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<li class="nav-item nav-item-this"><a href="">Limiter</a></li>
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<section id="limiter">
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<span id="id1"></span><h1>Limiter<a class="headerlink" href="#limiter" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h1>
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<aside class="sidebar">
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<p class="sidebar-title">info</p>
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<p>The limiter requires a <a class="reference internal" href="settings/settings_redis.html#settings-redis"><span class="std std-ref">Redis</span></a> database.</p>
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</aside>
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<nav class="contents local" id="contents">
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<ul class="simple">
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<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#enable-limiter" id="id3">Enable Limiter</a></p></li>
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<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#configure-limiter" id="id4">Configure Limiter</a></p></li>
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<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#limiter-toml" id="id5"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">limiter.toml</span></code></a></p></li>
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<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#implementation" id="id6">Implementation</a></p></li>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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<p id="module-searx.limiter">Bot protection / IP rate limitation. The intention of rate limitation is to
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limit suspicious requests from an IP. The motivation behind this is the fact
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that SearXNG passes through requests from bots and is thus classified as a bot
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itself. As a result, the SearXNG engine then receives a CAPTCHA or is blocked
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by the search engine (the origin) in some other way.</p>
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<p>To avoid blocking, the requests from bots to SearXNG must also be blocked, this
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is the task of the limiter. To perform this task, the limiter uses the methods
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from the <a class="reference internal" href="../src/searx.botdetection.html#botdetection"><span class="std std-ref">Bot Detection</span></a>:</p>
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<ul class="simple">
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<li><p>Analysis of the HTTP header in the request / <a class="reference internal" href="../src/searx.botdetection.html#botdetection-probe-headers"><span class="std std-ref">Probe HTTP headers</span></a>
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can be easily bypassed.</p></li>
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<li><p>Block and pass lists in which IPs are listed / <a class="reference internal" href="../src/searx.botdetection.html#botdetection-ip-lists"><span class="std std-ref">IP lists</span></a>
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are hard to maintain, since the IPs of bots are not all known and change over
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the time.</p></li>
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<li><p>Detection & dynamically <a class="reference internal" href="../src/searx.botdetection.html#botdetection-rate-limit"><span class="std std-ref">Rate limit</span></a> of bots based on the
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behavior of the requests. For dynamically changeable IP lists a Redis
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database is needed.</p></li>
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</ul>
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<p>The prerequisite for IP based methods is the correct determination of the IP of
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the client. The IP of the client is determined via the <a class="reference external" href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/X-Forwarded-For">X-Forwarded-For</a> HTTP
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header.</p>
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<div class="admonition attention">
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<p class="admonition-title">Attention</p>
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<p>A correct setup of the HTTP request headers <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">X-Forwarded-For</span></code> and
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<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">X-Real-IP</span></code> is essential to be able to assign a request to an IP correctly:</p>
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<ul class="simple">
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<li><p><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.searxng.org/admin/installation-nginx.html#nginx-s-searxng-site">NGINX RequestHeader</a></p></li>
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<li><p><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.searxng.org/admin/installation-apache.html#apache-s-searxng-site">Apache RequestHeader</a></p></li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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<section id="enable-limiter">
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<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id3" role="doc-backlink">Enable Limiter</a><a class="headerlink" href="#enable-limiter" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
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<p>To enable the limiter activate:</p>
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<div class="highlight-yaml notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nt">server</span><span class="p">:</span>
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<span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">...</span>
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<span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">limiter</span><span class="p p-Indicator">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">true</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># rate limit the number of request on the instance, block some bots</span>
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>and set the redis-url connection. Check the value, it depends on your redis DB
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(see <a class="reference internal" href="settings/settings_redis.html#settings-redis"><span class="std std-ref">redis:</span></a>), by example:</p>
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<div class="highlight-yaml notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nt">redis</span><span class="p">:</span>
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<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">url</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">unix:///usr/local/searxng-redis/run/redis.sock?db=0</span>
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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</section>
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<section id="configure-limiter">
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<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id4" role="doc-backlink">Configure Limiter</a><a class="headerlink" href="#configure-limiter" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
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<p>The methods of <a class="reference internal" href="../src/searx.botdetection.html#botdetection"><span class="std std-ref">Bot Detection</span></a> the limiter uses are configured in a local
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file <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/etc/searxng/limiter.toml</span></code>. The defaults are shown in <a class="reference internal" href="#limiter-toml">limiter.toml</a> /
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Don’t copy all values to your local configuration, just enable what you need by
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overwriting the defaults. For instance to activate the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">link_token</span></code> method in
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the <a class="reference internal" href="../src/searx.botdetection.html#botdetection-ip-limit"><span class="std std-ref">Method ip_limit</span></a> you only need to set this option to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">true</span></code>:</p>
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<div class="highlight-toml notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">[botdetection.ip_limit]</span>
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<span class="n">link_token</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">true</span>
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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</section>
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<section id="limiter-toml">
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<span id="id2"></span><h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id5" role="doc-backlink"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">limiter.toml</span></code></a><a class="headerlink" href="#limiter-toml" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
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<p>In this file the limiter finds the configuration of the <a class="reference internal" href="../src/searx.botdetection.html#botdetection"><span class="std std-ref">Bot Detection</span></a>:</p>
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<ul class="simple">
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<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../src/searx.botdetection.html#botdetection-ip-lists"><span class="std std-ref">IP lists</span></a></p></li>
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<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../src/searx.botdetection.html#botdetection-rate-limit"><span class="std std-ref">Rate limit</span></a></p></li>
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<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../src/searx.botdetection.html#botdetection-probe-headers"><span class="std std-ref">Probe HTTP headers</span></a></p></li>
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</ul>
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<div class="code toml highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">real_ip</span><span class="p">]</span>
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<span class="c1"># Number of values to trust for X-Forwarded-For.</span>
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<span class="n">x_for</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
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<span class="c1"># The prefix defines the number of leading bits in an address that are compared</span>
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<span class="c1"># to determine whether or not an address is part of a (client) network.</span>
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<span class="n">ipv4_prefix</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">32</span>
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<span class="n">ipv6_prefix</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">48</span>
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<span class="p">[</span><span class="n">botdetection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ip_limit</span><span class="p">]</span>
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<span class="c1"># To get unlimited access in a local network, by default link-lokal addresses</span>
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<span class="c1"># (networks) are not monitored by the ip_limit</span>
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<span class="n">filter_link_local</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">false</span>
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<span class="c1"># activate link_token method in the ip_limit method</span>
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<span class="n">link_token</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">false</span>
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<span class="p">[</span><span class="n">botdetection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ip_lists</span><span class="p">]</span>
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<span class="c1"># In the limiter, the ip_lists method has priority over all other methods -> if</span>
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<span class="c1"># an IP is in the pass_ip list, it has unrestricted access and it is also not</span>
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<span class="c1"># checked if e.g. the "user agent" suggests a bot (e.g. curl).</span>
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<span class="n">block_ip</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span>
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<span class="c1"># '93.184.216.34', # IPv4 of example.org</span>
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<span class="c1"># '257.1.1.1', # invalid IP --> will be ignored, logged in ERROR class</span>
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<span class="p">]</span>
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<span class="n">pass_ip</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span>
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<span class="c1"># '192.168.0.0/16', # IPv4 private network</span>
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<span class="c1"># 'fe80::/10' # IPv6 linklocal / wins over botdetection.ip_limit.filter_link_local</span>
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<span class="p">]</span>
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<span class="c1"># Activate passlist of (hardcoded) IPs from the SearXNG organization,</span>
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<span class="c1"># e.g. `check.searx.space`.</span>
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<span class="n">pass_searxng_org</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">true</span>
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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</section>
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<section id="implementation">
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<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id6" role="doc-backlink">Implementation</a><a class="headerlink" href="#implementation" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
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</section>
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<dl class="py function">
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<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="searx.limiter.initialize">
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<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">searx.limiter.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">initialize</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">app</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://flask.palletsprojects.com/en/stable/api/#flask.Flask" title="(in Flask v3.1.x)"><span class="pre">Flask</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">settings</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="../_modules/searx/limiter.html#initialize"><span class="viewcode-link"><span class="pre">[source]</span></span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#searx.limiter.initialize" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>Install the limiter</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="py function">
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<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="searx.limiter.is_installed">
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<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">searx.limiter.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">is_installed</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="../_modules/searx/limiter.html#is_installed"><span class="viewcode-link"><span class="pre">[source]</span></span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#searx.limiter.is_installed" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>Returns <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code> if limiter is active and a redis DB is available.</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="py function">
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<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="searx.limiter.pre_request">
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<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">searx.limiter.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">pre_request</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="../_modules/searx/limiter.html#pre_request"><span class="viewcode-link"><span class="pre">[source]</span></span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#searx.limiter.pre_request" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>See <a class="reference external" href="https://flask.palletsprojects.com/en/stable/api/#flask.Flask.before_request" title="(in Flask v3.1.x)"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">flask.Flask.before_request</span></code></a></p>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="py data">
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<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="searx.limiter.LIMITER_CFG_SCHEMA">
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<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">searx.limiter.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">LIMITER_CFG_SCHEMA</span></span><em class="property"><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">PosixPath('/home/runner/work/searxng/searxng/searx/limiter.toml')</span></em><a class="headerlink" href="#searx.limiter.LIMITER_CFG_SCHEMA" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>Base configuration (schema) of the botdetection.</p>
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</dd></dl>
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</section>
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<div class="clearer"></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<span id="sidebar-top"></span>
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<div class="sphinxsidebar" role="navigation" aria-label="Main">
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<div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper">
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<p class="logo"><a href="../index.html">
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<img class="logo" src="../_static/searxng-wordmark.svg" alt="Logo of SearXNG"/>
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</a></p>
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<h3><a href="../index.html">Table of Contents</a></h3>
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<ul class="current">
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../user/index.html">User information</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../own-instance.html">Why use a private instance?</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="reference internal" href="index.html">Administrator documentation</a><ul class="current">
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="settings/index.html">Settings</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="installation.html">Installation</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="installation-docker.html">Docker Container</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="installation-scripts.html">Installation Script</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="installation-searxng.html">Step by step installation</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="installation-uwsgi.html">uWSGI</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="installation-nginx.html">NGINX</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="installation-apache.html">Apache</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="update-searxng.html">SearXNG maintenance</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="answer-captcha.html">Answer CAPTCHA from server’s IP</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="searx.favicons.html">Favicons</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">Limiter</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#enable-limiter">Enable Limiter</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#configure-limiter">Configure Limiter</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#limiter-toml"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">limiter.toml</span></code></a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#implementation">Implementation</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#searx.limiter.initialize"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">initialize()</span></code></a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#searx.limiter.is_installed"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">is_installed()</span></code></a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#searx.limiter.pre_request"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pre_request()</span></code></a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#searx.limiter.LIMITER_CFG_SCHEMA"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LIMITER_CFG_SCHEMA</span></code></a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="api.html">Administration API</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="architecture.html">Architecture</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="plugins.html">Plugins builtin</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="buildhosts.html">Buildhosts</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../dev/index.html">Developer documentation</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../utils/index.html">DevOps tooling box</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../src/index.html">Source-Code</a></li>
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</ul>
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<h3>Project Links</h3>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="https://github.com/searxng/searxng/tree/master">Source</a>
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<li><a href="https://github.com/searxng/searxng/wiki">Wiki</a>
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<li><a href="https://searx.space">Public instances</a>
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<li><a href="https://github.com/searxng/searxng/issues">Issue Tracker</a>
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</ul><h3>Navigation</h3>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="../index.html">Overview</a>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="index.html">Administrator documentation</a>
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<ul>
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<li>Previous: <a href="searx.favicons.html" title="previous chapter">Favicons</a>
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<li>Next: <a href="api.html" title="next chapter">Administration API</a></ul>
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</ul>
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<search id="searchbox" style="display: none" role="search">
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<h3 id="searchlabel">Quick search</h3>
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<div class="searchformwrapper">
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<form class="search" action="../search.html" method="get">
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<input type="text" name="q" aria-labelledby="searchlabel" autocomplete="off" autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false"/>
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<input type="submit" value="Go" />
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</search>
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<script>document.getElementById('searchbox').style.display = "block"</script>
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<div role="note" aria-label="source link">
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<h3>This Page</h3>
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<ul class="this-page-menu">
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<li><a href="../_sources/admin/searx.limiter.rst.txt"
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rel="nofollow">Show Source</a></li>
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