/{img['src']}",
-                    "title": result["title"],
-                    "content": result["content"],
-                    "author": result["name"],
-                }
-            )
-        )
-
-    return res

searx/engines/chatnoir.py

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ search_index = "cw22"
 <https://www.chatnoir.eu/docs/api-general>`_ for a full list."""
 
 
-def _obtain_api_key() -> tuple[str, str, str]:
+def _obtain_api_key() -> tuple[str, str]:
     home_resp = get(base_url)
     if not home_resp.ok:
         raise SearxEngineAPIException("failed to obtain api key")
@@ -58,10 +58,9 @@ def _obtain_api_key() -> tuple[str, str, str]:
     )
     if not token_resp.ok:
         raise SearxEngineAPIException("failed to obtain api key")
-    session_id = token_resp.cookies["sessionid"]
     scraped_api_key = token_resp.json()["token"]["token"]
 
-    return csrf_token, session_id, scraped_api_key
+    return csrf_token, scraped_api_key
 
 
 def request(query: str, params: "OnlineParams"):
@@ -73,7 +72,7 @@ def request(query: str, params: "OnlineParams"):
 
         params["headers"].update(headers)
     else:
-        csrf_token, session_id, scraped_api_key = _obtain_api_key()
+        csrf_token, scraped_api_key = _obtain_api_key()
 
         headers = {
             "Authorization": f"Bearer {scraped_api_key}",
@@ -81,10 +80,11 @@ def request(query: str, params: "OnlineParams"):
         }
 
         params["headers"].update(headers)
-        params["cookies"] = {"csrftoken": session_id, "sessionid": session_id}
+        params["cookies"] = {"csrftoken": csrf_token}
 
     params["url"] = f"{base_url}/api/v1/_search"
     params["method"] = "POST"
+    params["impersonate"] = "none"
 
     json_data = {
         "query": query,

searx/engines/chinaso.py

@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ time_range_dict = {'day': '24h', 'week': '1w', 'month': '1m', 'year': '1y'}
 base_url = "https://www.chinaso.com"
 
 
-def init(_):
+def setup(_: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool | None:
     if chinaso_news_source not in t.get_args(ChinasoNewsSourceType):
         raise ValueError(f"Unsupported news source: {chinaso_news_source}")
 

searx/engines/command.py

@@ -74,6 +74,7 @@ Implementations
 ===============
 """
 
+import typing as t
 import re
 from os.path import expanduser, isabs, realpath, commonprefix
 from shlex import split as shlex_split
@@ -100,7 +101,7 @@ _command_logger = logger.getChild('command')
 _compiled_parse_regex = {}
 
 
-def init(engine_settings):
+def setup(engine_settings: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool | None:
     check_parsing_options(engine_settings)
 
     if 'command' not in engine_settings:

searx/engines/core.py

@@ -141,12 +141,13 @@ def response(resp: "SXNG_Response") -> EngineResults:
             if name:
                 authors.add(name)
 
+        tag = result.get("fieldOfStudy")
         res.add(
             res.types.Paper(
                 title=result.get("title"),
                 url=url,
                 content=result.get("fullText", "") or "",
-                tags=result.get("fieldOfStudy", []),
+                tags=[tag] if tag else [],
                 publishedDate=published_date,
                 type=result.get("documentType", "") or "",
                 authors=authors,

searx/engines/dogpile.py

@@ -8,6 +8,9 @@ import typing as t
 from datetime import datetime, timezone
 import html
 
+from searx.enginelib import EngineCache
+from searx.exceptions import SearxEngineAPIException
+from searx.network import post
 from searx.utils import format_duration, html_to_text, humanize_number
 from searx.result_types import EngineResults
 
@@ -35,15 +38,36 @@ dogpile_categ = "search"
 base_url = "https://www.dogpile.com"
 safe_search_map = {0: "none", 1: "moderate", 2: "heavy"}
 
+CACHE: EngineCache
+"""Cache for the API token from dogpile"""
 
-def init(_):
+
+def setup(_: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool | None:
     if dogpile_categ not in ("search", "images", "videos", "news"):
         raise ValueError("invalid search type: %s" % dogpile_categ)
+    global CACHE  # pylint: disable=global-statement
+    CACHE = EngineCache("dogpile")  # one token for images/videos/news
+    return True
+
+
+def _obtain_token() -> str:
+    token = CACHE.get("token")
+    if token:
+        return token
+    resp = post(f"{base_url}/api/token/refresh", headers={"Origin": base_url}, cookies={"dp_api_token": "1"})
+    if not resp.ok:
+        raise SearxEngineAPIException("failed to obtain dogpile token")
+    token = resp.json()["token"]
+    CACHE.set("token", token, expire=240)  # 300s ttl
+    return token
 
 
 def request(query: str, params: "OnlineParams"):
     params["url"] = f"{base_url}/api/{dogpile_categ}"
     params["headers"]["Origin"] = base_url
+    params["cookies"]["dp_api_token"] = "1"
+    if dogpile_categ != "search":  # web doesnt need token
+        params["headers"]["x-dogpile-token"] = _obtain_token()
 
     params["method"] = "POST"
     params["json"] = {"q": query, "qadf": safe_search_map[params["safesearch"]], "page": params["pageno"]}

searx/engines/duckduckgo_extra.py

@@ -10,7 +10,8 @@ from datetime import datetime
 from urllib.parse import urlencode
 from urllib.parse import quote_plus
 
-from searx.utils import get_embeded_stream_url, html_to_text, gen_useragent, extr
+from searx.result_types import EngineResults, MainResult, LegacyResult, Image
+from searx.utils import html_to_text, gen_useragent, extr
 from searx.network import get  # see https://github.com/searxng/searxng/issues/762
 
 from searx.engines.duckduckgo import fetch_traits  # pylint: disable=unused-import
@@ -47,7 +48,7 @@ _HTTP_User_Agent: str = gen_useragent()
 send_accept_language_header = False
 
 
-def init(engine_settings: dict[str, t.Any]):
+def setup(engine_settings: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool | None:
 
     if engine_settings["ddg_category"] not in ["images", "videos", "news"]:
         raise ValueError(f"Unsupported DuckDuckGo category: {engine_settings['ddg_category']}")
@@ -97,6 +98,7 @@ def request(query: str, params: "OnlineParams") -> None:
     # The vqd value is generated from the query and the UA header. To be able to
     # reuse the vqd value, the UA header must be static.
     headers["User-Agent"] = _HTTP_User_Agent
+    params["impersonate"] = "none"
     vqd = get_vqd(query=query, params=params) or fetch_vqd(query=query, params=params)
 
     headers["Accept"] = "*/*"
@@ -148,54 +150,51 @@ def request(query: str, params: "OnlineParams") -> None:
 
 
 def _image_result(result):
-    return {
-        'template': 'images.html',
-        'url': result['url'],
-        'title': result['title'],
-        'content': '',
-        'thumbnail_src': result['thumbnail'],
-        'img_src': result['image'],
-        'resolution': '%s x %s' % (result['width'], result['height']),
-        'source': result['source'],
-    }
+    return Image(
+        url=result['url'],
+        title=result['title'],
+        content='',
+        thumbnail_src=result['thumbnail'],
+        img_src=result['image'],
+        resolution='%s x %s' % (result['width'], result['height']),
+        source=result['source'],
+    )
 
 
 def _video_result(result):
-    return {
-        'template': 'videos.html',
-        'url': result['content'],
-        'title': result['title'],
-        'content': result['description'],
-        'thumbnail': result['images'].get('small') or result['images'].get('medium'),
-        'iframe_src': get_embeded_stream_url(result['content']),
-        'source': result['provider'],
-        'length': result['duration'],
-        'metadata': result.get('uploader'),
-    }
+    return LegacyResult(
+        template='videos.html',
+        url=result['content'],
+        title=result['title'],
+        content=result['description'],
+        thumbnail=result['images'].get('small') or result['images'].get('medium'),
+        source=result['provider'],
+        length=result['duration'],
+        metadata=result.get('uploader'),
+    )
 
 
 def _news_result(result):
-    return {
-        'url': result['url'],
-        'title': result['title'],
-        'content': html_to_text(result['excerpt']),
-        'source': result['source'],
-        'publishedDate': datetime.fromtimestamp(result['date']),
-    }
+    return MainResult(
+        url=result['url'],
+        title=result['title'],
+        content=html_to_text(result['excerpt']),
+        publishedDate=datetime.fromtimestamp(result['date']),
+    )
 
 
-def response(resp):
-    results = []
+def response(resp: "SXNG_Response") -> EngineResults:
+    res = EngineResults()
     res_json = resp.json()
 
     for result in res_json['results']:
         if ddg_category == 'images':
-            results.append(_image_result(result))
+            res.add(_image_result(result))
         elif ddg_category == 'videos':
-            results.append(_video_result(result))
+            res.add(_video_result(result))
         elif ddg_category == 'news':
-            results.append(_news_result(result))
+            res.add(_news_result(result))
         else:
             raise ValueError(f"Invalid duckduckgo category: {ddg_category}")
 
-    return results
+    return res

searx/engines/duckduckgo_weather.py

@@ -109,7 +109,19 @@ def response(resp: SXNG_Response):
 
     json_data = loads(resp.text[resp.text.find('\n') + 1 : resp.text.rfind('\n') - 2])
 
-    geoloc = weather.GeoLocation.by_query(resp.search_params["query"])
+    location = json_data.get("location")
+    if not location:
+        return res
+
+    metadata = json_data.get("weatherAlerts", {}).get("metadata", {})
+    geoloc = weather.GeoLocation(
+        name=location,
+        latitude=metadata.get("latitude"),
+        longitude=metadata.get("longitude"),
+        elevation=0,
+        country_code=metadata.get("language").split("-")[-1],
+        timezone=json_data.get("location"),
+    )
 
     weather_answer = EngineResults.types.WeatherAnswer(
         current=_weather_data(geoloc, json_data["currentWeather"]),

searx/engines/duckduckgo_web.py

@@ -14,11 +14,12 @@ can't build it ourselves and must scrape it from the HTML pages.
 """
 
 import typing as t
+import re
 
-from urllib.parse import quote_plus
+from urllib.parse import quote_plus, urljoin
 from lxml import html
 
-from searx.utils import html_to_text, gen_useragent, extract_text, eval_xpath
+from searx.utils import html_to_text, extract_text, eval_xpath
 from searx.result_types import EngineResults
 from searx.enginelib import EngineCache
 from searx.network import get
@@ -38,7 +39,6 @@ about = {
 # engine dependent config
 categories = ["general"]
 paging = True
-_HTTP_User_Agent: str = gen_useragent()
 
 base_url = "https://duckduckgo.com"
 
@@ -73,6 +73,8 @@ def _fetch_first_page_link(
     resp = get(
         url=f"{base_url}/?q={quote_plus(query)}&t=h_&ia=web",
         headers=headers,
+        impersonate="firefox",
+        default_headers=False,
         timeout=2,
     )
 
@@ -96,6 +98,43 @@ def _cache_key(query: str, pageno: int) -> str:
     return f"nextpage_url|{query}|{pageno}"
 
 
+def _solve_jsa(resp: "SXNG_Response") -> "SXNG_Response":
+    """Duckduckgo sometimes issues a challenge instead of json."""
+
+    # length that a real browser would report for where the broken snippet is
+    html_len = {
+        "<p><div></p><p></div": 32,
+        "<li><div></li><li></div": 29,
+        "<div><div></div><div></div": 33,
+        "<br><div></br><br></div": 23,
+    }
+
+    js = resp.text or ""
+    jsa_match = re.search(r"let jsa = (\d+);.*?DDG\.deep\.initialize\('([^']+)'", js, re.S)
+    if not jsa_match:
+        return resp
+
+    js_functions = dict(re.findall(r"let (\w+) = function\(num\) \{([^}]*)\};", js))
+    jsa = int(jsa_match.group(1))
+    try:
+        for name in re.findall(r"jsa = (\w+)\(jsa\);", js):
+            body = js_functions[name]
+            mul = re.search(r"num \* (\d+)", body)
+            jsa = jsa * int(mul.group(1)) if mul else jsa + html_len[re.search(r"`([^`]+)`", body).group(1)]
+    except (KeyError, AttributeError):
+        return resp
+
+    params = resp.search_params
+    follow = get(
+        urljoin("https://links.duckduckgo.com", jsa_match.group(2) + str(jsa)),
+        headers=params["headers"],
+        impersonate="firefox",
+        default_headers=False,
+    )
+    follow.search_params = params
+    return follow
+
+
 def request(query: str, params: "OnlineParams") -> None:
 
     if len(query) >= 500:
@@ -103,25 +142,15 @@ def request(query: str, params: "OnlineParams") -> None:
         params["url"] = None
         return
 
-    headers = params["headers"]
-
-    # The vqd value is generated from the query and the UA header.  To be able
-    # to reuse the vqd value, the UA header must be static.
-    headers["User-Agent"] = _HTTP_User_Agent
-    headers["Accept"] = "*/*"
-    headers["Referer"] = f"{base_url}/"
-    headers["Host"] = "duckduckgo.com"
-
-    # Sec-Fetch headers are required to not get blocked when sending a Firefox user agent
-    headers["Sec-Fetch-Dest"] = "script"
-    headers["Sec-Fetch-Mode"] = "no-cors"
-    headers["Sec-Fetch-Site"] = "same-site"
+    # firefox TLS only
+    params["impersonate"] = "firefox"
+    params["default_headers"] = False
 
     api_url = ""
     if params["pageno"] > 1:
         api_url = CACHE.get(_cache_key(query, params["pageno"]))
     else:
-        api_url = _fetch_first_page_link(query, headers)
+        api_url = _fetch_first_page_link(query, params["headers"])
 
     if not api_url:
         params["url"] = None
@@ -129,14 +158,27 @@ def request(query: str, params: "OnlineParams") -> None:
 
     params["url"] = api_url.replace("/d.js?", "/d.js?o=json&")
 
+    # loads as a script
+    headers = params["headers"]
+    headers["Accept"] = "*/*"
+    headers["Sec-Fetch-Dest"] = "script"
+    headers["Sec-Fetch-Mode"] = "no-cors"
+    headers["Sec-Fetch-Site"] = "same-site"
+    headers["Referer"] = f"{base_url}/"
+
     # TODO: support safesearch, timerange and engine traits  # pylint:disable=fixme
 
 
 def response(resp: "SXNG_Response"):
     res = EngineResults()
-    res_json = resp.json()
 
-    for result in res_json["results"]:
+    # check if ddg returns a challenge
+    # e.g. 'site:github.com searxng'
+    if "let jsa =" in (resp.text or ""):
+        resp = _solve_jsa(resp)
+
+    results = resp.json()["results"]
+    for result in results:
         if "u" not in result:
             continue
 
@@ -144,13 +186,13 @@ def response(resp: "SXNG_Response"):
             res.types.MainResult(url=result["u"], title=html_to_text(result["t"]), content=html_to_text(result["a"]))
         )
 
-    # link to next page
-    next_page_path = res_json["results"][-1].get("n")
-    if next_page_path:
-        CACHE.set(
-            _cache_key(resp.search_params["query"], resp.search_params["pageno"] + 1),
-            base_url + next_page_path,
-            expire=60 * 60,
-        )
+    if results:
+        next_page_path = results[-1].get("n")
+        if next_page_path:
+            CACHE.set(
+                _cache_key(resp.search_params["query"], resp.search_params["pageno"] + 1),
+                base_url + next_page_path,
+                expire=60 * 60,
+            )
 
     return res

searx/engines/elasticsearch.py

@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ authentication configured to read from ``my-index`` index.
 
 """
 
+import typing as t
 from json import loads, dumps
 from searx.exceptions import SearxEngineAPIException
 from searx.result_types import EngineResults
@@ -68,7 +69,7 @@ show_metadata = False
 page_size = 10
 
 
-def init(engine_settings):
+def setup(engine_settings: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool | None:
     if 'query_type' in engine_settings and engine_settings['query_type'] not in _available_query_types:
         raise ValueError('unsupported query type', engine_settings['query_type'])
 

searx/engines/europepmc.py

@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
+"""`Europe PMC`_ provides comprehensive access to life sciences literature from
+trusted sources.  With Europe PMC you can search and read millions of
+publications, preprints and other documents enriched with links to supporting
+data, reviews, protocols, and other relevant resources.
+
+.. _Europe PMC: https://europepmc.org/
+
+Configuration
+=============
+
+.. code:: yaml
+
+   - name: europepmc
+     engine: europepmc
+     shortcut: epmc
+
+Implementations
+===============
+
+"""
+
+import typing as t
+
+from datetime import datetime
+from urllib.parse import urlencode
+
+from dateutil.parser import isoparse
+
+from searx.enginelib import EngineCache
+from searx.result_types import EngineResults
+from searx.utils import html_to_text
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from searx.extended_types import SXNG_Response
+    from searx.search.processors import OnlineParams
+
+
+about = {
+    "website": "https://europepmc.org/",
+    "wikidata_id": "Q5412157",
+    "official_api_documentation": "https://europepmc.org/RestfulWebService",
+    "use_official_api": True,
+    "require_api_key": False,
+    "results": "JSON",
+}
+
+categories = ["science", "scientific publications"]
+paging = True
+
+# engine dependent config
+search_url = "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/search"
+article_url = "https://europepmc.org/article/"
+
+page_size = 20
+
+CACHE: EngineCache
+"""Cache for storing the pagination cursor."""
+
+
+def setup(engine_settings: dict[str, t.Any]):
+    global CACHE  # pylint: disable=global-statement
+    CACHE = EngineCache(engine_settings["name"])
+
+
+def _cache_key(query: str, page: int) -> str:
+    return f"{query}|{page}"
+
+
+def request(query: str, params: "OnlineParams") -> None:
+    args = {
+        "query": query,
+        "format": "json",
+        "resultType": "core",
+        "pageSize": page_size,
+    }
+
+    if params["pageno"] > 1:
+        if cursor := CACHE.get(_cache_key(query, params["pageno"])):
+            args["cursorMark"] = cursor
+        else:
+            # no cached cursor for that page
+            params["url"] = None
+            return
+
+    params["url"] = f"{search_url}?{urlencode(args)}"
+
+
+def response(resp: "SXNG_Response") -> EngineResults:
+    res = EngineResults()
+
+    json_resp = resp.json()
+
+    # store pagination cursor for loading next pages in cache
+    if next_cursor := json_resp.get("nextCursorMark"):
+        next_page = resp.search_params["pageno"] + 1
+        query = resp.search_params["query"]
+        CACHE.set(_cache_key(query, next_page), next_cursor)
+
+    all_results = json_resp.get("resultList", {}).get("result", [])
+
+    for item in all_results:
+        source = item.get("source", "")
+        identifier = item.get("id", "")
+        url = f"{article_url}{source}/{identifier}" if source and identifier else ""
+
+        journal_info: dict[str, t.Any] = item.get("journalInfo", {})
+        journal: dict[str, t.Any] = journal_info.get("journal", {})
+
+        res.add(
+            res.types.Paper(
+                url=url,
+                title=html_to_text(item.get("title", "")),
+                content=html_to_text(item.get("abstractText", "")),
+                journal=journal.get("title", ""),
+                issn=[journal.get("issn", "")],
+                authors=_get_authors(item),
+                doi=item.get("doi", ""),
+                publishedDate=_get_published_date(item),
+                type=", ".join((item.get("pubTypeList", {})).get("pubType", [])),
+                pdf_url=_get_pdf_url(item),
+                html_url=url,
+            )
+        )
+
+    return res
+
+
+def _get_authors(item: dict[str, t.Any]) -> list:
+    """Extract the list of authors from the item."""
+    if authors := item.get("authorString", None):
+        authors = [author.strip().rstrip(".") for author in authors.split(",") if author.strip()]
+    else:
+        authors = []
+    return authors
+
+
+def _get_pdf_url(item: dict[str, t.Any]) -> str:
+    """Extract the PDF URL in case it is open access."""
+    for url_info in (item.get("fullTextUrlList", {})).get("fullTextUrl", []):
+        if url_info.get("documentStyle") == "pdf" and url_info.get("availabilityCode") == "OA":
+            return url_info.get("url", "")
+    return ""
+
+
+def _get_published_date(item: dict[str, t.Any]) -> datetime | None:
+    """Extract the published date from the item and convert it to a datetime object."""
+    if unformatted_date := item.get("firstPublicationDate"):
+        return isoparse(unformatted_date)
+    return None

searx/engines/exaapi.py

@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ content_max_characters: int = 500
 """Maximum characters for the requested content."""
 
 
-def init(_):
+def setup(_: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool | None:
     if not api_key:
         raise SearxEngineAPIException("No API key provided")
     if not 1 <= results_per_page <= 100:

searx/engines/fireball.py

@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ CACHE_VALID_DURATION = 30 * 24 * 3600  # one month, same as website
 """Duration how long settings cookies are valid."""
 
 
-def init(engine_settings: dict[str, t.Any]):
+def setup(engine_settings: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool | None:
     global CACHE  # pylint: disable=global-statement
     CACHE = EngineCache(engine_settings["name"])
 

searx/engines/gitea.py

@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ Implementation
 
 """
 
+import typing as t
 from urllib.parse import urlencode
 from dateutil import parser
 
@@ -77,7 +78,7 @@ page_size: int = 10
 """Maximum number of results per page (default 10)."""
 
 
-def init(_):
+def setup(_: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool | None:
     if not base_url:
         raise ValueError('gitea engine: base_url is unset')
 

searx/engines/google.py

@@ -327,6 +327,7 @@ def google_request(
 
     params["url"] = f"https://www.google.com/wml/search?{urlencode(args)}"
     params["headers"]["User-Agent"] = random.choice(nokia_useragents)
+    params["impersonate"] = "chrome99_android"
 
 
 def request(query: str, params: "OnlineParams") -> None:

searx/engines/google_cse.py

@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ about = {
 
 categories = ["general", "web"]
 paging = True
+enable_http3 = True
 max_page = 5
 page_size = 20
 time_range_support = True

searx/engines/google_images.py

@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ about = {
 # engine dependent config
 categories = ["images", "web"]
 paging = True
+enable_http3 = True
 max_page = 50
 """Google supports up to 50 pages of results, see the `Google max_page discussion`_.
 

searx/engines/google_play.py

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ about = {
 }
 
 play_categ = None  # apps|movies
+enable_http3 = True
 base_url = 'https://play.google.com'
 search_url = base_url + "/store/search?{query}&c={play_categ}"
 

searx/engines/google_scholar.py

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ import typing as t
 from urllib.parse import urlencode
 from datetime import datetime
 from lxml import html
-import httpx
+from curl_cffi.requests.exceptions import TooManyRedirects
 
 from searx.utils import (
     eval_xpath,
@@ -63,6 +63,7 @@ about = {
 # engine dependent config
 categories = ["science", "scientific publications"]
 paging = True
+enable_http3 = True
 max_page = 50
 """`Google max 50 pages`_
 
@@ -102,7 +103,7 @@ def response(resp: "SXNG_Response") -> EngineResults:  # pylint: disable=too-man
             raise SearxEngineAccessDeniedException(
                 message="google_scholar: unusual traffic detected",
             )
-        raise httpx.TooManyRedirects(f"location {resp.headers['Location'].split('?')[0]}")
+        raise TooManyRedirects(f"location {resp.headers['Location'].split('?')[0]}")
 
     res = EngineResults()
     dom = html.fromstring(resp.text)

searx/engines/google_videos.py

@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ from searx.utils import (
     eval_xpath_getindex,
     eval_xpath_list,
     extract_text,
-    get_embeded_stream_url,
     parse_duration_string,
 )
 
@@ -79,7 +78,6 @@ def response(resp: "SXNG_Response") -> EngineResults:
                 title=title,
                 thumbnail=thumbnail,
                 length=length,
-                iframe_src=get_embeded_stream_url(url) or "",
                 template="videos.html",
             )
         )

searx/engines/heexy.py

@@ -1,127 +0,0 @@
-# SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
-"""Heexy_ is a minimalist search engine that focuses on privacy.
-
-Although it also supports news and videos, these are not implemented here
-because they usually return no result to very few irrelevant ones.
-
-It seems to use Bing internally, as the image thumbnails are loaded from Bing.
-
-.. _Heexy: https://docs.heexy.org/introduction
-
-"""
-
-from urllib.parse import urlencode
-
-import typing as t
-
-from searx.enginelib import EngineCache
-from searx.network import get
-from searx.exceptions import SearxEngineAPIException, SearxEngineAccessDeniedException
-from searx.result_types import EngineResults
-from searx.utils import gen_useragent
-
-if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
-    from searx.extended_types import SXNG_Response
-    from searx.search.processors import OnlineParams
-
-about = {
-    "website": "https://heexy.org",
-    "wikidata_id": None,
-    "official_api_documentation": None,
-    "use_official_api": False,
-    "require_api_key": False,
-    "results": "JSON",
-}
-
-paging = True
-safesearch = True
-
-categories = ["general"]
-heexy_categ = "web"
-"""Category to search in. Can be either "web" or "image"."""
-
-
-base_url = "https://heexy.org"
-api_url = "https://seapi.heexy.org"
-safe_search_map = {0: "off", 1: "on", 2: "on"}
-
-CACHE: EngineCache
-"""Cache for storing the ``X-Data-Cacheft`` token (acts like an API key)."""
-
-
-def setup(engine_settings: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool:
-    global CACHE  # pylint: disable=global-statement
-
-    if heexy_categ not in ("web", "image"):
-        raise ValueError("invalid search category: %s" % heexy_categ)
-
-    CACHE = EngineCache(engine_settings["name"])
-    return True
-
-
-def _get_api_token(query: str) -> str:
-    """The API token is independent of the search query. We just need any query
-    to obtain it initially, and don't hardcode it here to decrease chances of
-    getting blocked. The token must be passed as ``X-Data-Cacheft`` header."""
-
-    cached_token: str = CACHE.get("token")
-    if cached_token:
-        return cached_token
-
-    resp = get(
-        f"{base_url}/search?q={query}", headers={"User-Agent": gen_useragent(), "Accept-Language": "en-US,en:q=0.9"}
-    )
-    if not resp.ok:
-        raise SearxEngineAPIException("failed to obtain request token: invalid response code")
-
-    token = resp.cookies["cacheft"]
-    if not token:
-        raise SearxEngineAPIException("failed to obtain request token: no token found")
-
-    CACHE.set("token", token, expire=3 * 60)
-    return token
-
-
-def request(query: str, params: "OnlineParams") -> None:
-    args = {
-        "q": query,
-        "page": params["pageno"],
-        "safe": safe_search_map[params["safesearch"]],
-    }
-    if params["searxng_locale"] != "all":
-        args["lang"] = params["searxng_locale"].split("-")[0]
-
-    params["url"] = f"{api_url}/search/{heexy_categ}?{urlencode(args)}"
-
-    params["headers"]["Origin"] = api_url
-    params["cookies"]["cacheft"] = _get_api_token(query)
-
-
-def response(resp: "SXNG_Response"):
-    res = EngineResults()
-
-    json_resp = resp.json()
-    if not json_resp["success"]:
-        raise SearxEngineAccessDeniedException()
-
-    result: dict[str, str]
-    for result in json_resp["results"]:
-        if heexy_categ == "web":
-            res.add(
-                res.types.MainResult(
-                    url=result["url"],
-                    title=result["title"],
-                    content=result["description"],
-                )
-            )
-        elif heexy_categ == "image":
-            res.add(
-                res.types.Image(
-                    title=result["description"],
-                    url=result["url"],
-                    thumbnail_src=result["image"],
-                    img_src=result["rawImage"],
-                )
-            )
-
-    return res

searx/engines/huggingface.py

@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ Implementations
 
 """
 
+import typing as t
 from urllib.parse import urlencode
 from datetime import datetime
 
@@ -62,7 +63,7 @@ huggingface_endpoint = 'models'
 """
 
 
-def init(_):
+def setup(_: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool | None:
     if huggingface_endpoint not in ('datasets', 'models', 'spaces'):
         raise SearxEngineAPIException(f"Unsupported Hugging Face endpoint: {huggingface_endpoint}")
 

searx/engines/invidious.py

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ No public instance offer a public API now
 
 """
 
+import typing as t
 import time
 import random
 from urllib.parse import quote_plus, urlparse
@@ -34,7 +35,7 @@ time_range_support = True
 base_url: list[str] | str = []
 
 
-def init(_):
+def setup(_: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool | None:
     if not base_url:
         raise ValueError("missing invidious base_url")
 

searx/engines/kagi.py

@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ api_key = ""
 """Kagi API key. Required for using this engine."""
 
 
-def init(_):
+def setup(_: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool | None:
     if not api_key:
         raise ValueError("api_key is required for using kagi")
 

searx/engines/luxxle.py

@@ -37,21 +37,17 @@ about = {
 }
 
 categories = []
-safeseach = True
+safesearch = True
 
 base_url = "https://luxxle.com"
 
 luxxle_categ = "search"
 """Supported categories: "search", "news", "images", "videos"."""
 
-# otherwise all requests get blocked (http2-fingerprinted probably)
-enable_http2 = False
-
-
 safe_search_map = {0: "Off", 1: "Moderate", 2: "Strict"}
 
 
-def init(_):
+def setup(_: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool | None:
     if luxxle_categ not in ("search", "images", "videos", "news"):
         raise ValueError("invalid luxxle category: %s" % luxxle_categ)
 

searx/engines/marginalia.py

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ Lofgren .
 .. _marginalia filters:
 
 Marginalia Filters
-=================
+==================
 
 Custom filters enable server-side customization of Marginalia search results.
 Filter definitions are written in XML and scoped to an API key.  Filters can
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ api_key = None
    https://about.marginalia-search.com/article/api/
 
 """
-filter_name: str | None = None
+filter_name: str = ""
 """The name of the custom filter to apply to each search."""
 
 
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ def response(resp: SXNG_Response):
     return res
 
 
-def init(_: dict[str, t.Any]):
+def setup(_: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool:
 
     if not api_key:
         logger.error("missing api_key: see https://about.marginalia-search.com/article/api")

searx/engines/mariadb_server.py

@@ -26,6 +26,8 @@ Implementations
 
 """
 
+import typing as t
+
 try:
     import mariadb  # pyright: ignore [reportMissingImports]
 except ImportError:
@@ -60,15 +62,17 @@ paging = True
 _connection = None
 
 
-def init(engine_settings):
-    global _connection  # pylint: disable=global-statement
-
+def setup(engine_settings: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool | None:
     if 'query_str' not in engine_settings:
         raise ValueError('query_str cannot be empty')
 
     if not engine_settings['query_str'].lower().startswith('select '):
         raise ValueError('only SELECT query is supported')
 
+
+def init(_):
+    global _connection  # pylint: disable=global-statement
+
     _connection = mariadb.connect(database=database, user=username, password=password, host=host, port=port)
 
 

searx/engines/meilisearch.py

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ Here is a simple example to query a Meilisearch instance:
 """
 
 # pylint: disable=global-statement
-
+import typing as t
 from json import dumps
 from searx.result_types import EngineResults
 from searx.extended_types import SXNG_Response
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ categories = ['general']
 paging = True
 
 
-def init(_):
+def setup(_: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool | None:
     if index == '':
         raise ValueError('index cannot be empty')
 

searx/engines/mojeek.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
 """Mojeek (general, images, news)"""
 
+import typing as t
 from datetime import datetime
 from urllib.parse import urlencode
 
@@ -51,7 +52,7 @@ region_param = "arc"
 _delta_kwargs = {"day": "days", "week": "weeks", "month": "months", "year": "years"}
 
 
-def init(_):
+def setup(_: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool | None:
     if search_type not in ("", "images", "news"):
         raise ValueError(f"Invalid search type {search_type}")
 

searx/engines/mrs.py

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ Implementation
 ==============
 """
 
+import typing as t
 from urllib.parse import quote_plus
 
 about = {
@@ -37,7 +38,7 @@ matrix_url = "https://matrix.to"
 page_size = 20
 
 
-def init(engine_settings):  # pylint: disable=unused-argument
+def setup(_: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool | None:
     """The ``base_url`` must be set in the configuration, if ``base_url`` is not
     set, a :py:obj:`ValueError` is raised during initialization.
 

searx/engines/mysql_server.py

@@ -25,6 +25,8 @@ Implementations
 
 """
 
+import typing as t
+
 from searx.result_types import EngineResults
 
 try:
@@ -60,15 +62,17 @@ paging = True
 _connection = None
 
 
-def init(engine_settings):
-    global _connection  # pylint: disable=global-statement
-
+def setup(engine_settings: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool | None:
     if 'query_str' not in engine_settings:
         raise ValueError('query_str cannot be empty')
 
     if not engine_settings['query_str'].lower().startswith('select '):
         raise ValueError('only SELECT query is supported')
 
+
+def init(_):
+    global _connection  # pylint: disable=global-statement
+
     _connection = mysql.connector.connect(
         database=database,
         user=username,

searx/engines/naver.py

@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
 # pylint: disable=line-too-long
 """Naver for SearXNG"""
 
+import typing as t
+
 from urllib.parse import urlencode
 from lxml import html
 
@@ -16,7 +18,6 @@ from searx.utils import (
     html_to_text,
     parse_duration_string,
     js_obj_str_to_python,
-    get_embeded_stream_url,
 )
 
 # engine metadata
@@ -67,7 +68,7 @@ naver_category_dict = {
 }
 
 
-def init(_):
+def setup(_: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool | None:
     if naver_category not in ('general', 'images', 'news', 'videos'):
         raise SearxEngineAPIException(f"Unsupported category: {naver_category}")
 
@@ -193,7 +194,7 @@ def parse_news(data):
 
 
 def parse_videos(data):
-    results = []
+    res = EngineResults()
 
     dom = html.fromstring(data)
 
@@ -212,15 +213,14 @@ def parse_videos(data):
         except (ValueError, TypeError):
             pass
 
-        results.append(
-            {
-                "template": "videos.html",
-                "title": extract_text(eval_xpath(item, ".//a[contains(@class, 'info_title')]")),
-                "url": url,
-                "thumbnail": thumbnail,
-                "length": length,
-                "iframe_src": get_embeded_stream_url(url),
-            }
+        res.add(
+            res.types.LegacyResult(
+                template="videos.html",
+                title=extract_text(eval_xpath(item, ".//a[contains(@class, 'info_title')]")),
+                url=url,
+                thumbnail=thumbnail,
+                length=length,
+            )
         )
 
-    return results
+    return res

searx/engines/neosearch.py

@@ -6,10 +6,14 @@
 
 from json import loads
 import typing as t
-from urllib.parse import urlencode
 
+from lxml import html
+
+from searx.exceptions import SearxEngineAPIException
 from searx.extended_types import SXNG_Response
+from searx.network import get
 from searx.result_types import EngineResults
+from searx.utils import eval_xpath, extract_text
 
 if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
     from searx.enginelib.traits import EngineTraits
@@ -25,18 +29,33 @@ about = {
     "results": "JSON",
 }
 
+paging = False
+enable_http3 = True
+
 base_url = "https://neosearch.org"
 categories = ["general"]
 
-paging = False
+
+def _obtain_xsrf_token() -> str:
+    resp = get(base_url)
+    doc = html.fromstring(resp.text)
+
+    xsrf_token = extract_text(eval_xpath(doc, "//meta[@name='xsrf-token']/@content"))
+    if not xsrf_token:
+        raise SearxEngineAPIException("failed to obtain xsrf token")
+    return xsrf_token
 
 
 def request(query: str, params: "OnlineParams"):
+    params["url"] = f"{base_url}/search"
+    params["headers"]["X-XSRF-TOKEN"] = _obtain_xsrf_token()
+    params["method"] = "POST"
+
     args = {"q": query, "generate": "auto"}
     countrycode = params["searxng_locale"].split("-")[-1].upper()
     if countrycode in traits.custom["countrycodes"]:
         args["loc"] = countrycode
-    params["url"] = f"{base_url}/search?{urlencode(args)}"
+    params["json"] = args
 
 
 def response(resp: "SXNG_Response") -> EngineResults:
@@ -67,7 +86,6 @@ def response(resp: "SXNG_Response") -> EngineResults:
 
 def fetch_traits(engine_traits: "EngineTraits") -> None:
     # pylint: disable=import-outside-toplevel
-    from searx.network import get
     from searx.utils import extr, js_obj_str_to_python
     from babel.core import get_global
 

searx/engines/pexels.py

@@ -2,12 +2,13 @@
 """Pexels (images)"""
 
 import re
+import typing as t
 
 from urllib.parse import urlencode
 from lxml import html
 
 from searx.result_types import EngineResults
-from searx.utils import eval_xpath_list, gen_useragent
+from searx.utils import eval_xpath_list
 from searx.enginelib import EngineCache
 from searx.exceptions import SearxEngineAPIException, SearxEngineAccessDeniedException
 from searx.network import get
@@ -43,24 +44,17 @@ SECRET_KEY_DB_KEY = "secret-key"
 CACHE: EngineCache
 """Cache to store the secret API key for the engine."""
 
-enable_http2 = False
 
-
-def init(engine_settings):
+def setup(engine_settings: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool:
     global CACHE  # pylint: disable=global-statement
     CACHE = EngineCache(engine_settings["name"])
+    return True
 
 
 def _get_secret_key():
     resp = get(
         base_url,
-        headers={
-            # circumvents Cloudflare bot protections
-            "User-Agent": gen_useragent(),
-            "Referer": base_url,
-            "Sec-GPC": "1",
-            "Connection": "keep-alive",
-        },
+        headers={"Referer": base_url},
     )
 
     if resp.status_code != 200:
@@ -103,8 +97,6 @@ def request(query, params):
 
     params["headers"]["secret-key"] = secret_key
 
-    return params
-
 
 def response(resp):
     res = EngineResults()

searx/engines/pixabay.py

@@ -27,9 +27,6 @@ time_range_support = True
 safesearch_map = {0: 'off', 1: '1', 2: '1'}
 time_range_map = {'day': '1d', 'week': '1w', 'month': '1m', 'year': '1y'}
 
-# using http2 returns forbidden errors
-enable_http2 = False
-
 
 def request(query, params):
     args = {
@@ -50,8 +47,6 @@ def request(query, params):
     # prevent automatic redirects to first page on pagination
     params['allow_redirects'] = False
 
-    return params
-
 
 def _image_result(result):
     return {

searx/engines/postgresql.py

@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@ Implementations
 
 """
 
+import typing as t
+
 try:
     import psycopg2  # type: ignore
 except ImportError:
@@ -55,15 +57,17 @@ paging = True
 _connection = None
 
 
-def init(engine_settings):
-    global _connection  # pylint: disable=global-statement
-
+def setup(engine_settings: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool | None:
     if 'query_str' not in engine_settings:
         raise ValueError('query_str cannot be empty')
 
     if not engine_settings['query_str'].lower().startswith('select '):
         raise ValueError('only SELECT query is supported')
 
+
+def init(_):
+    global _connection  # pylint: disable=global-statement
+
     _connection = psycopg2.connect(
         database=database,
         user=username,

searx/engines/privacywall.py

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ from lxml import html
 import babel
 
 from searx.enginelib.traits import EngineTraits
-from searx.utils import eval_xpath_list, eval_xpath, extract_text, get_embeded_stream_url, extr
+from searx.utils import eval_xpath_list, eval_xpath, extract_text, extr
 from searx.locales import region_tag
 from searx.result_types import EngineResults
 
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ video_page_map = {
 }
 
 
-def init(_):
+def setup(_: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool | None:
     if privacywall_category not in ("general", "images", "videos"):
         raise ValueError("invalid category: %s" % privacywall_category)
 
@@ -154,7 +154,6 @@ def _video_results(doc: "ElementBase") -> EngineResults:
                 title=extract_text(eval_xpath(result, ".//h2[contains(@class, 'video-card-title')]")) or "",
                 content=extract_text(eval_xpath(result, ".//p")) or "",
                 thumbnail=thumbnail or "",
-                iframe_src=get_embeded_stream_url(url) or "",
             )
         )
 

searx/engines/quark.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
 """Quark (Shenma) search engine for searxng"""
 
+import typing as t
 from urllib.parse import urlencode
 from datetime import datetime
 import re
@@ -43,7 +44,7 @@ def is_alibaba_captcha(html):
     return bool(re.search(CAPTCHA_PATTERN, html))
 
 
-def init(_):
+def setup(_: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool | None:
     if quark_category not in ('general', 'images'):
         raise SearxEngineAPIException(f"Unsupported category: {quark_category}")
 

searx/engines/qwant.py

@@ -60,9 +60,6 @@ from searx.exceptions import (
     SearxEngineTooManyRequestsException,
 )
 from searx.network import raise_for_httperror
-from searx.utils import (
-    get_embeded_stream_url,
-)
 from searx.result_types import EngineResults
 
 if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
@@ -299,7 +296,6 @@ def response(resp: "SXNG_Response") -> EngineResults:
                         title=title,
                         url=res_url,
                         content=content,
-                        iframe_src=get_embeded_stream_url(res_url),
                         publishedDate=pub_date,
                         thumbnail=thumbnail,
                         template="videos.html",

searx/engines/resulthunter.py

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ from urllib.parse import urlencode
 from lxml import html
 
 from searx import locales
+from searx.exceptions import SearxEngineResponseException
 from searx.result_types import EngineResults
 from searx.utils import eval_xpath_list, eval_xpath, extract_text
 
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ resulthunter_categ = "web"
 """Supported categories are ``web`` and ``images``."""
 
 
-def init(_):
+def setup(_: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool | None:
     if resulthunter_categ not in ("web", "images"):
         raise ValueError("invalid category: %s" % resulthunter_categ)
 
@@ -52,6 +53,7 @@ def request(query: str, params: "OnlineParams") -> None:
         "q": query,
         "search_type": resulthunter_categ,
         "offset": params["pageno"] - 1,
+        "search_source": "other",
     }
 
     # uses Brave's engine traits
@@ -111,6 +113,11 @@ def _image_results(doc: "ElementBase") -> EngineResults:
 def response(resp: "SXNG_Response") -> EngineResults:
     doc = html.fromstring(resp.text)
 
+    # if the request was wrong (e.g. missing params), the site doesn't contain a result container
+    # and instead shows an "Installation required" page to download the resulthunter browser extension
+    if not eval_xpath(doc, "//div[contains(@class, 'organic-results-container')]"):
+        raise SearxEngineResponseException()
+
     match resulthunter_categ:
         case "web":
             return _general_results(doc)

searx/engines/s1search.py

@@ -38,12 +38,10 @@ CACHE: EngineCache
 """Cache to store verification tokens for pagination."""
 
 
-def init(_):
+def setup(engine_settings: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool:
     if not base_url:
         raise ValueError("base_url must be set")
 
-
-def setup(engine_settings: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool:
     global CACHE  # pylint: disable=global-statement
     CACHE = EngineCache(engine_settings["name"])
     return True
@@ -82,7 +80,7 @@ def response(resp: "SXNG_Response") -> EngineResults:
             res.types.MainResult(
                 url=extract_text(eval_xpath(result, ".//a[contains(@class, 'title')]/@href")),
                 title=extract_text(eval_xpath(result, ".//a[contains(@class, 'title')]")),
-                content=extract_text(eval_xpath(result, ".//span[contains(@class, 'description') or @class='']")),
+                content=extract_text(eval_xpath(result, ".//span[contains(@class, 'description') or not(@class)]")),
             )
         )
 

searx/engines/s1search_rampjs.py

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
+"""JavaScript-based s1search implementation. See :ref:`s1search engine`.
+
+Works for all s1search sites that contain the ``__RAMPJS__`` JavaScript variable.
+"""
+
+import json
+import typing as t
+from urllib.parse import urlencode
+
+from searx.result_types import EngineResults
+from searx.utils import extr, html_to_text
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from searx.search.processors import OnlineParams
+    from searx.extended_types import SXNG_Response
+
+about = {
+    "website": "https://s1search.co",
+    "official_api_documentation": None,
+    "use_official_api": False,
+    "require_api_key": False,
+    "results": "JSON",
+}
+
+categories = ["general"]
+paging = True
+
+base_url = "https://search.answers.com"
+# other working base URLs:
+# - https://search.nation.online
+# - https://search.activebeat.com
+# - https://search.legalboulevard.com
+# - https://search.walletgenius.com
+# - https://search.legalboulevard.com
+
+
+def request(query: str, params: "OnlineParams"):
+    args = {"q": query, "page": params["pageno"]}
+    params["url"] = f"{base_url}/?{urlencode(args)}"
+
+
+def response(resp: "SXNG_Response") -> EngineResults:
+    res = EngineResults()
+
+    data_raw = extr(resp.text, "response: ", " };")
+    data = json.loads(data_raw)
+
+    mainline = [s for s in data["search"]["regions"] if s["name"] == "mainline"][0]
+    for group in mainline["groups"]:
+        for result in group["results"]:
+            if not ("url" in result or "clickUrl" in result):
+                continue
+
+            res.add(
+                res.types.MainResult(
+                    url=result.get("url") or result.get("clickUrl"),
+                    title=html_to_text(result["title"]),
+                    content=html_to_text(result["description"]),
+                )
+            )
+
+    return res

searx/engines/searchrockit.py

@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
+"""SearchRockit is an American search engine. It allegedly has its own index,
+but the results seem to come from Google."""
+
+import typing as t
+from urllib.parse import urlencode
+from lxml import html
+from dateutil import parser
+
+from searx.result_types import EngineResults
+from searx.utils import (
+    eval_xpath_list,
+    extract_text,
+    eval_xpath,
+)
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from searx.search.processors import OnlineParams
+    from searx.extended_types import SXNG_Response
+
+about = {
+    "website": "https://searchrockit.com",
+    "official_api_documentation": None,
+    "use_official_api": False,
+    "require_api_key": False,
+    "results": "HTML",
+}
+
+categories = ["general"]
+paging = True
+
+SearchrockitCateg = t.Literal["web", "images", "news"]
+searchrockit_categ: SearchrockitCateg = "web"
+
+base_url = "https://searchrockit.com"
+
+
+def setup(_):
+    if searchrockit_categ not in t.get_args(SearchrockitCateg):
+        raise ValueError("invalid search category: %s" % searchrockit_categ)
+
+
+def request(query: str, params: "OnlineParams") -> None:
+    args = {"q": query, "p": params["pageno"]}
+    params["url"] = f"{base_url}/results/{searchrockit_categ}?{urlencode(args)}"
+
+
+def response(resp: "SXNG_Response") -> EngineResults:
+    doc = html.fromstring(resp.text)
+    res = EngineResults()
+
+    match searchrockit_categ:
+        case "web" | "news":
+            for result in eval_xpath_list(
+                doc, "//div[contains(@class, 'results-list')]/div[contains(@class, 'result-item')]"
+            ):
+                publishedDate = None
+                try:
+                    d = extract_text(eval_xpath(result, ".//span[contains(@class, 'result-item--publishedAt')]")) or ""
+                    publishedDate = parser.parse(d)
+                except parser.ParserError:
+                    pass
+                res.add(
+                    res.types.MainResult(
+                        url=extract_text(eval_xpath(result, ".//a[contains(@class, 'result-item--title')]/@href")),
+                        title=extract_text(eval_xpath(result, ".//a[contains(@class, 'result-item--title')]")) or "",
+                        content=extract_text(eval_xpath(result, ".//a[contains(@class, 'result-item--desc')]")) or "",
+                        thumbnail=extract_text(
+                            eval_xpath(result, ".//a[contains(@class, 'result-item--thumb')]/img/@src")
+                        )
+                        or "",
+                        publishedDate=publishedDate,
+                    )
+                )
+        case "images":
+            for result in eval_xpath_list(
+                doc, "//div[contains(@class, 'image-grid')]/a[contains(@class, 'image-card')]"
+            ):
+                res.add(
+                    res.types.Image(
+                        url=extract_text(eval_xpath(result, "./@href")),
+                        title=extract_text(eval_xpath(result, "./div[contains(@class, 'image-title')]")) or "",
+                        thumbnail_src=extract_text(eval_xpath(result, "./img/@src")) or "",
+                        img_src=extract_text(eval_xpath(result, "./@data-full-url")) or "",
+                    )
+                )
+
+    return res

searx/engines/searchzee.py

@@ -4,13 +4,11 @@ independent search infrastructure."""
 
 import typing as t
 from urllib.parse import urlencode
+import uuid
 
-from searx.exceptions import SearxEngineAPIException
 from searx.extended_types import SXNG_Response
-from searx.network import get
 from searx.result_types import EngineResults
-from searx.utils import extr, html_to_text
-from searx.enginelib import EngineCache
+from searx.utils import html_to_text
 
 if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
     from searx.search.processors import OnlineParams
@@ -34,43 +32,19 @@ SearchzeeCategType = t.Literal["web", "news"]
 searchzee_categ: SearchzeeCategType = None  # type: ignore[reportAssignmentType]
 
 
-CACHE: EngineCache
-"""Cache for storing the scraped API Token."""
-
 base_url = "https://searchzee.com"
 
 # only supports for news
 time_range_map = {"day": "pd", "week": "pw", "month": "pm", "year": "py"}
 
 
-def setup(engine_settings: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool:
+def setup(_: dict[str, t.Any]):
     if searchzee_categ not in t.get_args(SearchzeeCategType):
         raise ValueError("invalid category: %s" % searchzee_categ)
 
-    global CACHE  # pylint: disable=global-statement
-    CACHE = EngineCache(engine_settings["name"])  # type: ignore[reportAny]
-    return True
-
-
-def _obtain_api_token() -> str:
-    token: str | None = CACHE.get("token")  # type: ignore[reportAny]
-    if token:
-        return token
-
-    token_resp = get(
-        f"{base_url}/app.js",
-    )
-    if not token_resp.ok:
-        raise SearxEngineAPIException("failed to obtain api key")
-
-    token = extr(token_resp.text, "const SEARCHZEE_API_TOKEN = \"", "\";")
-    CACHE.set("token", token, expire=3600)
-
-    return token
-
 
 def request(query: str, params: "OnlineParams"):
-    params["headers"]["X-SearchZee-Token"] = _obtain_api_token()
+    params["cookies"]["szs"] = str(uuid.uuid4())
 
     args = {"q": query, "type": searchzee_categ, "offset": params["pageno"] - 1}
     if params["time_range"]:

searx/engines/searx_engine.py

@@ -1,57 +0,0 @@
-# SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
-"""
-Searx (all)
-"""
-
-from json import loads
-from searx.engines import categories as searx_categories
-
-# about
-about = {
-    "website": 'https://github.com/searxng/searxng',
-    "wikidata_id": 'Q17639196',
-    "official_api_documentation": 'https://docs.searxng.org/dev/search_api.html',
-    "use_official_api": True,
-    "require_api_key": False,
-    "results": 'JSON',
-}
-
-categories = searx_categories.keys()
-
-# search-url
-instance_urls = []
-instance_index = 0
-
-
-# do search-request
-def request(query, params):
-    global instance_index  # pylint: disable=global-statement
-    params['url'] = instance_urls[instance_index % len(instance_urls)]
-    params['method'] = 'POST'
-
-    instance_index += 1
-
-    params['data'] = {
-        'q': query,
-        'pageno': params['pageno'],
-        'language': params['language'],
-        'time_range': params['time_range'],
-        'category': params['category'],
-        'format': 'json',
-    }
-
-    return params
-
-
-# get response from search-request
-def response(resp):
-
-    response_json = loads(resp.text)
-    results = response_json['results']
-
-    for i in ('answers', 'infoboxes'):
-        results.extend(response_json[i])
-
-    results.extend({'suggestion': s} for s in response_json['suggestions'])
-
-    return results

searx/engines/solr.py

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ This is an example configuration for searching in the collection
 """
 
 # pylint: disable=global-statement
-
+import typing as t
 from urllib.parse import urlencode
 from searx.exceptions import SearxEngineAPIException
 from searx.result_types import EngineResults
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ _search_url = ''
 paging = True
 
 
-def init(_):
+def setup(_: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool | None:
     if collection == '':
         raise ValueError('collection cannot be empty')
 

searx/engines/soundcloud.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
 """SoundCloud is a German audio streaming service."""
 
+import typing as t
 import re
 import datetime
 
@@ -115,9 +116,10 @@ def response(resp):
     return results
 
 
-def init(engine_settings):  # pylint: disable=unused-argument
+def setup(engine_settings: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool:
     global CACHE  # pylint: disable=global-statement
     CACHE = EngineCache(engine_settings["name"])  # type:ignore
+    return True
 
 
 def get_client_id() -> str | None:

searx/engines/sqlite.py

@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ limit = 10
 paging = True
 
 
-def init(engine_settings):
+def setup(engine_settings: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool | None:
     if 'query_str' not in engine_settings:
         raise ValueError('query_str cannot be empty')
 

searx/engines/startpage.py

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
-"""Startpage's language & region selectors are a mess ..
+"""Startpage requires solving an Anubis POW captcha (difficulty 4).
+Solving it requires a lot of CPU, so the engine is set inactive by default.
+
+Startpage's language & region selectors are a mess ..
 
 .. _startpage regions:
 
@@ -84,6 +87,7 @@ Startpage's category (for Web-search, News, Videos, ..) is set by
 """
 # pylint: disable=too-many-statements
 
+import hashlib
 import re
 import typing as t
 from collections import OrderedDict
@@ -99,7 +103,7 @@ from searx.enginelib import EngineCache
 from searx.enginelib.traits import EngineTraits
 from searx.exceptions import SearxEngineCaptchaException
 from searx.locales import region_tag
-from searx.network import get  # see https://github.com/searxng/searxng/issues/762
+from searx.network import get, post  # see https://github.com/searxng/searxng/issues/762
 from searx.utils import (
     eval_xpath,
     extr,
@@ -165,7 +169,7 @@ CACHE: EngineCache
 seconds."""
 
 
-def init(_):
+def setup(_: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool | None:
     global CACHE  # pylint: disable=global-statement
 
     # hint: all three startpage engines (WEB, Images & News) can/should use the
@@ -176,6 +180,45 @@ def init(_):
 sc_code_cache_sec = 3600
 """Time in seconds the sc-code is cached in memory :py:obj:`get_sc_code`."""
 
+# startpage's anubis difficulty is set to 4
+max_difficulty = 4
+
+
+def _solve_anubis(resp) -> str:
+    """Anubis POW solver"""
+    payload = loads(extr(resp.text, '<script id="anubis_challenge" type="application/json">', "</script>"))
+    challenge = payload["challenge"]
+    difficulty = int(payload["rules"]["difficulty"])
+    if difficulty > max_difficulty:
+        raise SearxEngineCaptchaException(message="startpage: Anubis difficulty too high")
+    prefix = "0" * difficulty
+    blob = challenge["randomData"].encode()
+    for nonce in range(16**difficulty * 8):  # max search is 8x average search, e^-8 = 0.034% will fail
+        digest = hashlib.sha256(blob + str(nonce).encode()).hexdigest()
+        if digest.startswith(prefix):
+            break
+    else:
+        raise SearxEngineCaptchaException(message="startpage: Anubis failed")
+
+    pass_resp = get(
+        f"{base_url}/.within.website/x/cmd/anubis/api/pass-challenge",
+        params={
+            "id": challenge["id"],
+            "response": digest,
+            "nonce": nonce,
+            "redir": str(resp.url),
+            "elapsedTime": "1",
+        },
+        cookies=resp.cookies,
+        allow_redirects=False,
+    )
+    auth = pass_resp.cookies.get("spchal-auth")
+    if not auth:
+        raise SearxEngineCaptchaException(message="startpage: Anubis pass-challenge failed")
+    auth = str(auth)
+    CACHE.set("SPCHAL_AUTH", auth, expire=240)
+    return auth
+
 
 def get_sc_code(params):
     """Get an actual ``sc`` argument from Startpage's search form (HTML page).
@@ -201,6 +244,9 @@ def get_sc_code(params):
     logger.debug("get_sc_code: request headers: %s", headers)
     resp = get(get_sc_url, headers=headers)
 
+    if 'id="anubis_challenge"' in resp.text:
+        resp = get(get_sc_url, headers=headers, cookies={"spchal-auth": _solve_anubis(resp)})
+
     # ?? x = network.get('https://www.startpage.com/sp/cdn/images/filter-chevron.svg', headers=headers)
     # ?? https://www.startpage.com/sp/cdn/images/filter-chevron.svg
     # ?? ping-back URL: https://www.startpage.com/sp/pb?sc=TLsB0oITjZ8F21
@@ -239,8 +285,8 @@ def request(query, params):
     Additionally the arguments form Startpage's search form needs to be set in
     HTML POST data / compare ``<input>`` elements: :py:obj:`search_form_xpath`.
     """
-    engine_region = traits.get_region(params["searxng_locale"], "en-US")
-    engine_language = traits.get_language(params["searxng_locale"], "en")
+    engine_region = traits.get_region(params["searxng_locale"], "en_US")
+    engine_language = traits.get_language(params["searxng_locale"], "english")
 
     params["headers"]["Origin"] = base_url
     params["headers"]["Referer"] = base_url + "/"
@@ -262,9 +308,9 @@ def request(query, params):
         args["language"] = engine_language
         args["lui"] = engine_language
 
+    args["segment"] = "startpage.udog"
     if params["pageno"] > 1:
         args["page"] = params["pageno"]
-        args["segment"] = "startpage.udog"
 
     # Build cookie
     lang_homepage = "en"
@@ -289,6 +335,8 @@ def request(query, params):
         cookie["search_results_region"] = engine_region
 
     params["cookies"]["preferences"] = "N1N".join(["%sEEE%s" % x for x in cookie.items()])
+    if auth := CACHE.get("SPCHAL_AUTH"):
+        params["cookies"]["spchal-auth"] = auth
     logger.debug("cookie preferences: %s", params["cookies"]["preferences"])
 
     logger.debug("data: %s", args)
@@ -400,6 +448,18 @@ def _get_image_result(result) -> dict[str, t.Any] | None:
 
 
 def response(resp):
+    if 'id="anubis_challenge"' in resp.text:
+        params = resp.search_params
+        params["cookies"]["spchal-auth"] = _solve_anubis(resp)
+        resp = post(
+            params["url"] or search_url,
+            data=params["data"],
+            headers=params["headers"],
+            cookies=params["cookies"],
+        )
+        if 'id="anubis_challenge"' in resp.text:
+            raise SearxEngineCaptchaException()
+
     categ = startpage_categ.capitalize()
     results_raw = "{" + extr(resp.text, f"React.createElement(UIStartpage.AppSerp{categ}, {{", "}})") + "}}"
 

searx/engines/startpagina.py

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ page_size = 10
 api_url = "https://search.kompas.services"
 
 
-def init(_):
+def setup(_: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool | None:
     if startpagina_categ not in ("web", "images", "videos", "news"):
         raise ValueError("invalid search type: %s" % startpagina_categ)
 

searx/engines/stocksnap.py

@@ -21,8 +21,6 @@ about = {
     "require_api_key": False,
     "results": "JSON",
 }
-# otherwise all requests get blocked, probably HTTP2 fingerprinting
-enable_http2 = False
 
 base_url = "https://stocksnap.io"
 cdn_url = "https://cdn.stocksnap.io"

searx/engines/swisscows.py

@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ def generate_nonce_and_signature(base_path: str, args: dict[str, t.Any]) -> tupl
 maximum_page_size = {"web": 20, "images": 50, "videos": 10}
 
 
-def init(_):
+def setup(_: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool | None:
     if swisscows_category not in ("web", "images", "videos"):
         raise ValueError("illegal swisscows category: %s" % swisscows_category)
 

searx/engines/tiger.py

@@ -45,12 +45,10 @@ CACHE: EngineCache
 """Cache to store session codes (result of solved CAPTCHA)."""
 
 
-def init(_):
+def setup(engine_settings: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool:
     if tiger_category not in ("Websuche", "News"):
         raise ValueError("invalid search category: %s" % tiger_category)
 
-
-def setup(engine_settings: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool:
     global CACHE  # pylint: disable=global-statement
     CACHE = EngineCache(engine_settings["name"])
     return True

searx/engines/tonline.py

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ from urllib.parse import urlencode
 
 from lxml import html
 
-from searx.utils import eval_xpath_list, eval_xpath, extract_text, get_embeded_stream_url, ElementType
+from searx.utils import eval_xpath_list, eval_xpath, extract_text, ElementType
 from searx.result_types import EngineResults
 from searx.enginelib import EngineAbout
 
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ tonline_channel_map = {"images": "flickr", "videos": "yt"}
 language = "de"
 
 
-def init(_):
+def setup(_: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool | None:
     if tonline_categ not in ("web", "images", "videos", "news"):
         raise ValueError("invalid category: %s" % tonline_categ)
 
@@ -126,7 +126,6 @@ def _video_results(doc: ElementType, res: EngineResults):
                 url=url,
                 title=" - ".join(extract_text(part) or "" for part in title_parts),
                 thumbnail=extract_text(eval_xpath(result, ".//img/@src") or "") or "",
-                iframe_src=get_embeded_stream_url(url) or "",
             )
         )
 

searx/engines/torznab.py

@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ show_torrent_files: bool = False
 show_magnet_links: bool = True
 
 
-def init(engine_settings=None):  # pylint: disable=unused-argument
+def setup(_: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool | None:
     """Initialize the engine."""
     if len(base_url) < 1:
         raise ValueError('missing torznab base_url')

searx/engines/tubearchivist.py

@@ -75,6 +75,7 @@ Implementations
 """
 
 
+import typing as t
 from urllib.parse import urlencode
 from dateutil.parser import parse
 from searx.utils import html_to_text, humanize_number
@@ -115,7 +116,7 @@ def absolute_url(relative_url):
     return f'{base_url.rstrip("/")}{relative_url}'
 
 
-def init(_):
+def setup(_: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool | None:
     if not base_url:
         raise ValueError('tubearchivist engine: base_url is unset')
     if not ta_token:

searx/engines/tusksearch.py

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ from dateutil import parser
 
 from searx.exceptions import SearxEngineAPIException
 from searx.network import get
-from searx.utils import gen_useragent, html_to_text
+from searx.utils import html_to_text
 from searx.result_types import EngineResults
 
 if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ tusk_categ = "web"
 api_url = "https://api.tusksearch.com"
 
 
-def init(_):
+def setup(_: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool | None:
     if tusk_categ not in ("web", "images", "videos", "news"):
         raise ValueError("invalid search type: %s" % tusk_categ)
 
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ def _obtain_x_sid() -> tuple[str, str]:
     The header key is usually called `x-sid-{UUIDv4}`, and the value is
     usually a plain UUIDv4 (but a different one than in the header key).
     """
-    resp = get(f"{api_url}/revcontent/embed.js", headers={"User-Agent": gen_useragent()})
+    resp = get(f"{api_url}/revcontent/embed.js", headers={"Referer": "https://tusksearch.com/"})
     if not resp.ok:
         raise SearxEngineAPIException("failed to obtain request x-sid token")
 
@@ -95,6 +95,7 @@ def request(query: str, params: "OnlineParams") -> None:
             # required - we send a random longitude and latitude instead of the actual user location
             "x-lon": str(round(random.random() * 90, 4)),
             "x-lat": str(round(random.random() * 90, 4)),
+            "Referer": "https://tusksearch.com/",
         }
     )
 

searx/engines/uxwing.py

@@ -17,12 +17,10 @@ about = {
 categories = ['images', 'icons']
 
 base_url = "https://uxwing.com"
-enable_http2 = False
 
 
 def request(query, params):
     params['url'] = f"{base_url}/?s={quote_plus(query)}"
-    return params
 
 
 def response(resp):

searx/engines/vuhuv.py

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ vuhuv_category = "general"
 category_map = {"general": 1, "images": 2, "videos": 3}
 
 
-def init(_):
+def setup(_: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool | None:
     if vuhuv_category not in category_map:
         raise ValueError("invalid category: %s" % vuhuv_category)
 

searx/engines/wolframalpha_noapi.py

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 Wolfram|Alpha (Science)
 """
 
-
+import typing as t
 from json import loads
 from urllib.parse import urlencode
 
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ CACHE: EngineCache
 seconds."""
 
 
-def init(engine_settings):
+def setup(engine_settings: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool | None:
     global CACHE  # pylint: disable=global-statement
     CACHE = EngineCache(engine_settings["name"])  # type:ignore
 

searx/engines/yacy.py

@@ -52,13 +52,13 @@ Implementations
 """
 # pylint: disable=fixme
 
-
+import typing as t
 import random
 from json import loads
 from urllib.parse import urlencode
 from dateutil import parser
 
-from httpx import DigestAuth
+from curl_cffi import CurlOpt
 
 from searx.utils import html_to_text
 
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ selected randomly.
 """
 
 
-def init(_):
+def setup(_: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool | None:
     valid_types = [
         'text',
         'image',
@@ -141,7 +141,10 @@ def request(query, params):
     params["url"] = f"{_base_url()}/yacysearch.json?{urlencode(args)}"
 
     if http_digest_auth_user and http_digest_auth_pass:
-        params['auth'] = DigestAuth(http_digest_auth_user, http_digest_auth_pass)
+        params['curl_options'] = {
+            CurlOpt.HTTPAUTH: 2,  # CURLAUTH_DIGEST
+            CurlOpt.USERPWD: f"{http_digest_auth_user}:{http_digest_auth_pass}",
+        }
 
     return params
 

searx/engines/yandex.py

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ about = {
 # Engine configuration
 categories = []
 paging = True
+enable_http3 = True
 search_type = ""
 
 # Search URL

searx/engines/yandex_api.py

@@ -77,10 +77,10 @@ notifications, but only as a fallback -- a request whose own locale matches
 ``kk``, ``uk``, ``tr`` or ``en``."""
 
 region: str = ""
-"""Optional Yandex `region id`.
+"""Optional Yandex `region id`_.
 Only meaningful together with ``SEARCH_TYPE_RU``.
 
-__ https://aistudio.yandex.ru/docs/en/search-api/reference/regions.html
+.. _region id: https://aistudio.yandex.ru/docs/en/search-api/reference/regions.html
 """
 
 page_size: int = 10

searx/engines/yep.py

@@ -30,8 +30,6 @@ web_base_url = "https://yep.com"
 safesearch = True
 safesearch_map = {0: "off", 1: "moderate", 2: "strict"}
 
-enable_http2 = False
-
 results_per_page = 20
 
 _IMPORT_RE = re.compile(r"import\"(.*?)\";")
@@ -50,9 +48,6 @@ def request(query: str, params: "OnlineParams") -> None:
         {
             "Referer": f"{web_base_url}/",
             "Origin": web_base_url,
-            "Sec-Fetch-Dest": "empty",
-            "Sec-Fetch-Mode": "cors",
-            "Sec-Fetch-Site": "same-site",
         }
     )
 

searx/engines/youtube_api.py

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ about = {
 # engine dependent config
 categories = ['videos', 'music']
 paging = False
+enable_http3 = True
 api_key = None
 
 # search-url

searx/engines/youtube_noapi.py

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ about = {
 # engine dependent config
 categories = ['videos', 'music']
 paging = True
+enable_http3 = True
 language_support = False
 time_range_support = True
 

searx/extended_types.py

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 - :py:obj:`flask.request` is replaced by :py:obj:`sxng_request`
 - :py:obj:`flask.Request` is replaced by :py:obj:`SXNG_Request`
-- :py:obj:`httpx.response` is replaced by :py:obj:`SXNG_Response`
+- :py:obj:`curl_cffi.requests.Response` is replaced by :py:obj:`SXNG_Response`
 
 ----
 
@@ -24,8 +24,10 @@
 __all__ = ["SXNG_Request", "sxng_request", "SXNG_Response"]
 
 import typing
+from urllib.parse import urlsplit
+
 import flask
-import httpx
+from curl_cffi.requests import Response as CurlResponse
 
 if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:
     import searx.preferences
@@ -69,18 +71,37 @@ class SXNG_Request(flask.Request):
 sxng_request = typing.cast(SXNG_Request, flask.request)
 
 
-class SXNG_Response(httpx.Response):
-    """SearXNG extends the class :py:obj:`httpx.Response` with properties from
-    *this* class (type cast of :py:obj:`httpx.Response`).
+class SXNG_URL(str):
+    """String URL"""
+
+    @property
+    def host(self) -> str | None:
+        return urlsplit(self).hostname
+
+    @property
+    def path(self) -> str:
+        return urlsplit(self).path
+
+
+class SXNG_Response(CurlResponse):
+    """SearXNG extends :py:obj:`curl_cffi.requests.Response` with properties from
+    *this* class (type cast of the curl_cffi response).
 
     .. code:: python
 
-       response = httpx.get("https://example.org")
        response = typing.cast(SXNG_Response, response)
        if response.ok:
           ...
        query_was = search_params["query"]
     """
 
-    ok: bool
     search_params: "OnlineParamTypes | OnlineDictParams | OnlineCurrenciesParams"
+    _url: str = ""
+
+    @property
+    def url(self) -> SXNG_URL:  # type: ignore[override]
+        return SXNG_URL(self._url)
+
+    @url.setter
+    def url(self, value: str) -> None:
+        self._url = str(value or "")

searx/favicons/proxy.py

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ import pathlib
 import urllib.parse
 
 import flask
-from httpx import HTTPError
+from curl_cffi.requests.exceptions import RequestException
 import msgspec
 
 from searx import get_setting
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ def search_favicon(resolver: str, authority: str) -> tuple[None | bytes, None |
         if data is None or mime is None:
             data, mime = (None, None)
 
-    except (HTTPError, SearxEngineResponseException):
+    except (RequestException, SearxEngineResponseException):
         pass
 
     cache.CACHE.set(resolver, authority, mime, data)

searx/metrics/error_recorder.py

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import typing as t
 import inspect
 from json import JSONDecodeError
 from urllib.parse import urlparse
-from httpx import HTTPError, HTTPStatusError
+from curl_cffi.requests.exceptions import HTTPError, RequestException
 from searx.exceptions import (
     SearxXPathSyntaxException,
     SearxEngineXPathException,
@@ -100,32 +100,22 @@ def get_trace(traces):
     return traces[-1]
 
 
-def get_hostname(exc: HTTPError) -> str | None:
-    url = exc.request.url
-    if url is None and exc.response is not None:
-        url = exc.response.url
-    return urlparse(url).netloc
+def get_hostname(exc: RequestException) -> str | None:
+    url = getattr(getattr(exc, "request", None), "url", None)
+    if url is None:
+        url = getattr(getattr(exc, "response", None), "url", None)
+    return urlparse(str(url)).netloc if url else None
 
 
 def get_request_exception_messages(
-    exc: HTTPError,
+    exc: RequestException,
 ) -> tuple[str | None, str | None, str | None]:
-    url = None
-    status_code = None
-    reason = None
-    hostname = None
-    if hasattr(exc, '_request') and exc._request is not None:  # pylint: disable=protected-access
-        # exc.request is property that raise an RuntimeException
-        # if exc._request is not defined.
-        url = exc.request.url
-    if url is None and hasattr(exc, 'response') and exc.response is not None:
-        url = exc.response.url
-    if url is not None:
-        hostname = url.host
-    if isinstance(exc, HTTPStatusError):
-        status_code = str(exc.response.status_code)
-        reason = exc.response.reason_phrase
-    return (status_code, reason, hostname)
+    response = getattr(exc, "response", None)
+    status_code = reason = None
+    if isinstance(exc, HTTPError) and response is not None:
+        status_code = str(response.status_code)
+        reason = response.reason
+    return (status_code, reason, get_hostname(exc))
 
 
 def get_messages(exc, filename) -> tuple[str, ...]:  # pylint: disable=too-many-return-statements
@@ -135,7 +125,7 @@ def get_messages(exc, filename) -> tuple[str, ...]:  # pylint: disable=too-many-
         return (str(exc),)
     if isinstance(exc, ValueError) and 'lxml' in filename:
         return (str(exc),)
-    if isinstance(exc, HTTPError):
+    if isinstance(exc, RequestException):
         return get_request_exception_messages(exc)
     if isinstance(exc, SearxXPathSyntaxException):
         return (exc.xpath_str, exc.message)

searx/network/__init__.py

@@ -14,8 +14,7 @@ from timeit import default_timer
 from collections.abc import Iterable
 from contextlib import contextmanager
 
-import httpx
-import anyio
+from curl_cffi.requests.exceptions import StreamConsumedError, Timeout
 
 from searx.extended_types import SXNG_Response
 from .network import get_network, initialize, check_network_configuration  # pylint:disable=cyclic-import
@@ -74,7 +73,6 @@ def _get_timeout(start_time: float, kwargs: t.Any) -> float:
     # pylint: disable=too-many-branches
 
     timeout: float | None
-    # timeout (httpx)
     if 'timeout' in kwargs:
         timeout = kwargs['timeout']
     else:
@@ -105,10 +103,10 @@ def request(method: str, url: str, **kwargs: t.Any) -> SXNG_Response:
         try:
             return future.result(timeout)
         except concurrent.futures.TimeoutError as e:
-            raise httpx.TimeoutException('Timeout', request=None) from e
+            raise Timeout('Timeout') from e
 
 
-def multi_requests(request_list: list["Request"]) -> list[httpx.Response | Exception]:
+def multi_requests(request_list: list["Request"]) -> list[SXNG_Response | Exception]:
     """send multiple HTTP requests in parallel. Wait for all requests to finish."""
     with _record_http_time() as start_time:
         # send the requests
@@ -128,7 +126,7 @@ def multi_requests(request_list: list["Request"]) -> list[httpx.Response | Excep
             try:
                 responses.append(future.result(timeout))
             except concurrent.futures.TimeoutError:
-                responses.append(httpx.TimeoutException('Timeout', request=None))
+                responses.append(Timeout('Timeout'))
             except Exception as e:  # pylint: disable=broad-except
                 responses.append(e)
         return responses
@@ -205,14 +203,12 @@ async def stream_chunk_to_queue(network, queue, method: str, url: str, **kwargs:
     try:
         async with await network.stream(method, url, **kwargs) as response:
             queue.put(response)
-            # aiter_raw: access the raw bytes on the response without applying any HTTP content decoding
-            # https://www.python-httpx.org/quickstart/#streaming-responses
-            async for chunk in response.aiter_raw(65536):
+            async for chunk in response.aiter_content():
                 if len(chunk) > 0:
                     queue.put(chunk)
-    except (httpx.StreamClosed, anyio.ClosedResourceError):
+    except StreamConsumedError:
         # the response was queued before the exception.
-        # the exception was raised on aiter_raw.
+        # the exception was raised on aiter_content.
         # we do nothing here: in the finally block, None will be queued
         # so stream(method, url, **kwargs) generator can stop
         pass
@@ -246,22 +242,19 @@ def _close_response_method(self):
     asyncio.run_coroutine_threadsafe(self.aclose(), get_loop())
     # reach the end of _self.generator ( _stream_generator ) to an avoid memory leak.
     # it makes sure that :
-    # * the httpx response is closed (see the stream_chunk_to_queue function)
+    # * the curl_cffi response is closed (see the stream_chunk_to_queue function)
     # * to call future.result() in _stream_generator
     for _ in self._generator:  # pylint: disable=protected-access
         continue
 
 
 def stream(method: str, url: str, **kwargs: t.Any) -> tuple[SXNG_Response, Iterable[bytes]]:
-    """Replace httpx.stream.
+    """Stream for the image proxy.
 
     Usage:
-    response, stream = poolrequests.stream(...)
+    response, stream = searx.network.stream(...)
     for chunk in stream:
         ...
-
-    httpx.Client.stream requires to write the httpx.HTTPTransport version of the
-    the httpx.AsyncHTTPTransport declared above.
     """
     generator = _stream_generator(method, url, **kwargs)
 

searx/network/client.py

@@ -2,207 +2,114 @@
 # pylint: disable=missing-module-docstring, global-statement
 
 import typing as t
-from types import TracebackType
 
 import asyncio
 import logging
-import random
-from ssl import SSLContext
+import os
 import threading
 
-import httpx
-from httpx_socks import AsyncProxyTransport
-from python_socks import parse_proxy_url, ProxyConnectionError, ProxyTimeoutError, ProxyError
+from curl_cffi import AsyncSession, CurlHttpVersion, CurlOpt
+from curl_cffi.requests.exceptions import InvalidSchema, RequestException
 
-from searx import logger
+from searx.extended_types import SXNG_Response
 
-CertTypes = str | tuple[str, str] | tuple[str, str, str]
-SslContextKeyType = tuple[str | None, CertTypes | None, bool, bool]
-
-logger = logger.getChild('searx.network.client')
 LOOP: asyncio.AbstractEventLoop = None  # pyright: ignore[reportAssignmentType]
 
-SSLCONTEXTS: dict[SslContextKeyType, SSLContext] = {}
+# chrome is used by default
+DEFAULT_IMPERSONATE = "chrome"
+NO_IMPERSONATE = "none"
 
 
-def shuffle_ciphers(ssl_context: SSLContext):
-    """Shuffle httpx's default ciphers of a SSL context randomly.
+class AsyncClient(AsyncSession):
+    """:class:`curl_cffi.AsyncSession` with ``aclose`` / ``is_closed``."""
 
-    From `What Is TLS Fingerprint and How to Bypass It`_
+    def __init__(self, enable_http: bool, **kwargs: t.Any):
+        self.enable_http = enable_http
+        self._closed = False
+        super().__init__(**kwargs)
 
-    > When implementing TLS fingerprinting, servers can't operate based on a
-    > locked-in whitelist database of fingerprints.  New fingerprints appear
-    > when web clients or TLS libraries release new versions. So, they have to
-    > live off a blocklist database instead.
-    > ...
-    > It's safe to leave the first three as is but shuffle the remaining ciphers
-    > and you can bypass the TLS fingerprint check.
+    @property
+    def is_closed(self) -> bool:
+        return self._closed
 
-    .. _What Is TLS Fingerprint and How to Bypass It:
-       https://www.zenrows.com/blog/what-is-tls-fingerprint#how-to-bypass-tls-fingerprinting
-
-    """
-    c_list = [cipher["name"] for cipher in ssl_context.get_ciphers()]
-    sc_list, c_list = c_list[:3], c_list[3:]
-    random.shuffle(c_list)
-    ssl_context.set_ciphers(":".join(sc_list + c_list))
-
-
-def get_sslcontexts(
-    proxy_url: str | None = None, cert: CertTypes | None = None, verify: bool = True, trust_env: bool = True
-) -> SSLContext:
-    key: SslContextKeyType = (proxy_url, cert, verify, trust_env)
-    if key not in SSLCONTEXTS:
-        SSLCONTEXTS[key] = httpx.create_ssl_context(verify, cert, trust_env)
-    shuffle_ciphers(SSLCONTEXTS[key])
-    return SSLCONTEXTS[key]
-
-
-class AsyncHTTPTransportNoHttp(httpx.AsyncHTTPTransport):
-    """Block HTTP request
-
-    The constructor is blank because httpx.AsyncHTTPTransport.__init__ creates an SSLContext unconditionally:
-    https://github.com/encode/httpx/blob/0f61aa58d66680c239ce43c8cdd453e7dc532bfc/httpx/_transports/default.py#L271
-
-    Each SSLContext consumes more than 500kb of memory, since there is about one network per engine.
-
-    In consequence, this class overrides all public methods
-
-    For reference: https://github.com/encode/httpx/issues/2298
-    """
-
-    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):  # type: ignore
-        # pylint: disable=super-init-not-called
-        # this on purpose if the base class is not called
-        pass
-
-    async def handle_async_request(self, request: httpx.Request):
-        raise httpx.UnsupportedProtocol('HTTP protocol is disabled')
+    def check_url(self, url: str) -> None:
+        if not self.enable_http and str(url).startswith("http://"):
+            raise InvalidSchema("HTTP protocol is disabled")
 
     async def aclose(self) -> None:
-        pass
-
-    async def __aenter__(self):
-        return self
-
-    async def __aexit__(
-        self,
-        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None = None,
-        exc_value: BaseException | None = None,
-        traceback: TracebackType | None = None,
-    ) -> None:
-        pass
-
-
-class AsyncProxyTransportFixed(AsyncProxyTransport):
-    """Fix httpx_socks.AsyncProxyTransport
-
-    Map python_socks exceptions to httpx.ProxyError exceptions
-    """
-
-    async def handle_async_request(self, request: httpx.Request):
+        if self._closed:
+            return
+        self._closed = True
         try:
-            return await super().handle_async_request(request)
-        except ProxyConnectionError as e:
-            raise httpx.ProxyError("ProxyConnectionError: " + str(e.strerror), request=request) from e
-        except ProxyTimeoutError as e:
-            raise httpx.ProxyError("ProxyTimeoutError: " + str(e.args[0]), request=request) from e
-        except ProxyError as e:
-            raise httpx.ProxyError("ProxyError: " + str(e.args[0]), request=request) from e
+            await self.close()
+        except RequestException:
+            pass
 
 
-def get_transport_for_socks_proxy(
-    verify: bool, http2: bool, local_address: str, proxy_url: str, limit: httpx.Limits, retries: int
-):
-    # support socks5h (requests compatibility):
-    # https://requests.readthedocs.io/en/master/user/advanced/#socks
-    # socks5://   hostname is resolved on client side
-    # socks5h://  hostname is resolved on proxy side
-    rdns = False
-    socks5h = 'socks5h://'
-    if proxy_url.startswith(socks5h):
-        proxy_url = 'socks5://' + proxy_url[len(socks5h) :]
-        rdns = True
-
-    proxy_type, proxy_host, proxy_port, proxy_username, proxy_password = parse_proxy_url(proxy_url)
-    _verify = get_sslcontexts(proxy_url, None, verify, True) if verify is True else verify
-    return AsyncProxyTransportFixed(
-        proxy_type=proxy_type,
-        proxy_host=proxy_host,
-        proxy_port=proxy_port,
-        username=proxy_username,
-        password=proxy_password,
-        rdns=rdns,
-        verify=_verify,  # pyright: ignore[reportArgumentType]
-        http2=http2,
-        local_address=local_address,
-        limits=limit,
-        retries=retries,
-    )
-
-
-def get_transport(
-    verify: bool, http2: bool, local_address: str, proxy_url: str | None, limit: httpx.Limits, retries: int
-):
-    _verify = get_sslcontexts(None, None, verify, True) if verify is True else verify
-    return httpx.AsyncHTTPTransport(
-        # pylint: disable=protected-access
-        verify=_verify,
-        http2=http2,
-        limits=limit,
-        proxy=httpx._config.Proxy(proxy_url) if proxy_url else None,  # pyright: ignore[reportPrivateUsage]
-        local_address=local_address,
-        retries=retries,
-    )
+def _proxy_kwargs(proxies: dict[str, str], enable_http: bool) -> dict[str, t.Any]:
+    """Map settings.yml proxy keys (``all://``, ``https://``) to curl_cffi."""
+    mapped: dict[str, str] = {}
+    all_proxy: str | None = None
+    for pattern, proxy_url in proxies.items():
+        if not enable_http and pattern.startswith("http://"):
+            continue
+        if pattern.startswith("https"):
+            mapped["https"] = proxy_url
+        elif pattern.startswith("http"):
+            mapped["http"] = proxy_url
+        else:
+            all_proxy = proxy_url
+    if all_proxy:
+        return {"proxy": all_proxy}
+    if mapped:
+        return {"proxies": mapped}
+    return {}
 
 
 def new_client(
     # pylint: disable=too-many-arguments
     enable_http: bool,
-    verify: bool,
+    verify: bool | str,
     enable_http2: bool,
+    enable_http3: bool,
     max_connections: int,
-    max_keepalive_connections: int,
-    keepalive_expiry: float,
     proxies: dict[str, str],
-    local_address: str,
-    retries: int,
+    local_address: str | None,
     max_redirects: int,
-    hook_log_response: t.Callable[..., t.Any] | None,
-) -> httpx.AsyncClient:
-    limit = httpx.Limits(
-        max_connections=max_connections,
-        max_keepalive_connections=max_keepalive_connections,
-        keepalive_expiry=keepalive_expiry,
-    )
-    # See https://www.python-httpx.org/advanced/#routing
-    mounts = {}
-    mounts: None | (dict[str, t.Any | None]) = {}
-    for pattern, proxy_url in proxies.items():
-        if not enable_http and pattern.startswith('http://'):
-            continue
-        if proxy_url.startswith('socks4://') or proxy_url.startswith('socks5://') or proxy_url.startswith('socks5h://'):
-            mounts[pattern] = get_transport_for_socks_proxy(
-                verify, enable_http2, local_address, proxy_url, limit, retries
-            )
-        else:
-            mounts[pattern] = get_transport(verify, enable_http2, local_address, proxy_url, limit, retries)
-
-    if not enable_http:
-        mounts['http://'] = AsyncHTTPTransportNoHttp()
-
-    transport = get_transport(verify, enable_http2, local_address, None, limit, retries)
-
-    event_hooks = None
-    if hook_log_response:
-        event_hooks = {'response': [hook_log_response]}
-
-    return httpx.AsyncClient(
-        transport=transport,
-        mounts=mounts,
-        max_redirects=max_redirects,
-        event_hooks=event_hooks,
-    )
+    impersonate: str = DEFAULT_IMPERSONATE,
+    curl_options: dict[int, t.Any] | None = None,
+) -> AsyncClient:
+    extra_curl = dict(curl_options or {})
+    cert_file = os.environ.get("SSL_CERT_FILE")
+    if cert_file:
+        extra_curl.setdefault(CurlOpt.CAINFO, cert_file)
+    cert_dir = os.environ.get("SSL_CERT_DIR")
+    if cert_dir:
+        extra_curl.setdefault(CurlOpt.CAPATH, cert_dir)
+    use_impersonate = impersonate not in ("", NO_IMPERSONATE)
+    kwargs: dict[str, t.Any] = {
+        "enable_http": enable_http,
+        "verify": verify,
+        "max_redirects": max_redirects,
+        "max_clients": max_connections or 10,
+        "response_class": SXNG_Response,
+        "discard_cookies": True,
+        **_proxy_kwargs(proxies, enable_http),
+    }
+    if use_impersonate:
+        kwargs["impersonate"] = impersonate
+        kwargs["default_headers"] = True
+    if local_address:
+        kwargs["interface"] = local_address
+    if not enable_http2:
+        kwargs["http_version"] = CurlHttpVersion.V1_1
+    elif enable_http3 and not proxies:
+        kwargs["http_version"] = CurlHttpVersion.V3
+    else:
+        kwargs["http_version"] = CurlHttpVersion.V2_0
+    if extra_curl:
+        kwargs["curl_options"] = extra_curl
+    return AsyncClient(**kwargs)
 
 
 def get_loop() -> asyncio.AbstractEventLoop:
@@ -210,30 +117,18 @@ def get_loop() -> asyncio.AbstractEventLoop:
 
 
 def init():
-    # log
-    for logger_name in (
-        'httpx',
-        'httpcore.proxy',
-        'httpcore.connection',
-        'httpcore.http11',
-        'httpcore.http2',
-        'hpack.hpack',
-        'hpack.table',
-    ):
-        logging.getLogger(logger_name).setLevel(logging.WARNING)
+    logging.getLogger("curl_cffi").setLevel(logging.WARNING)
+
+    ready = threading.Event()
 
-    # loop
     def loop_thread():
         global LOOP
         LOOP = asyncio.new_event_loop()
+        ready.set()
         LOOP.run_forever()
 
-    thread = threading.Thread(
-        target=loop_thread,
-        name='asyncio_loop',
-        daemon=True,
-    )
-    thread.start()
+    threading.Thread(target=loop_thread, name="asyncio_loop", daemon=True).start()
+    ready.wait()
 
 
 init()

searx/network/network.py

@@ -13,11 +13,16 @@ import asyncio
 import ipaddress
 from itertools import cycle
 
-import httpx
+from curl_cffi import CurlHttpVersion
+from curl_cffi.requests.exceptions import (
+    ConnectionError as CurlConnectionError,
+    ProxyError,
+    RequestException,
+)
 
 from searx import logger, sxng_debug
 from searx.extended_types import SXNG_Response
-from .client import new_client, get_loop, AsyncHTTPTransportNoHttp
+from .client import DEFAULT_IMPERSONATE, AsyncClient, new_client, get_loop
 from .raise_for_httperror import raise_for_httperror
 
 
@@ -48,9 +53,8 @@ class Network:
         'enable_http',
         'verify',
         'enable_http2',
+        'enable_http3',
         'max_connections',
-        'max_keepalive_connections',
-        'keepalive_expiry',
         'local_addresses',
         'proxies',
         'using_tor_proxy',
@@ -64,6 +68,7 @@ class Network:
     )
 
     _TOR_CHECK_RESULT = {}
+    _CLIENT_KWARGS = ('verify', 'max_redirects', 'impersonate', 'curl_options', 'enable_http3')
 
     def __init__(
         # pylint: disable=too-many-arguments
@@ -71,9 +76,8 @@ class Network:
         enable_http: bool = True,
         verify: bool = True,
         enable_http2: bool = False,
+        enable_http3: bool = False,
         max_connections: int = None,  # pyright: ignore[reportArgumentType]
-        max_keepalive_connections: int = None,  # pyright: ignore[reportArgumentType]
-        keepalive_expiry: float = None,  # pyright: ignore[reportArgumentType]
         proxies: str | dict[str, str] | None = None,
         using_tor_proxy: bool = False,
         local_addresses: str | list[str] | None = None,
@@ -86,9 +90,8 @@ class Network:
         self.enable_http = enable_http
         self.verify = verify
         self.enable_http2 = enable_http2
+        self.enable_http3 = enable_http3
         self.max_connections = max_connections
-        self.max_keepalive_connections = max_keepalive_connections
-        self.keepalive_expiry = keepalive_expiry
         self.proxies = proxies
         self.using_tor_proxy = using_tor_proxy
         self.local_addresses = local_addresses
@@ -137,7 +140,6 @@ class Network:
     def iter_proxies(self) -> Generator[tuple[str, list[str]]]:
         if not self.proxies:
             return
-        # https://www.python-httpx.org/compatibility/#proxy-keys
         if isinstance(self.proxies, str):
             yield 'all://', [self.proxies]
         else:
@@ -155,62 +157,73 @@ class Network:
             # pylint: disable=stop-iteration-return
             yield tuple((pattern, next(proxy_url_cycle)) for pattern, proxy_url_cycle in proxy_settings.items())
 
-    async def log_response(self, response: httpx.Response):
+    _HTTP_VERSION = {
+        int(CurlHttpVersion.V1_0): "HTTP/1.0",
+        int(CurlHttpVersion.V1_1): "HTTP/1.1",
+        int(CurlHttpVersion.V2_0): "HTTP/2",
+        int(CurlHttpVersion.V2TLS): "HTTP/2",
+        int(CurlHttpVersion.V2_PRIOR_KNOWLEDGE): "HTTP/2",
+        int(CurlHttpVersion.V3): "HTTP/3",
+        int(CurlHttpVersion.V3ONLY): "HTTP/3",
+    }
+
+    async def log_response(self, response: SXNG_Response):
         request = response.request
-        status = f"{response.status_code} {response.reason_phrase}"
-        response_line = f"{response.http_version} {status}"
+        http_version = self._HTTP_VERSION.get(response.http_version, str(response.http_version))
+        status = f"{response.status_code} {response.reason}"
+        response_line = f"{http_version} {status}"
         content_type = response.headers.get("Content-Type")
         content_type = f' ({content_type})' if content_type else ''
-        self._logger.debug(f'HTTP Request: {request.method} {request.url} "{response_line}"{content_type}')
+        method = request.method if request else "?"
+        url = request.url if request else response.url
+        self._logger.debug(f'HTTP Request: {method} {url} "{response_line}"{content_type}')
 
     @staticmethod
-    async def check_tor_proxy(client: httpx.AsyncClient, proxies) -> bool:
+    async def check_tor_proxy(client: AsyncClient, proxies) -> bool:
         if proxies in Network._TOR_CHECK_RESULT:
             return Network._TOR_CHECK_RESULT[proxies]
 
-        result = True
-        # ignore client._transport because it is not used with all://
-        for transport in client._mounts.values():  # pylint: disable=protected-access
-            if isinstance(transport, AsyncHTTPTransportNoHttp):
-                continue
-            if getattr(transport, "_pool") and getattr(
-                # pylint: disable=protected-access
-                transport._pool,  # type: ignore
-                "_rdns",
-                False,
-            ):
-                continue
+        if not proxies or not all(url.startswith('socks5h://') for _, url in proxies):
+            Network._TOR_CHECK_RESULT[proxies] = False
             return False
+
         response = await client.get("https://check.torproject.org/api/ip", timeout=60)
-        if not response.json()["IsTor"]:
-            result = False
+        result = bool(response.json()["IsTor"])
         Network._TOR_CHECK_RESULT[proxies] = result
         return result
 
-    async def get_client(self, verify: bool | None = None, max_redirects: int | None = None) -> httpx.AsyncClient:
+    async def get_client(
+        self,
+        verify: bool | None = None,
+        max_redirects: int | None = None,
+        impersonate: str | None = None,
+        curl_options: dict[int, t.Any] | None = None,
+        enable_http3: bool | None = None,
+    ) -> AsyncClient:
         verify = self.verify if verify is None else verify
         max_redirects = self.max_redirects if max_redirects is None else max_redirects
+        impersonate = impersonate or DEFAULT_IMPERSONATE
+        enable_http3 = self.enable_http3 if enable_http3 is None else enable_http3
         local_address = next(self._local_addresses_cycle)
         proxies = next(self._proxies_cycle)  # is a tuple so it can be part of the key
-        key = (verify, max_redirects, local_address, proxies)
-        hook_log_response = self.log_response if sxng_debug else None
+        curl_key = tuple(sorted((int(k), v) for k, v in (curl_options or {}).items()))
+        key = (verify, max_redirects, local_address, proxies, impersonate, curl_key, enable_http3)
         if key not in self._clients or self._clients[key].is_closed:
             client = new_client(
                 self.enable_http,
                 verify,
                 self.enable_http2,
+                enable_http3,
                 self.max_connections,
-                self.max_keepalive_connections,
-                self.keepalive_expiry,
                 dict(proxies),
                 local_address,
-                0,
                 max_redirects,
-                hook_log_response,
+                impersonate=impersonate,
+                curl_options=curl_options,
             )
             if self.using_tor_proxy and not await self.check_tor_proxy(client, proxies):
                 await client.aclose()
-                raise httpx.ProxyError('Network configuration problem: not using Tor')
+                raise ProxyError('Network configuration problem: not using Tor')
             self._clients[key] = client
         return self._clients[key]
 
@@ -218,22 +231,14 @@ class Network:
         async def close_client(client):
             try:
                 await client.aclose()
-            except httpx.HTTPError:
+            except RequestException:
                 pass
 
         await asyncio.gather(*[close_client(client) for client in self._clients.values()], return_exceptions=False)
 
     @staticmethod
     def extract_kwargs_clients(kwargs: dict[str, t.Any]) -> dict[str, t.Any]:
-        kwargs_clients: dict[str, t.Any] = {}
-        if 'verify' in kwargs:
-            kwargs_clients['verify'] = kwargs.pop('verify')
-        if 'max_redirects' in kwargs:
-            kwargs_clients['max_redirects'] = kwargs.pop('max_redirects')
-        if 'allow_redirects' in kwargs:
-            # see https://github.com/encode/httpx/pull/1808
-            kwargs['follow_redirects'] = kwargs.pop('allow_redirects')
-        return kwargs_clients
+        return {key: kwargs.pop(key) for key in Network._CLIENT_KWARGS if key in kwargs}
 
     @staticmethod
     def extract_do_raise_for_httperror(kwargs: dict[str, t.Any]):
@@ -243,23 +248,18 @@ class Network:
             del kwargs['raise_for_httperror']
         return do_raise_for_httperror
 
-    def patch_response(self, response: httpx.Response, do_raise_for_httperror: bool) -> SXNG_Response:
-        if isinstance(response, httpx.Response):
-            response = t.cast(SXNG_Response, response)
-            # requests compatibility (response is not streamed)
-            # see also https://www.python-httpx.org/compatibility/#checking-for-4xx5xx-responses
-            response.ok = not response.is_error
-
-            # raise an exception
-            if do_raise_for_httperror:
-                try:
-                    raise_for_httperror(response)
-                except:
-                    self._logger.warning(f"HTTP Request failed: {response.request.method} {response.request.url}")
-                    raise
+    def patch_response(self, response: SXNG_Response, do_raise_for_httperror: bool) -> SXNG_Response:
+        if do_raise_for_httperror:
+            try:
+                raise_for_httperror(response)
+            except:
+                method = response.request.method if response.request else "?"
+                url = response.request.url if response.request else response.url
+                self._logger.warning(f"HTTP Request failed: {method} {url}")
+                raise
         return response
 
-    def is_valid_response(self, response: httpx.Response):
+    def is_valid_response(self, response: SXNG_Response):
         # pylint: disable=too-many-boolean-expressions
         if (
             (self.retry_on_http_error is True and 400 <= response.status_code <= 599)
@@ -276,26 +276,29 @@ class Network:
         kwargs_clients = Network.extract_kwargs_clients(kwargs)
         while retries >= 0:  # pragma: no cover
             client = await self.get_client(**kwargs_clients)
-            cookies = kwargs.pop("cookies", None)
-            client.cookies = httpx.Cookies(cookies)
             try:
+                method = method.upper()
+                client.check_url(url)
                 if stream:
                     return client.stream(method, url, **kwargs)
 
                 response = await client.request(method, url, **kwargs)
+                if sxng_debug:
+                    await self.log_response(response)
                 if self.is_valid_response(response) or retries <= 0:
                     return self.patch_response(response, do_raise_for_httperror)
-            except httpx.RemoteProtocolError as e:
+                await client.aclose()
+            except CurlConnectionError as e:
                 if not was_disconnected:
                     # the server has closed the connection:
                     # try again without decreasing the retries variable & with a new HTTP client
                     was_disconnected = True
                     await client.aclose()
-                    self._logger.warning('httpx.RemoteProtocolError: the server has disconnected, retrying')
+                    self._logger.warning('ConnectionError: the server has disconnected, retrying')
                     continue
                 if retries <= 0:
                     raise e
-            except (httpx.RequestError, httpx.HTTPStatusError) as e:
+            except RequestException as e:
                 if retries <= 0:
                     raise e
             retries -= 1
@@ -346,15 +349,12 @@ def initialize(
     settings_engines = settings_engines or settings['engines']
     settings_outgoing = settings_outgoing or settings['outgoing']
 
-    # default parameters for AsyncHTTPTransport
-    # see https://github.com/encode/httpx/blob/e05a5372eb6172287458b37447c30f650047e1b8/httpx/_transports/default.py#L108-L121  # pylint: disable=line-too-long
     default_params: dict[str, t.Any] = {
         'enable_http': False,
         'verify': settings_outgoing['verify'],
         'enable_http2': settings_outgoing['enable_http2'],
+        'enable_http3': False,
         'max_connections': settings_outgoing['pool_connections'],
-        'max_keepalive_connections': settings_outgoing['pool_maxsize'],
-        'keepalive_expiry': settings_outgoing['keepalive_expiry'],
         'local_addresses': settings_outgoing['source_ips'],
         'using_tor_proxy': settings_outgoing['using_tor_proxy'],
         'proxies': settings_outgoing['proxies'],
@@ -424,9 +424,6 @@ def initialize(
 def done():
     """Close all HTTP client
 
-    Avoid a warning at exit
-    See https://github.com/encode/httpx/pull/2026
-
     Note: since Network.aclose has to be async, it is not possible to call this method on Network.__del__
     So Network.aclose is called here using atexit.register
     """

searx/network/raise_for_httperror.py

@@ -59,13 +59,10 @@ def raise_for_captcha(resp: "SXNG_Response"):
 
 
 def raise_for_httperror(resp: "SXNG_Response") -> None:
-    """Raise exception for an HTTP response is an error.
-
-    Args:
-        resp (requests.Response): Response to check
+    """Raise an exception if the HTTP response is an error.
 
     Raises:
-        requests.HTTPError: raise by resp.raise_for_status()
+        curl_cffi.requests.exceptions.HTTPError: raised by resp.raise_for_status()
         searx.exceptions.SearxEngineAccessDeniedException: raise when the HTTP status code is 402 or 403.
         searx.exceptions.SearxEngineTooManyRequestsException: raise when the HTTP status code is 429.
         searx.exceptions.SearxEngineCaptchaException: raise when if CATPCHA challenge is detected.