[mod] py: format

Bumps [black](https://github.com/psf/black) from 25.9.0 to 26.5.1.
- [Release notes](https://github.com/psf/black/releases)
- [Changelog](https://github.com/psf/black/blob/main/CHANGES.md)
- [Commits](https://github.com/psf/black/compare/25.9.0...26.5.1)

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: black
  dependency-version: 26.5.1
  dependency-type: direct:development
  update-type: version-update:semver-major
...

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>

.github/workflows/container.yml

@@ -105,8 +105,9 @@ jobs:
             arch: amd64
           - runner: ubuntu-26.04-arm
             arch: arm64
-          - runner: ubuntu-26.04-arm
-            arch: armv7
+            #  FIXME: https://github.com/searxng/searxng/pull/6655#issuecomment-5550293085
+            # - runner: ubuntu-26.04-arm
+            #   arch: armv7
 
     steps:
       - name: Login to GHCR

client/simple/package.json

@@ -29,14 +29,14 @@
     "swiped-events": "1.2.0"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
-    "@biomejs/biome": "2.5.10",
-    "@types/node": "^26.3.0",
+    "@biomejs/biome": "2.5.12",
+    "@types/node": "^26.5.0",
     "browserslist": "^4.28.8",
     "browserslist-to-esbuild": "^2.1.1",
     "edge.js": "^6.5.1",
     "less": "^4.9.0",
     "mathjs": "^15.2.0",
-    "sharp": "~0.35.3",
+    "sharp": "~0.35.4",
     "sort-package-json": "^4.0.0",
     "stylelint": "^17.14.1",
     "stylelint-config-standard-less": "^4.1.0",

docs/dev/engines/online/cara.rst

@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-.. _cara engine:
-
-===========
-Cara Images
-===========
-
-.. automodule:: searx.engines.cara
-   :members:

docs/dev/engines/online/europepmc.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+.. _europepmc engine:
+
+==========
+Europe PMC
+==========
+
+.. automodule:: searx.engines.europepmc
+   :members:

requirements-dev.txt

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 mock==5.2.0
 nose2[coverage_plugin]==0.16.0
 cov-core==1.15.0
-black==25.9.0
-pylint==4.0.7
+black==26.5.1
+pylint==4.0.8
 splinter==0.21.0
-selenium==4.47.0
+selenium==4.48.0
 Sphinx==8.2.3;python_version <= "3.11"
 Sphinx==9.1.0; python_version > "3.11"
 sphinx-issues==6.0.0

requirements.txt

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ curl_cffi==0.16.1
 valkey==6.1.1
 markdown-it-py==4.2.0
 msgspec==0.21.1
-typer==0.27.1
+typer==0.27.2
 isodate==0.7.2
 whitenoise==6.12.0
 typing-extensions==4.16.0

searx/_settings.py

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
 """Implementation of the :py:obj:`preference <searx.preference>` settings."""
+
 # pylint: disable = too-few-public-methods
 
 import typing as t

searx/answerers/__init__.py

@@ -38,7 +38,6 @@ area:
 
 """
 
-
 __all__ = ["AnswererInfo", "Answerer", "AnswerStorage"]
 
 

searx/answerers/_core.py

@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ from dataclasses import dataclass
 from searx.utils import load_module
 from searx.result_types.answer import BaseAnswer
 
-
 _default = pathlib.Path(__file__).parent
 log: logging.Logger = logging.getLogger("searx.answerers")
 

searx/botdetection/__init__.py

@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ Implementations used for bot detection.
 
 """
 
-
 __all__ = ["init", "dump_request", "get_network", "too_many_requests", "ProxyFix"]
 
 

searx/botdetection/config.py

@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ class Config:
             if default is UNSET:
                 raise KeyError(name)
             return default
-        (modulename, name) = str(fqn).rsplit('.', 1)
+        modulename, name = str(fqn).rsplit('.', 1)
         m = __import__(modulename, {}, {}, [name], 0)
         return getattr(m, name)
 

searx/botdetection/http_accept.py

@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ Accept_ header ..
 
 """
 
-
 from ipaddress import (
     IPv4Network,
     IPv6Network,

searx/botdetection/http_accept_encoding.py

@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@ bot if the Accept-Encoding_ header ..
 
 """
 
-
 from ipaddress import (
     IPv4Network,
     IPv6Network,

searx/botdetection/http_accept_language.py

@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ if the Accept-Language_ header is unset.
 
 """
 
-
 from ipaddress import (
     IPv4Network,
     IPv6Network,

searx/botdetection/http_connection.py

@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ the Connection_ header is set to ``close``.
 
 """
 
-
 from ipaddress import (
     IPv4Network,
     IPv6Network,

searx/botdetection/http_sec_fetch.py

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ Metadata`_.  A request is filtered out in case of:
 
 
 """
+
 # pylint: disable=unused-argument
 
 

searx/botdetection/http_user_agent.py

@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ the User-Agent_ header is unset or matches the regular expression
 
 """
 
-
 import re
 from ipaddress import (
     IPv4Network,
@@ -25,7 +24,6 @@ import flask
 from . import config
 from ._helpers import too_many_requests
 
-
 USER_AGENT = (
     r'('
     + r'unknown'

searx/botdetection/ip_limit.py

@@ -55,7 +55,6 @@ from ._helpers import (
     logger,
 )
 
-
 logger = logger.getChild('ip_limit')
 
 BURST_WINDOW = 20

searx/botdetection/ip_lists.py

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ The ``ip_lists`` method implements :py:obj:`block-list <block_ip>` and
    ]
 
 """
+
 # pylint: disable=unused-argument
 
 

searx/botdetection/trusted_proxies.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
 """Implementation of a middleware to determine the real IP of an HTTP request
 (:py:obj:`flask.request.remote_addr`) behind a proxy chain."""
+
 # pylint: disable=too-many-branches
 
 

searx/botdetection/valkeydb.py

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
 """Providing a Valkey database for the botdetection methods."""
 
-
 import valkey
 
 __all__ = ["set_valkey_client", "get_valkey_client"]

searx/brand.py

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
 """Implementations needed for a branding of SearXNG."""
+
 # pylint: disable=too-few-public-methods
 
 # Struct fields aren't discovered in Python 3.14

searx/cache.py

@@ -465,7 +465,7 @@ class ExpireCacheSQLite(sqlitedb.SQLiteAppl, ExpireCache):
 
         # Check if value is expired. It's possible that it's expired but has not
         # yet been automatically deleted by the periodic maintenance
-        (value, expire) = row
+        value, expire = row
         now = time.time()
         if expire < now:
             # The record is deleted during the maintenance interval. Deleting

searx/compat.py

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 
 import warnings
 
-
 # limiter backward compatibility
 # ------------------------------
 

searx/data/__init__.py

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 make data.all
 
 """
+
 # pylint: disable=invalid-name
 
 __all__ = ["ahmia_blacklist_loader", "data_dir", "get_cache"]

searx/data/tracker_patterns.py

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
 """Simple implementation to store TrackerPatterns data in a SQL database."""
+
 # pylint: disable=too-many-branches
 
 import typing as t

searx/engines/adobe_stock.py

@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ Implementation
 ==============
 
 """
+
 import typing as t
 from datetime import datetime, timedelta
 from urllib.parse import urlencode

searx/engines/azure.py

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ To use this engine, add an entry similar to the following to your engine list in
     https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/entra/identity-platform/quickstart-register-app
 
 """
+
 import typing as t
 
 from searx.enginelib import EngineCache

searx/engines/base.py

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
 """BASE (Scholar publications)"""
+
 from datetime import datetime
 import re
 

searx/engines/bing.py

@@ -62,8 +62,8 @@ def get_locale_params(engine_region: str | None) -> dict[str, str] | None:
 
     The ``mkt`` parameter takes a full ``<language>-<country>`` code.
 
-    This function is shared with :py:mod:`searx.engines.bing_images`,
-    :py:mod:`searx.engines.bing_news`, and :py:mod:`searx.engines.bing_videos`.
+    This function is shared with :py:mod:`searx.engines.bing_news`, and
+    :py:mod:`searx.engines.bing_videos`.
     """
 
     if not engine_region or engine_region == "clear":
@@ -72,43 +72,21 @@ def get_locale_params(engine_region: str | None) -> dict[str, str] | None:
     return {"mkt": engine_region}
 
 
-def override_accept_language(params: "OnlineParams", engine_region: str | None) -> None:
-    """Override the ``Accept-Language`` header.
-
-    The default header built by :py:class:`~searx.search.processors.online.OnlineProcessor`
-    appends ``en;q=0.3`` as a fallback language::
-
-        Accept-Language: de,de-DE;q=0.7,en;q=0.3
-
-    Bing seems to better select the results locale based on the
-    ``Accept-Language`` value header.
-
-    This function is shared with :py:mod:`searx.engines.bing_images`,
-    :py:mod:`searx.engines.bing_news`, and :py:mod:`searx.engines.bing_videos`.
-    """
-
-    if not engine_region or engine_region == "clear":
-        return
-
-    lang = engine_region.split("-")[0]
-    params["headers"]["Accept-Language"] = f"{engine_region},{lang};q=0.9"
-
-
 def request(query: str, params: "OnlineParams"):
     """Assemble a Bing-Web request."""
 
     engine_region = traits.get_region(params["searxng_locale"], traits.all_locale)
 
-    override_accept_language(params, engine_region)
-
     query_params: dict[str, str | int] = {
         "q": query,
         "adlt": _safesearch_map.get(params.get("safesearch", 0), "off"),
     }
 
-    locale_params = get_locale_params(engine_region)
-    if locale_params:
-        query_params.update(locale_params)
+    if engine_region and engine_region != "clear":
+        lang, _, cc = engine_region.partition("-")
+        query_params["setlang"] = lang
+        if cc and cc not in ("us", "cn", "ru"):  # bing just sends junk for these
+            query_params["cc"] = cc
 
     params["url"] = f"{base_url}/search?{urlencode(query_params)}"
 

searx/engines/bing_images.py

@@ -1,18 +1,20 @@
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
 """Bing-Images: description see :py:obj:`searx.engines.bing`."""
 
+import typing as t
 import json
 from urllib.parse import urlencode
 
 from lxml import html
 
-from searx.engines.bing import (  # pylint: disable=unused-import
-    fetch_traits,
-    get_locale_params,
-    override_accept_language,
-)
+from searx.engines.bing import fetch_traits  # pylint: disable=unused-import
+from searx.result_types import EngineResults
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from searx.extended_types import SXNG_Response
+    from searx.search.processors import OnlineParams
+
 
-# about
 about = {
     "website": "https://www.bing.com/images",
     "wikidata_id": "Q182496",
@@ -22,7 +24,6 @@ about = {
     "results": "HTML",
 }
 
-# engine dependent config
 categories = ["images", "web"]
 paging = True
 enable_http3 = True
@@ -39,26 +40,27 @@ base_url = "https://www.bing.com"
 """Bing-Image search URL"""
 
 
-def request(query, params):
+def request(query: str, params: "OnlineParams"):
     """Assemble a Bing-Image request."""
 
     engine_region = traits.get_region(params["searxng_locale"], traits.all_locale)
 
-    override_accept_language(params, engine_region)
+    # build URL query / example:
+    # https://www.bing.com/images/async?q=foo&mmasync=1&first=1&count=35
 
-    # build URL query
-    # - example: https://www.bing.com/images/async?q=foo&async=1&first=1&count=35
     query_params = {
         "q": query,
-        "async": "1",
+        "mmasync": "1",
         # to simplify the page count lets use the default of 35 images per page
         "first": (int(params.get("pageno", 1)) - 1) * 35 + 1,
         "count": 35,
     }
 
-    locale_params = get_locale_params(engine_region)
-    if locale_params:
-        query_params.update(locale_params)
+    if engine_region and engine_region != "clear":
+        lang, _, cc = engine_region.partition("-")
+        query_params["setlang"] = lang
+        if cc:
+            query_params["cc"] = cc
 
     # time range
     # - example: one year (525600 minutes) 'qft=filterui:age-lt525600'
@@ -68,10 +70,10 @@ def request(query, params):
     params["url"] = base_url + "/images/async?" + urlencode(query_params)
 
 
-def response(resp):
+def response(resp: "SXNG_Response") -> EngineResults:
     """Get response from Bing-Image"""
 
-    results = []
+    res = EngineResults()
 
     dom = html.fromstring(resp.text)
 
@@ -82,19 +84,22 @@ def response(resp):
 
         metadata = json.loads(result.xpath('.//a[@class="iusc"]/@m')[0])
         title = " ".join(result.xpath('.//div[@class="infnmpt"]//a/text()')).strip()
+        if not title:
+            title = result.xpath('.//div[@class="infnmpt"]//a/@title')[0]
+
         img_format = " ".join(result.xpath('.//div[@class="imgpt"]/div/span/text()')).strip().split(" · ")
         source = " ".join(result.xpath('.//div[@class="imgpt"]//div[@class="lnkw"]//a/text()')).strip()
-        results.append(
-            {
-                "template": "images.html",
-                "url": metadata["purl"],
-                "thumbnail_src": metadata["turl"],
-                "img_src": metadata["murl"],
-                "content": metadata.get("desc"),
-                "title": title,
-                "source": source,
-                "resolution": img_format[0],
-                "img_format": img_format[1] if len(img_format) >= 2 else None,
-            }
+
+        res.add(
+            res.types.Image(
+                title=title,
+                url=metadata["purl"],
+                thumbnail_src=metadata["turl"],
+                img_src=metadata["murl"],
+                content=metadata.get("desc"),
+                source=source,
+                resolution=img_format[0],
+                img_format=img_format[1] if len(img_format) >= 2 else "",
             )
-    return results
+        )
+    return res

searx/engines/bing_news.py

@@ -12,10 +12,7 @@ from urllib.parse import urlencode
 from lxml import html
 
 from searx.enginelib.traits import EngineTraits
-from searx.engines.bing import (
-    get_locale_params,
-    override_accept_language,
-)
+from searx.engines.bing import get_locale_params
 from searx.utils import eval_xpath, eval_xpath_getindex, eval_xpath_list, extract_text
 
 # about
@@ -54,8 +51,6 @@ def request(query, params):
 
     engine_region = traits.get_region(params["searxng_locale"], traits.all_locale)
 
-    override_accept_language(params, engine_region)
-
     # build URL query
     # - example: https://www.bing.com/news/infinitescrollajax?q=london&first=1
     page = int(params.get("pageno", 1)) - 1

searx/engines/bing_videos.py

@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ from lxml import html
 from searx.engines.bing import (  # pylint: disable=unused-import
     fetch_traits,
     get_locale_params,
-    override_accept_language,
 )
 from searx.engines.bing_images import time_map
 from searx.utils import eval_xpath, eval_xpath_getindex
@@ -39,8 +38,6 @@ def request(query, params):
 
     engine_region = traits.get_region(params["searxng_locale"], traits.all_locale)
 
-    override_accept_language(params, engine_region)
-
     # build URL query
     # - example: https://www.bing.com/videos/asyncv2?q=foo&async=content&first=1&count=35
     query_params = {

searx/engines/brave.py

@@ -248,13 +248,13 @@ def extract_json_data(text: str) -> dict[str, t.Any]:
     #    node_ids: [0, 19],
     #    data: [{type:"data",data: .... ["q","goggles_id"],route:1,url:1}}]
     #          ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-    text = text[text.index("<script") : text.index("</script")]
-    if not text:
-        raise ValueError("can't find JS/JSON data in the given text")
+    #    form: null,
+    #    error: null
+    # });
     start = text.index("data: [{")
-    end = text.rindex("}}]")
-    js_obj_str = text[start:end]
-    js_obj_str = "{" + js_obj_str + "}}]}"
+    newline = text.index("\n", start)
+    end = text.rindex("}}]", start, newline)
+    js_obj_str = "{" + text[start:end] + "}}]}"
     # js_obj_str = js_obj_str.replace("\xa0", "")  # remove ASCII for &nbsp;
     # js_obj_str = js_obj_str.replace(r"\u003C", "<").replace(r"\u003c", "<")  # fix broken HTML tags in strings
     json_str = js_obj_str_to_json_str(js_obj_str)
@@ -354,14 +354,14 @@ def _parse_news(resp: SXNG_Response) -> EngineResults:
     res = EngineResults()
     dom = html.fromstring(resp.text)
 
-    for result in eval_xpath_list(dom, "//div[contains(@class, 'results')]//div[@data-type='news']"):
-        url = eval_xpath_getindex(result, ".//a[contains(@class, 'result-header')]/@href", 0, default=None)
+    for result in eval_xpath_list(dom, "//div[@data-type='news']"):
+        url = eval_xpath_getindex(result, ".//a/@href", 0, default=None)
         if url is None:
             continue
 
-        title = eval_xpath_list(result, ".//span[contains(@class, 'snippet-title')]")
-        content = eval_xpath_list(result, ".//p[contains(@class, 'desc')]")
-        thumbnail = eval_xpath_getindex(result, ".//div[contains(@class, 'image-wrapper')]//img/@src", 0, default="")
+        title = eval_xpath_list(result, ".//div[contains(@class, 'title')]")
+        content = eval_xpath_list(result, ".//div[contains(@class, 'description')]")
+        thumbnail = eval_xpath_getindex(result, ".//a[contains(@class, 'thumbnail')]//img/@src", 0, default="")
 
         item = res.types.LegacyResult(
             template="default.html",

searx/engines/braveapi.py

@@ -91,6 +91,7 @@ def request(query: str, params: "OnlineParams") -> None:
 
     params["url"] = f"{base_url}?{urlencode(search_args)}"
     params["headers"]["X-Subscription-Token"] = api_key
+    params["headers"]["Accept"] = "application/json"
 
 
 def _extract_published_date(published_date_raw: str):

searx/engines/cara.py

@@ -1,85 +0,0 @@
-# SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
-# pylint: disable=invalid-name
-"""Cara_ is a social media and portfolio-sharing platform for artists and art
-enthusiasts.
-
-With the widespread use of generative AI, Cara_ decided to build a place that
-filters out gen AI images so that people searching for authentic creatives and
-images can do so easily.
-
-.. _Cara: https://cara.app/about
-"""
-
-from urllib.parse import urlencode
-
-import typing as t
-
-from searx.result_types import EngineResults
-
-if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
-    from searx.extended_types import SXNG_Response
-    from searx.search.processors import OnlineParams
-
-
-about = {
-    "website": "https://cara.app",
-    "official_api_documentation": None,
-    "use_official_api": False,
-    "require_api_key": False,
-    "results": "JSON",
-}
-
-base_url = "https://cara.app"
-images_url = "https://images.cara.app"
-
-categories = ["images"]
-paging = True
-results_per_page = 24
-
-# if using HTTP2, we get blocked immediately
-enable_http2 = False
-
-
-def request(query: str, params: "OnlineParams") -> None:
-    args = {
-        "q": query,
-        "sortBy": "Top",
-        "take": results_per_page,
-        "skip": (params["pageno"] - 1) * results_per_page,
-    }
-    params["url"] = f"{base_url}/api/search/portfolio-posts?{urlencode(args)}"
-
-
-def response(resp: "SXNG_Response"):
-    res = EngineResults()
-    json_data: list[dict[str, t.Any]] = resp.json()
-
-    for result in json_data:
-        thumbnail, img = None, None
-
-        i: dict[str, str]
-        for i in result["images"]:
-            if thumbnail is None or i["isCoverImg"]:
-                thumbnail = i
-
-            if img is None or not i["isCoverImg"]:
-                img = i
-
-        if not thumbnail or not img:
-            continue
-
-        res.add(
-            res.types.LegacyResult(
-                {
-                    "template": "images.html",
-                    "url": f"{base_url}/post/{result['id']}",
-                    "thumbnail_src": f"{images_url}/{thumbnail['src']}?height=256",
-                    "img_src": f"{images_url}/{img['src']}",
-                    "title": result["title"],
-                    "content": result["content"],
-                    "author": result["name"],
-                }
-            )
-        )
-
-    return res

searx/engines/chatnoir.py

@@ -84,6 +84,7 @@ def request(query: str, params: "OnlineParams"):
 
     params["url"] = f"{base_url}/api/v1/_search"
     params["method"] = "POST"
+    params["impersonate"] = "none"
 
     json_data = {
         "query": query,

searx/engines/command.py

@@ -84,7 +84,6 @@ from threading import Thread
 from searx import logger
 from searx.result_types import EngineResults
 
-
 engine_type = 'offline'
 paging = True
 command = []

searx/engines/core.py

@@ -141,12 +141,13 @@ def response(resp: "SXNG_Response") -> EngineResults:
             if name:
                 authors.add(name)
 
+        tag = result.get("fieldOfStudy")
         res.add(
             res.types.Paper(
                 title=result.get("title"),
                 url=url,
                 content=result.get("fullText", "") or "",
-                tags=result.get("fieldOfStudy", []),
+                tags=[tag] if tag else [],
                 publishedDate=published_date,
                 type=result.get("documentType", "") or "",
                 authors=authors,

searx/engines/docker_hub.py

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
 """Docker Hub (IT)"""
+
 # pylint: disable=use-dict-literal
 
 from urllib.parse import urlencode

searx/engines/dogpile.py

@@ -8,6 +8,9 @@ import typing as t
 from datetime import datetime, timezone
 import html
 
+from searx.enginelib import EngineCache
+from searx.exceptions import SearxEngineAPIException
+from searx.network import post
 from searx.utils import format_duration, html_to_text, humanize_number
 from searx.result_types import EngineResults
 
@@ -35,15 +38,35 @@ dogpile_categ = "search"
 base_url = "https://www.dogpile.com"
 safe_search_map = {0: "none", 1: "moderate", 2: "heavy"}
 
+CACHE: EngineCache
+"""Cache for the API token from dogpile"""
+
 
 def setup(_: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool | None:
     if dogpile_categ not in ("search", "images", "videos", "news"):
         raise ValueError("invalid search type: %s" % dogpile_categ)
+    global CACHE  # pylint: disable=global-statement
+    CACHE = EngineCache("dogpile")  # one token for images/videos/news
+    return True
+
+
+def _obtain_token() -> str:
+    token = CACHE.get("token")
+    if token:
+        return token
+    resp = post(f"{base_url}/api/token/refresh", headers={"Origin": base_url}, cookies={"dp_api_token": "1"})
+    if not resp.ok:
+        raise SearxEngineAPIException("failed to obtain dogpile token")
+    token = resp.json()["token"]
+    CACHE.set("token", token, expire=240)  # 300s ttl
+    return token
 
 
 def request(query: str, params: "OnlineParams"):
     params["url"] = f"{base_url}/api/{dogpile_categ}"
     params["headers"]["Origin"] = base_url
+    params["cookies"]["dp_api_token"] = "1"
+    params["headers"]["x-dogpile-token"] = _obtain_token()
 
     params["method"] = "POST"
     params["json"] = {"q": query, "qadf": safe_search_map[params["safesearch"]], "page": params["pageno"]}

searx/engines/duckduckgo.py

@@ -164,6 +164,7 @@ Terms / phrases that you keep coming across:
    https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Reference/Headers/Accept-Language
 
 """
+
 # pylint: disable=global-statement
 
 import json

searx/engines/duckduckgo_definitions.py

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ least we could not find out how language support should work.  It seems that
 most of the features are based on English terms.
 
 """
+
 import typing as t
 
 from urllib.parse import urlencode, urlparse, urljoin

searx/engines/duckduckgo_weather.py

@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@ from searx.result_types import EngineResults
 from searx.extended_types import SXNG_Response
 from searx import weather
 
-
 about = {
     "website": 'https://duckduckgo.com/',
     "wikidata_id": 'Q12805',

searx/engines/duckduckgo_web.py

@@ -14,11 +14,12 @@ can't build it ourselves and must scrape it from the HTML pages.
 """
 
 import typing as t
+import re
 
-from urllib.parse import quote_plus
+from urllib.parse import quote_plus, urljoin
 from lxml import html
 
-from searx.utils import html_to_text, gen_useragent, extract_text, eval_xpath
+from searx.utils import html_to_text, extract_text, eval_xpath
 from searx.result_types import EngineResults
 from searx.enginelib import EngineCache
 from searx.network import get
@@ -38,7 +39,6 @@ about = {
 # engine dependent config
 categories = ["general"]
 paging = True
-_HTTP_User_Agent: str = gen_useragent()
 
 base_url = "https://duckduckgo.com"
 
@@ -73,6 +73,8 @@ def _fetch_first_page_link(
     resp = get(
         url=f"{base_url}/?q={quote_plus(query)}&t=h_&ia=web",
         headers=headers,
+        impersonate="firefox",
+        default_headers=False,
         timeout=2,
     )
 
@@ -96,6 +98,43 @@ def _cache_key(query: str, pageno: int) -> str:
     return f"nextpage_url|{query}|{pageno}"
 
 
+def _solve_jsa(resp: "SXNG_Response") -> "SXNG_Response":
+    """Duckduckgo sometimes issues a challenge instead of json."""
+
+    # length that a real browser would report for where the broken snippet is
+    html_len = {
+        "<p><div></p><p></div": 32,
+        "<li><div></li><li></div": 29,
+        "<div><div></div><div></div": 33,
+        "<br><div></br><br></div": 23,
+    }
+
+    js = resp.text or ""
+    jsa_match = re.search(r"let jsa = (\d+);.*?DDG\.deep\.initialize\('([^']+)'", js, re.S)
+    if not jsa_match:
+        return resp
+
+    js_functions = dict(re.findall(r"let (\w+) = function\(num\) \{([^}]*)\};", js))
+    jsa = int(jsa_match.group(1))
+    try:
+        for name in re.findall(r"jsa = (\w+)\(jsa\);", js):
+            body = js_functions[name]
+            mul = re.search(r"num \* (\d+)", body)
+            jsa = jsa * int(mul.group(1)) if mul else jsa + html_len[re.search(r"`([^`]+)`", body).group(1)]
+    except (KeyError, AttributeError):
+        return resp
+
+    params = resp.search_params
+    follow = get(
+        urljoin("https://links.duckduckgo.com", jsa_match.group(2) + str(jsa)),
+        headers=params["headers"],
+        impersonate="firefox",
+        default_headers=False,
+    )
+    follow.search_params = params
+    return follow
+
+
 def request(query: str, params: "OnlineParams") -> None:
 
     if len(query) >= 500:
@@ -103,25 +142,15 @@ def request(query: str, params: "OnlineParams") -> None:
         params["url"] = None
         return
 
-    headers = params["headers"]
-
-    # The vqd value is generated from the query and the UA header.  To be able
-    # to reuse the vqd value, the UA header must be static.
-    headers["User-Agent"] = _HTTP_User_Agent
-    headers["Accept"] = "*/*"
-    headers["Referer"] = f"{base_url}/"
-    headers["Host"] = "duckduckgo.com"
-
-    # Sec-Fetch headers are required to not get blocked when sending a Firefox user agent
-    headers["Sec-Fetch-Dest"] = "script"
-    headers["Sec-Fetch-Mode"] = "no-cors"
-    headers["Sec-Fetch-Site"] = "same-site"
+    # firefox TLS only
+    params["impersonate"] = "firefox"
+    params["default_headers"] = False
 
     api_url = ""
     if params["pageno"] > 1:
         api_url = CACHE.get(_cache_key(query, params["pageno"]))
     else:
-        api_url = _fetch_first_page_link(query, headers)
+        api_url = _fetch_first_page_link(query, params["headers"])
 
     if not api_url:
         params["url"] = None
@@ -129,14 +158,27 @@ def request(query: str, params: "OnlineParams") -> None:
 
     params["url"] = api_url.replace("/d.js?", "/d.js?o=json&")
 
+    # loads as a script
+    headers = params["headers"]
+    headers["Accept"] = "*/*"
+    headers["Sec-Fetch-Dest"] = "script"
+    headers["Sec-Fetch-Mode"] = "no-cors"
+    headers["Sec-Fetch-Site"] = "same-site"
+    headers["Referer"] = f"{base_url}/"
+
     # TODO: support safesearch, timerange and engine traits  # pylint:disable=fixme
 
 
 def response(resp: "SXNG_Response"):
     res = EngineResults()
-    res_json = resp.json()
 
-    for result in res_json["results"]:
+    # check if ddg returns a challenge
+    # e.g. 'site:github.com searxng'
+    if "let jsa =" in (resp.text or ""):
+        resp = _solve_jsa(resp)
+
+    results = resp.json()["results"]
+    for result in results:
         if "u" not in result:
             continue
 
@@ -144,8 +186,8 @@ def response(resp: "SXNG_Response"):
             res.types.MainResult(url=result["u"], title=html_to_text(result["t"]), content=html_to_text(result["a"]))
         )
 
-    # link to next page
-    next_page_path = res_json["results"][-1].get("n")
+    if results:
+        next_page_path = results[-1].get("n")
         if next_page_path:
             CACHE.set(
                 _cache_key(resp.search_params["query"], resp.search_params["pageno"] + 1),

searx/engines/dummy-offline.py

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 # pylint: disable=invalid-name
 """Dummy Offline"""
 
-
 # about
 about = {
     "wikidata_id": None,

searx/engines/europepmc.py

@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
+"""`Europe PMC`_ provides comprehensive access to life sciences literature from
+trusted sources.  With Europe PMC you can search and read millions of
+publications, preprints and other documents enriched with links to supporting
+data, reviews, protocols, and other relevant resources.
+
+.. _Europe PMC: https://europepmc.org/
+
+Configuration
+=============
+
+.. code:: yaml
+
+   - name: europepmc
+     engine: europepmc
+     shortcut: epmc
+
+Implementations
+===============
+
+"""
+
+import typing as t
+
+from datetime import datetime
+from urllib.parse import urlencode
+
+from dateutil.parser import isoparse
+
+from searx.enginelib import EngineCache
+from searx.result_types import EngineResults
+from searx.utils import html_to_text
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from searx.extended_types import SXNG_Response
+    from searx.search.processors import OnlineParams
+
+
+about = {
+    "website": "https://europepmc.org/",
+    "wikidata_id": "Q5412157",
+    "official_api_documentation": "https://europepmc.org/RestfulWebService",
+    "use_official_api": True,
+    "require_api_key": False,
+    "results": "JSON",
+}
+
+categories = ["science", "scientific publications"]
+paging = True
+
+# engine dependent config
+search_url = "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/search"
+article_url = "https://europepmc.org/article/"
+
+page_size = 20
+
+CACHE: EngineCache
+"""Cache for storing the pagination cursor."""
+
+
+def setup(engine_settings: dict[str, t.Any]):
+    global CACHE  # pylint: disable=global-statement
+    CACHE = EngineCache(engine_settings["name"])
+
+
+def _cache_key(query: str, page: int) -> str:
+    return f"{query}|{page}"
+
+
+def request(query: str, params: "OnlineParams") -> None:
+    args = {
+        "query": query,
+        "format": "json",
+        "resultType": "core",
+        "pageSize": page_size,
+    }
+
+    if params["pageno"] > 1:
+        if cursor := CACHE.get(_cache_key(query, params["pageno"])):
+            args["cursorMark"] = cursor
+        else:
+            # no cached cursor for that page
+            params["url"] = None
+            return
+
+    params["url"] = f"{search_url}?{urlencode(args)}"
+
+
+def response(resp: "SXNG_Response") -> EngineResults:
+    res = EngineResults()
+
+    json_resp = resp.json()
+
+    # store pagination cursor for loading next pages in cache
+    if next_cursor := json_resp.get("nextCursorMark"):
+        next_page = resp.search_params["pageno"] + 1
+        query = resp.search_params["query"]
+        CACHE.set(_cache_key(query, next_page), next_cursor)
+
+    all_results = json_resp.get("resultList", {}).get("result", [])
+
+    for item in all_results:
+        source = item.get("source", "")
+        identifier = item.get("id", "")
+        url = f"{article_url}{source}/{identifier}" if source and identifier else ""
+
+        journal_info: dict[str, t.Any] = item.get("journalInfo", {})
+        journal: dict[str, t.Any] = journal_info.get("journal", {})
+
+        res.add(
+            res.types.Paper(
+                url=url,
+                title=html_to_text(item.get("title", "")),
+                content=html_to_text(item.get("abstractText", "")),
+                journal=journal.get("title", ""),
+                issn=[journal.get("issn", "")],
+                authors=_get_authors(item),
+                doi=item.get("doi", ""),
+                publishedDate=_get_published_date(item),
+                type=", ".join((item.get("pubTypeList", {})).get("pubType", [])),
+                pdf_url=_get_pdf_url(item),
+                html_url=url,
+            )
+        )
+
+    return res
+
+
+def _get_authors(item: dict[str, t.Any]) -> list:
+    """Extract the list of authors from the item."""
+    if authors := item.get("authorString", None):
+        authors = [author.strip().rstrip(".") for author in authors.split(",") if author.strip()]
+    else:
+        authors = []
+    return authors
+
+
+def _get_pdf_url(item: dict[str, t.Any]) -> str:
+    """Extract the PDF URL in case it is open access."""
+    for url_info in (item.get("fullTextUrlList", {})).get("fullTextUrl", []):
+        if url_info.get("documentStyle") == "pdf" and url_info.get("availabilityCode") == "OA":
+            return url_info.get("url", "")
+    return ""
+
+
+def _get_published_date(item: dict[str, t.Any]) -> datetime | None:
+    """Extract the published date from the item and convert it to a datetime object."""
+    if unformatted_date := item.get("firstPublicationDate"):
+        return isoparse(unformatted_date)
+    return None

searx/engines/github_code.py

@@ -65,7 +65,6 @@ code lines are just relabeled (starting from 1) and appended (a disjoint set of
 code blocks in a single file might be returned from the API).
 """
 
-
 import typing as t
 from urllib.parse import urlencode
 

searx/engines/hex.py

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 from urllib.parse import urlencode
 from dateutil import parser
 
-
 about = {
     # pylint: disable=line-too-long
     "website": "https://hex.pm/",

searx/engines/jisho.py

@@ -108,14 +108,12 @@ def get_infobox(alt_forms, result_url, definitions):
         infobox_content.append(f'<p><i>Other forms:</i> {", ".join(alt_forms[1:])}</p>')
 
     # definitions
-    infobox_content.append(
-        '''
+    infobox_content.append('''
         <small><a href="https://www.edrdg.org/wiki/index.php/JMdict-EDICT_Dictionary_Project">JMdict</a>
         and <a href="https://www.edrdg.org/enamdict/enamdict_doc.html">JMnedict</a>
         by <a href="https://www.edrdg.org/edrdg/licence.html">EDRDG</a>, CC BY-SA 3.0.</small>
         <ul>
-    '''
-    )
+    ''')
     for pos, engdef, extra in definitions:
         if pos == 'Wikipedia definition':
             infobox_content.append('</ul><small>Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 3.0.</small><ul>')

searx/engines/luxxle.py

@@ -37,17 +37,13 @@ about = {
 }
 
 categories = []
-safeseach = True
+safesearch = True
 
 base_url = "https://luxxle.com"
 
 luxxle_categ = "search"
 """Supported categories: "search", "news", "images", "videos"."""
 
-# otherwise all requests get blocked (http2-fingerprinted probably)
-enable_http2 = False
-
-
 safe_search_map = {0: "Off", 1: "Moderate", 2: "Strict"}
 
 

searx/engines/mongodb.py

@@ -49,7 +49,6 @@ except ImportError:
 
 from searx.result_types import EngineResults
 
-
 engine_type = 'offline'
 
 # mongodb connection variables

searx/engines/neosearch.py

@@ -6,10 +6,14 @@
 
 from json import loads
 import typing as t
-from urllib.parse import urlencode
 
+from lxml import html
+
+from searx.exceptions import SearxEngineAPIException
 from searx.extended_types import SXNG_Response
+from searx.network import get
 from searx.result_types import EngineResults
+from searx.utils import eval_xpath, extract_text
 
 if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
     from searx.enginelib.traits import EngineTraits
@@ -25,18 +29,33 @@ about = {
     "results": "JSON",
 }
 
+paging = False
+enable_http3 = True
+
 base_url = "https://neosearch.org"
 categories = ["general"]
 
-paging = False
+
+def _obtain_xsrf_token() -> str:
+    resp = get(base_url)
+    doc = html.fromstring(resp.text)
+
+    xsrf_token = extract_text(eval_xpath(doc, "//meta[@name='xsrf-token']/@content"))
+    if not xsrf_token:
+        raise SearxEngineAPIException("failed to obtain xsrf token")
+    return xsrf_token
 
 
 def request(query: str, params: "OnlineParams"):
+    params["url"] = f"{base_url}/search"
+    params["headers"]["X-XSRF-TOKEN"] = _obtain_xsrf_token()
+    params["method"] = "POST"
+
     args = {"q": query, "generate": "auto"}
     countrycode = params["searxng_locale"].split("-")[-1].upper()
     if countrycode in traits.custom["countrycodes"]:
         args["loc"] = countrycode
-    params["url"] = f"{base_url}/search?{urlencode(args)}"
+    params["json"] = args
 
 
 def response(resp: "SXNG_Response") -> EngineResults:
@@ -67,7 +86,6 @@ def response(resp: "SXNG_Response") -> EngineResults:
 
 def fetch_traits(engine_traits: "EngineTraits") -> None:
     # pylint: disable=import-outside-toplevel
-    from searx.network import get
     from searx.utils import extr, js_obj_str_to_python
     from babel.core import get_global
 

searx/engines/npm.py

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 from urllib.parse import urlencode
 from dateutil import parser
 
-
 about = {
     "website": "https://npms.io/",
     "wikidata_id": "Q7067518",

searx/engines/open_meteo.py

@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ from datetime import datetime
 from searx.result_types import EngineResults, WeatherAnswer
 from searx import weather
 
-
 about = {
     "website": "https://open-meteo.com",
     "wikidata_id": None,

searx/engines/openverse.py

@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ Openverse (formerly known as: Creative Commons search engine) [Images]
 from json import loads
 from urllib.parse import urlencode
 
-
 about = {
     "website": 'https://openverse.org/',
     "wikidata_id": None,

searx/engines/pexels.py

@@ -8,12 +8,11 @@ from urllib.parse import urlencode
 from lxml import html
 
 from searx.result_types import EngineResults
-from searx.utils import eval_xpath_list, gen_useragent
+from searx.utils import eval_xpath_list
 from searx.enginelib import EngineCache
 from searx.exceptions import SearxEngineAPIException, SearxEngineAccessDeniedException
 from searx.network import get
 
-
 # about
 about = {
     "website": 'https://www.pexels.com',
@@ -44,8 +43,6 @@ SECRET_KEY_DB_KEY = "secret-key"
 CACHE: EngineCache
 """Cache to store the secret API key for the engine."""
 
-enable_http2 = False
-
 
 def setup(engine_settings: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool:
     global CACHE  # pylint: disable=global-statement
@@ -56,13 +53,7 @@ def setup(engine_settings: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool:
 def _get_secret_key():
     resp = get(
         base_url,
-        headers={
-            # circumvents Cloudflare bot protections
-            "User-Agent": gen_useragent(),
-            "Referer": base_url,
-            "Sec-GPC": "1",
-            "Connection": "keep-alive",
-        },
+        headers={"Referer": base_url},
     )
 
     if resp.status_code != 200:
@@ -105,8 +96,6 @@ def request(query, params):
 
     params["headers"]["secret-key"] = secret_key
 
-    return params
-
 
 def response(resp):
     res = EngineResults()

searx/engines/pinterest.py

@@ -2,72 +2,85 @@
 """Pinterest (images)"""
 
 from json import dumps
+import typing as t
+from searx.result_types import EngineResults
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from searx.extended_types import SXNG_Response
+    from searx.search.processors import OnlineParams
 
 about = {
-    "website": 'https://www.pinterest.com/',
-    "wikidata_id": 'Q255381',
-    "official_api_documentation": 'https://developers.pinterest.com/docs/api/v5/',
+    "website": "https://www.pinterest.com/",
+    "wikidata_id": "Q255381",
+    "official_api_documentation": "https://developers.pinterest.com/docs/api/v5/",
     "use_official_api": False,
     "require_api_key": False,
-    "results": 'JSON',
+    "results": "JSON",
 }
 
-categories = ['images']
+categories = ["images"]
 paging = True
 
-base_url = 'https://www.pinterest.com'
+base_url = "https://www.pinterest.com"
 
 
-def request(query, params):
+def request(query: str, params: "OnlineParams") -> None:
+
     args = {
-        'options': {
-            'query': query,
-            'bookmarks': [params['engine_data'].get('bookmark', '')],
+        "options": {
+            "query": query,
+            "bookmarks": [params["engine_data"].get("bookmark", "")],
         },
-        'context': {},
+        "context": {},
     }
-    params['url'] = f"{base_url}/resource/BaseSearchResource/get/?data={dumps(args)}"
-    params['headers'] = {
-        'X-Pinterest-AppState': 'active',
-        'X-Pinterest-Source-Url': '/ideas/',
-        'X-Pinterest-PWS-Handler': 'www/ideas.js',
+    params["url"] = f"{base_url}/resource/BaseSearchResource/get/?data={dumps(args)}"
+    params["headers"] = {
+        "X-Requested-With": "XMLHttpRequest",
+        "X-Pinterest-AppState": "active",
+        "X-Pinterest-Source-Url": "/ideas/",
+        "X-Pinterest-PWS-Handler": "www/ideas.js",
     }
 
-    return params
 
+def response(resp: "SXNG_Response") -> EngineResults:
+    res = EngineResults()
+    json_resp: dict[str, t.Any] = resp.json()  # type: ignore
 
-def response(resp):
-    results = []
-
-    json_resp = resp.json()
-
-    results.append(
+    res.add(
         {
-            'engine_data': json_resp['resource_response']['bookmark'],
+            "engine_data": json_resp["resource_response"]["bookmark"],
             # it's called bookmark by pinterest, but it's rather a nextpage
             # parameter to get the next results
-            'key': 'bookmark',
+            "key": "bookmark",
         }
     )
 
-    for result in json_resp['resource_response']['data']['results']:
+    for result in json_resp["resource_response"]["data"]["results"]:
 
-        if result['type'] == 'story':
+        if result["type"] == "story":
             continue
 
-        main_image = result['images']['orig']
-        results.append(
-            {
-                'template': 'images.html',
-                'url': result.get('link') or f"{base_url}/pin/{result['id']}/",
-                'title': result.get('title') or result.get('grid_title'),
-                'content': (result.get('rich_summary') or {}).get('display_description') or "",
-                'img_src': main_image['url'],
-                'thumbnail_src': result['images']['236x']['url'],
-                'source': (result.get('rich_summary') or {}).get('site_name'),
-                'resolution': f"{main_image['width']}x{main_image['height']}",
-                'author': f"{result['pinner'].get('full_name')} ({result['pinner']['username']})",
-            }
+        main_image = result["images"]["orig"]
+
+        title = result.get("title") or result.get("grid_title") or ""
+        if len(title) < 5:
+            visual_annotation = result.get("pin_join", {}).get("visual_annotation")
+            if visual_annotation:
+                title = visual_annotation[0]
+            else:
+                title = result.get("name") or result.get("auto_alt_text") or ""
+
+        res.add(
+            res.types.Image(
+                url=result.get("link") or f"{base_url}/pin/{result['id']}/",
+                title=title,
+                content=(result.get("rich_summary") or {}).get("display_description") or "",
+                img_src=main_image["url"],
+                thumbnail_src=result["images"]["236x"]["url"],
+                source=(result.get("rich_summary") or {}).get("site_name") or "",
+                resolution=f"{main_image['width']}x{main_image['height']}",
+                author=f"{result['pinner'].get('full_name')} ({result['pinner']['username']})",
+            )
         )
 
-    return results
+    return res

searx/engines/piped.py

@@ -48,7 +48,6 @@ Implementations
 
 """
 
-
 import time
 import random
 from urllib.parse import urlencode

searx/engines/pixabay.py

@@ -27,9 +27,6 @@ time_range_support = True
 safesearch_map = {0: 'off', 1: '1', 2: '1'}
 time_range_map = {'day': '1d', 'week': '1w', 'month': '1m', 'year': '1y'}
 
-# using http2 returns forbidden errors
-enable_http2 = False
-
 
 def request(query, params):
     args = {
@@ -50,8 +47,6 @@ def request(query, params):
     # prevent automatic redirects to first page on pagination
     params['allow_redirects'] = False
 
-    return params
-
 
 def _image_result(result):
     return {

searx/engines/privacywall.py

@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ from searx.utils import eval_xpath_list, eval_xpath, extract_text, extr
 from searx.locales import region_tag
 from searx.result_types import EngineResults
 
-
 if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
     from lxml.etree import ElementBase
     from searx.extended_types import SXNG_Response

searx/engines/recoll.py

@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ Implementations
 ===============
 
 """
+
 import typing as t
 
 from datetime import date, timedelta

searx/engines/resulthunter.py

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ from urllib.parse import urlencode
 from lxml import html
 
 from searx import locales
+from searx.exceptions import SearxEngineResponseException
 from searx.result_types import EngineResults
 from searx.utils import eval_xpath_list, eval_xpath, extract_text
 
@@ -52,6 +53,7 @@ def request(query: str, params: "OnlineParams") -> None:
         "q": query,
         "search_type": resulthunter_categ,
         "offset": params["pageno"] - 1,
+        "search_source": "other",
     }
 
     # uses Brave's engine traits
@@ -111,6 +113,11 @@ def _image_results(doc: "ElementBase") -> EngineResults:
 def response(resp: "SXNG_Response") -> EngineResults:
     doc = html.fromstring(resp.text)
 
+    # if the request was wrong (e.g. missing params), the site doesn't contain a result container
+    # and instead shows an "Installation required" page to download the resulthunter browser extension
+    if not eval_xpath(doc, "//div[contains(@class, 'organic-results-container')]"):
+        raise SearxEngineResponseException()
+
     match resulthunter_categ:
         case "web":
             return _general_results(doc)

searx/engines/searchrockit.py

@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
+"""SearchRockit is an American search engine. It allegedly has its own index,
+but the results seem to come from Google."""
+
+import typing as t
+from urllib.parse import urlencode
+from lxml import html
+from dateutil import parser
+
+from searx.result_types import EngineResults
+from searx.utils import (
+    eval_xpath_list,
+    extract_text,
+    eval_xpath,
+)
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from searx.search.processors import OnlineParams
+    from searx.extended_types import SXNG_Response
+
+about = {
+    "website": "https://searchrockit.com",
+    "official_api_documentation": None,
+    "use_official_api": False,
+    "require_api_key": False,
+    "results": "HTML",
+}
+
+categories = ["general"]
+paging = True
+
+SearchrockitCateg = t.Literal["web", "images", "news"]
+searchrockit_categ: SearchrockitCateg = "web"
+
+base_url = "https://searchrockit.com"
+
+
+def setup(_):
+    if searchrockit_categ not in t.get_args(SearchrockitCateg):
+        raise ValueError("invalid search category: %s" % searchrockit_categ)
+
+
+def request(query: str, params: "OnlineParams") -> None:
+    args = {"q": query, "p": params["pageno"]}
+    params["url"] = f"{base_url}/results/{searchrockit_categ}?{urlencode(args)}"
+
+
+def response(resp: "SXNG_Response") -> EngineResults:
+    doc = html.fromstring(resp.text)
+    res = EngineResults()
+
+    match searchrockit_categ:
+        case "web" | "news":
+            for result in eval_xpath_list(
+                doc, "//div[contains(@class, 'results-list')]/div[contains(@class, 'result-item')]"
+            ):
+                publishedDate = None
+                try:
+                    d = extract_text(eval_xpath(result, ".//span[contains(@class, 'result-item--publishedAt')]")) or ""
+                    publishedDate = parser.parse(d)
+                except parser.ParserError:
+                    pass
+                res.add(
+                    res.types.MainResult(
+                        url=extract_text(eval_xpath(result, ".//a[contains(@class, 'result-item--title')]/@href")),
+                        title=extract_text(eval_xpath(result, ".//a[contains(@class, 'result-item--title')]")) or "",
+                        content=extract_text(eval_xpath(result, ".//a[contains(@class, 'result-item--desc')]")) or "",
+                        thumbnail=extract_text(
+                            eval_xpath(result, ".//a[contains(@class, 'result-item--thumb')]/img/@src")
+                        )
+                        or "",
+                        publishedDate=publishedDate,
+                    )
+                )
+        case "images":
+            for result in eval_xpath_list(
+                doc, "//div[contains(@class, 'image-grid')]/a[contains(@class, 'image-card')]"
+            ):
+                res.add(
+                    res.types.Image(
+                        url=extract_text(eval_xpath(result, "./@href")),
+                        title=extract_text(eval_xpath(result, "./div[contains(@class, 'image-title')]")) or "",
+                        thumbnail_src=extract_text(eval_xpath(result, "./img/@src")) or "",
+                        img_src=extract_text(eval_xpath(result, "./@data-full-url")) or "",
+                    )
+                )
+
+    return res

searx/engines/searchzee.py

@@ -4,13 +4,11 @@ independent search infrastructure."""
 
 import typing as t
 from urllib.parse import urlencode
+import uuid
 
-from searx.exceptions import SearxEngineAPIException
 from searx.extended_types import SXNG_Response
-from searx.network import get
 from searx.result_types import EngineResults
-from searx.utils import extr, html_to_text
-from searx.enginelib import EngineCache
+from searx.utils import html_to_text
 
 if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
     from searx.search.processors import OnlineParams
@@ -34,43 +32,19 @@ SearchzeeCategType = t.Literal["web", "news"]
 searchzee_categ: SearchzeeCategType = None  # type: ignore[reportAssignmentType]
 
 
-CACHE: EngineCache
-"""Cache for storing the scraped API Token."""
-
 base_url = "https://searchzee.com"
 
 # only supports for news
 time_range_map = {"day": "pd", "week": "pw", "month": "pm", "year": "py"}
 
 
-def setup(engine_settings: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool:
+def setup(_: dict[str, t.Any]):
     if searchzee_categ not in t.get_args(SearchzeeCategType):
         raise ValueError("invalid category: %s" % searchzee_categ)
 
-    global CACHE  # pylint: disable=global-statement
-    CACHE = EngineCache(engine_settings["name"])  # type: ignore[reportAny]
-    return True
-
-
-def _obtain_api_token() -> str:
-    token: str | None = CACHE.get("token")  # type: ignore[reportAny]
-    if token:
-        return token
-
-    token_resp = get(
-        f"{base_url}/app.js",
-    )
-    if not token_resp.ok:
-        raise SearxEngineAPIException("failed to obtain api key")
-
-    token = extr(token_resp.text, "const SEARCHZEE_API_TOKEN = \"", "\";")
-    CACHE.set("token", token, expire=3600)
-
-    return token
-
 
 def request(query: str, params: "OnlineParams"):
-    params["headers"]["X-SearchZee-Token"] = _obtain_api_token()
+    params["cookies"]["szs"] = str(uuid.uuid4())
 
     args = {"q": query, "type": searchzee_categ, "offset": params["pageno"] - 1}
     if params["time_range"]:

searx/engines/searx_engine.py

@@ -1,57 +0,0 @@
-# SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
-"""
-Searx (all)
-"""
-
-from json import loads
-from searx.engines import categories as searx_categories
-
-# about
-about = {
-    "website": 'https://github.com/searxng/searxng',
-    "wikidata_id": 'Q17639196',
-    "official_api_documentation": 'https://docs.searxng.org/dev/search_api.html',
-    "use_official_api": True,
-    "require_api_key": False,
-    "results": 'JSON',
-}
-
-categories = searx_categories.keys()
-
-# search-url
-instance_urls = []
-instance_index = 0
-
-
-# do search-request
-def request(query, params):
-    global instance_index  # pylint: disable=global-statement
-    params['url'] = instance_urls[instance_index % len(instance_urls)]
-    params['method'] = 'POST'
-
-    instance_index += 1
-
-    params['data'] = {
-        'q': query,
-        'pageno': params['pageno'],
-        'language': params['language'],
-        'time_range': params['time_range'],
-        'category': params['category'],
-        'format': 'json',
-    }
-
-    return params
-
-
-# get response from search-request
-def response(resp):
-
-    response_json = loads(resp.text)
-    results = response_json['results']
-
-    for i in ('answers', 'infoboxes'):
-        results.extend(response_json[i])
-
-    results.extend({'suggestion': s} for s in response_json['suggestions'])
-
-    return results

searx/engines/solr.py

@@ -34,7 +34,6 @@ from searx.exceptions import SearxEngineAPIException
 from searx.result_types import EngineResults
 from searx.extended_types import SXNG_Response
 
-
 base_url = 'http://localhost:8983'
 collection = ''
 rows = 10

searx/engines/soundcloud.py

@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ def response(resp):
 
 def setup(engine_settings: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool:
     global CACHE  # pylint: disable=global-statement
-    CACHE = EngineCache(engine_settings["name"])  # type:ignore
+    CACHE = EngineCache(engine_settings["name"])  # type: ignore
     return True
 
 

searx/engines/sqlite.py

@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ Implementations
 ===============
 
 """
+
 import typing as t
 import sqlite3
 import contextlib

searx/engines/startpage.py

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
-"""Startpage's language & region selectors are a mess ..
+"""Startpage requires solving an Anubis POW captcha (difficulty 4).
+Solving it requires a lot of CPU, so the engine is set inactive by default.
+
+Startpage's language & region selectors are a mess ..
 
 .. _startpage regions:
 
@@ -82,8 +85,10 @@ Startpage's category (for Web-search, News, Videos, ..) is set by
   Supported categories are ``web``, ``news`` and ``images``.
 
 """
+
 # pylint: disable=too-many-statements
 
+import hashlib
 import re
 import typing as t
 from collections import OrderedDict
@@ -99,7 +104,7 @@ from searx.enginelib import EngineCache
 from searx.enginelib.traits import EngineTraits
 from searx.exceptions import SearxEngineCaptchaException
 from searx.locales import region_tag
-from searx.network import get  # see https://github.com/searxng/searxng/issues/762
+from searx.network import get, post  # see https://github.com/searxng/searxng/issues/762
 from searx.utils import (
     eval_xpath,
     extr,
@@ -176,6 +181,45 @@ def setup(_: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool | None:
 sc_code_cache_sec = 3600
 """Time in seconds the sc-code is cached in memory :py:obj:`get_sc_code`."""
 
+# startpage's anubis difficulty is set to 4
+max_difficulty = 4
+
+
+def _solve_anubis(resp) -> str:
+    """Anubis POW solver"""
+    payload = loads(extr(resp.text, '<script id="anubis_challenge" type="application/json">', "</script>"))
+    challenge = payload["challenge"]
+    difficulty = int(payload["rules"]["difficulty"])
+    if difficulty > max_difficulty:
+        raise SearxEngineCaptchaException(message="startpage: Anubis difficulty too high")
+    prefix = "0" * difficulty
+    blob = challenge["randomData"].encode()
+    for nonce in range(16**difficulty * 8):  # max search is 8x average search, e^-8 = 0.034% will fail
+        digest = hashlib.sha256(blob + str(nonce).encode()).hexdigest()
+        if digest.startswith(prefix):
+            break
+    else:
+        raise SearxEngineCaptchaException(message="startpage: Anubis failed")
+
+    pass_resp = get(
+        f"{base_url}/.within.website/x/cmd/anubis/api/pass-challenge",
+        params={
+            "id": challenge["id"],
+            "response": digest,
+            "nonce": nonce,
+            "redir": str(resp.url),
+            "elapsedTime": "1",
+        },
+        cookies=resp.cookies,
+        allow_redirects=False,
+    )
+    auth = pass_resp.cookies.get("spchal-auth")
+    if not auth:
+        raise SearxEngineCaptchaException(message="startpage: Anubis pass-challenge failed")
+    auth = str(auth)
+    CACHE.set("SPCHAL_AUTH", auth, expire=240)
+    return auth
+
 
 def get_sc_code(params):
     """Get an actual ``sc`` argument from Startpage's search form (HTML page).
@@ -201,6 +245,9 @@ def get_sc_code(params):
     logger.debug("get_sc_code: request headers: %s", headers)
     resp = get(get_sc_url, headers=headers)
 
+    if 'id="anubis_challenge"' in resp.text:
+        resp = get(get_sc_url, headers=headers, cookies={"spchal-auth": _solve_anubis(resp)})
+
     # ?? x = network.get('https://www.startpage.com/sp/cdn/images/filter-chevron.svg', headers=headers)
     # ?? https://www.startpage.com/sp/cdn/images/filter-chevron.svg
     # ?? ping-back URL: https://www.startpage.com/sp/pb?sc=TLsB0oITjZ8F21
@@ -239,8 +286,8 @@ def request(query, params):
     Additionally the arguments form Startpage's search form needs to be set in
     HTML POST data / compare ``<input>`` elements: :py:obj:`search_form_xpath`.
     """
-    engine_region = traits.get_region(params["searxng_locale"], "en-US")
-    engine_language = traits.get_language(params["searxng_locale"], "en")
+    engine_region = traits.get_region(params["searxng_locale"], "en_US")
+    engine_language = traits.get_language(params["searxng_locale"], "english")
 
     params["headers"]["Origin"] = base_url
     params["headers"]["Referer"] = base_url + "/"
@@ -262,9 +309,9 @@ def request(query, params):
         args["language"] = engine_language
         args["lui"] = engine_language
 
+    args["segment"] = "startpage.udog"
     if params["pageno"] > 1:
         args["page"] = params["pageno"]
-        args["segment"] = "startpage.udog"
 
     # Build cookie
     lang_homepage = "en"
@@ -289,6 +336,8 @@ def request(query, params):
         cookie["search_results_region"] = engine_region
 
     params["cookies"]["preferences"] = "N1N".join(["%sEEE%s" % x for x in cookie.items()])
+    if auth := CACHE.get("SPCHAL_AUTH"):
+        params["cookies"]["spchal-auth"] = auth
     logger.debug("cookie preferences: %s", params["cookies"]["preferences"])
 
     logger.debug("data: %s", args)
@@ -400,6 +449,18 @@ def _get_image_result(result) -> dict[str, t.Any] | None:
 
 
 def response(resp):
+    if 'id="anubis_challenge"' in resp.text:
+        params = resp.search_params
+        params["cookies"]["spchal-auth"] = _solve_anubis(resp)
+        resp = post(
+            params["url"] or search_url,
+            data=params["data"],
+            headers=params["headers"],
+            cookies=params["cookies"],
+        )
+        if 'id="anubis_challenge"' in resp.text:
+            raise SearxEngineCaptchaException()
+
     categ = startpage_categ.capitalize()
     results_raw = "{" + extr(resp.text, f"React.createElement(UIStartpage.AppSerp{categ}, {{", "}})") + "}}"
 

searx/engines/stocksnap.py

@@ -21,8 +21,6 @@ about = {
     "require_api_key": False,
     "results": "JSON",
 }
-# otherwise all requests get blocked, probably HTTP2 fingerprinting
-enable_http2 = False
 
 base_url = "https://stocksnap.io"
 cdn_url = "https://cdn.stocksnap.io"

searx/engines/tubearchivist.py

@@ -74,7 +74,6 @@ Implementations
 ===============
 """
 
-
 import typing as t
 from urllib.parse import urlencode
 from dateutil.parser import parse

searx/engines/tusksearch.py

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ from dateutil import parser
 
 from searx.exceptions import SearxEngineAPIException
 from searx.network import get
-from searx.utils import gen_useragent, html_to_text
+from searx.utils import html_to_text
 from searx.result_types import EngineResults
 
 if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ def _obtain_x_sid() -> tuple[str, str]:
     The header key is usually called `x-sid-{UUIDv4}`, and the value is
     usually a plain UUIDv4 (but a different one than in the header key).
     """
-    resp = get(f"{api_url}/revcontent/embed.js", headers={"User-Agent": gen_useragent()})
+    resp = get(f"{api_url}/revcontent/embed.js", headers={"Referer": "https://tusksearch.com/"})
     if not resp.ok:
         raise SearxEngineAPIException("failed to obtain request x-sid token")
 
@@ -95,6 +95,7 @@ def request(query: str, params: "OnlineParams") -> None:
             # required - we send a random longitude and latitude instead of the actual user location
             "x-lon": str(round(random.random() * 90, 4)),
             "x-lat": str(round(random.random() * 90, 4)),
+            "Referer": "https://tusksearch.com/",
         }
     )
 

searx/engines/uxwing.py

@@ -17,12 +17,10 @@ about = {
 categories = ['images', 'icons']
 
 base_url = "https://uxwing.com"
-enable_http2 = False
 
 
 def request(query, params):
     params['url'] = f"{base_url}/?s={quote_plus(query)}"
-    return params
 
 
 def response(resp):

searx/engines/vuhuv.py

@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ from lxml import html
 from searx.result_types import EngineResults
 from searx.utils import eval_xpath_list, eval_xpath, extract_text
 
-
 if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
     from lxml.etree import ElementBase
     from searx.extended_types import SXNG_Response

searx/engines/wikidata.py

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 
 Some implementations are shared from :ref:`wikipedia engine`.
 """
+
 # pylint: disable=missing-class-docstring
 
 import typing as t

searx/engines/wolframalpha_noapi.py

@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ seconds."""
 
 def setup(engine_settings: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool | None:
     global CACHE  # pylint: disable=global-statement
-    CACHE = EngineCache(engine_settings["name"])  # type:ignore
+    CACHE = EngineCache(engine_settings["name"])  # type: ignore
 
 
 def obtain_token() -> str:

searx/engines/yacy.py

@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@ the engine).
 Implementations
 ===============
 """
+
 # pylint: disable=fixme
 
 import typing as t

searx/engines/yandex.py

@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ from lxml import html
 from searx.exceptions import SearxEngineCaptchaException
 from searx.utils import humanize_bytes, eval_xpath, eval_xpath_list, extract_text, extr
 
-
 # Engine metadata
 about = {
     "website": 'https://yandex.com/',

searx/engines/yep.py

@@ -30,8 +30,6 @@ web_base_url = "https://yep.com"
 safesearch = True
 safesearch_map = {0: "off", 1: "moderate", 2: "strict"}
 
-enable_http2 = False
-
 results_per_page = 20
 
 _IMPORT_RE = re.compile(r"import\"(.*?)\";")
@@ -50,9 +48,6 @@ def request(query: str, params: "OnlineParams") -> None:
         {
             "Referer": f"{web_base_url}/",
             "Origin": web_base_url,
-            "Sec-Fetch-Dest": "empty",
-            "Sec-Fetch-Mode": "cors",
-            "Sec-Fetch-Site": "same-site",
         }
     )
 

searx/extended_types.py

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
    :members:
 
 """
+
 # pylint: disable=invalid-name
 
 __all__ = ["SXNG_Request", "sxng_request", "SXNG_Response"]

searx/external_urls.py

@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ import math
 
 from searx.data import EXTERNAL_URLS
 
-
 IMDB_PREFIX_TO_URL_ID = {
     'tt': 'imdb_title',
     'mn': 'imdb_name',

searx/favicons/__init__.py

@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ an example in which the command line is called in the development environment::
   (py3) python -m searx.favicons --help
 """
 
-
 __all__ = ["init", "favicon_url", "favicon_proxy"]
 
 import pathlib

searx/favicons/proxy.py

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
 """Implementations for a favicon proxy"""
 
-
 from typing import Callable
 
 import importlib

searx/favicons/resolvers.py

@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ timeout``) and returns a tuple ``(data, mime)``.
 
 """
 
-
 __all__ = ["DEFAULT_RESOLVER_MAP", "allesedv", "duckduckgo", "google", "kagi", "yandex"]
 
 from typing import Callable

searx/infopage/__init__.py

@@ -36,7 +36,6 @@ from .. import get_setting
 from ..version import GIT_URL
 from ..locales import LOCALE_NAMES
 
-
 logger = logging.getLogger('searx.infopage')
 _INFO_FOLDER = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__))
 INFO_PAGES: 'InfoPageSet'

searx/locales.py

@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@ SearXNG’s locale implementations
 ================================
 """
 
-
 import typing as t
 from pathlib import Path
 

searx/metrics/error_recorder.py

@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ from searx.exceptions import (
 from searx import searx_parent_dir, settings
 from searx.engines import engines
 
-
 errors_per_engines: dict[str, t.Any] = {}
 
 LogParametersType = tuple[str, ...]

searx/metrics/models.py

@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ import threading
 
 from searx import logger
 
-
 __all__ = ["Histogram", "HistogramStorage", "CounterStorage"]
 
 logger = logger.getChild('searx.metrics')

searx/network/network.py

@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@ from searx.extended_types import SXNG_Response
 from .client import DEFAULT_IMPERSONATE, AsyncClient, new_client, get_loop
 from .raise_for_httperror import raise_for_httperror
 
-
 logger = logger.getChild('network')
 DEFAULT_NAME = '__DEFAULT__'
 NETWORKS: dict[str, "Network"] = {}

searx/plugins/__init__.py

@@ -94,7 +94,6 @@ Implementation
    :members:
 """
 
-
 __all__ = ["PluginInfo", "Plugin", "PluginStorage", "PluginCfg"]
 
 

searx/plugins/tor_check.py

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ user searches for ``tor-check``.  It fetches the tor exit node list from
 :py:obj:`url_exit_list` and parses all the IPs into a list, then checks if the
 user's IP address is in it.
 """
+
 from ipaddress import ip_address
 import typing
 

searx/plugins/unit_converter.py

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ converters, each converter is one item in the list (compare
 of measurement are evaluated.  The weighting in the evaluation results from the
 sorting of the :py:obj:`list of unit converters<symbol_to_si>`.
 """
+
 import typing
 import re
 import babel.numbers

searx/result_types/__init__.py

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
    gradually.  For more, please read :ref:`result types`.
 
 """
+
 # pylint: disable=too-few-public-methods
 
 

searx/result_types/answer.py

@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ template.
    :members:
    :show-inheritance:
 """
+
 # pylint: disable=too-few-public-methods
 
 

searx/result_types/code.py

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ template.  For highlighting the code passages, Pygments_ is used.
    :show-inheritance:
 
 """
+
 # pylint: disable=too-few-public-methods, disable=invalid-name
 
 __all__ = ["Code"]
@@ -26,7 +27,6 @@ from pygments.formatters import HtmlFormatter  # pylint: disable=no-name-in-modu
 
 from ._base import MainResult
 
-
 _pygments_languages: list[str] = []
 
 

searx/result_types/file.py

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ template.
    :show-inheritance:
 
 """
+
 # pylint: disable=too-few-public-methods
 
 

searx/result_types/image.py

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ template.
    :members:
 
 """
+
 # pylint: disable=too-few-public-methods
 __all__ = ["Image", "ImageRef"]
 

searx/result_types/keyvalue.py

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ template.
    :show-inheritance:
 
 """
+
 # pylint: disable=too-few-public-methods