diff --git a/searx/engines/google.py b/searx/engines/google.py
index ee31c3835..ee2fbaf36 100644
--- a/searx/engines/google.py
+++ b/searx/engines/google.py
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ from searx.utils import (
     eval_xpath_getindex,
     eval_xpath_list,
     extract_text,
-    gen_gsa_useragent,
+    # gen_gsa_useragent,
 )
 
 if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ def get_google_info(params: "OnlineParams", eng_traits: EngineTraits) -> dict[st
     #   https://developers.google.com/custom-search/docs/xml_results_appendices#interfaceLanguages
 
     # https://github.com/searxng/searxng/issues/2515#issuecomment-1607150817
-    ret_val["params"]["hl"] = f"{lang_code}-{country}"
+    ret_val["params"]["hl"] = f"{lang_code}"
 
     # lr parameter:
     #   The lr (language restrict) parameter restricts search results to
@@ -268,7 +268,11 @@ def get_google_info(params: "OnlineParams", eng_traits: EngineTraits) -> dict[st
     # HTTP headers
 
     ret_val["headers"]["Accept"] = "*/*"
-    ret_val["headers"]["User-Agent"] = gen_gsa_useragent()
+    # GSA for iPhone useragent had been added in
+    # - https://github.com/searxng/searxng/pull/5644
+    # but doe no longer work
+    # - https://github.com/searxng/searxng/issues/6359
+    # ret_val["headers"]["User-Agent"] = gen_gsa_useragent()
 
     # Cookies
 
diff --git a/searx/engines/google_cse.py b/searx/engines/google_cse.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a0261e324
--- /dev/null
+++ b/searx/engines/google_cse.py
@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
+"""Google Custom Search Engine"""
+
+import datetime
+import typing as t
+from json import loads
+from urllib.parse import urlencode
+
+from searx.enginelib import EngineCache
+from searx.exceptions import SearxEngineAPIException, SearxEngineTooManyRequestsException
+from searx.network import get
+from searx.result_types import EngineResults
+
+from searx.engines.google import fetch_traits  # pylint: disable=unused-import
+from searx.engines.google import filter_mapping, get_google_info
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from searx.extended_types import SXNG_Response
+    from searx.search.processors import OnlineParams
+
+about = {
+    "website": "https://www.google.com",
+    "wikidata_id": "Q2233943",
+    "official_api_documentation": "https://developers.google.com/custom-search/docs/element",
+    "use_official_api": False,
+    "require_api_key": False,
+    "results": "JSONP",
+    "description": "Platform for creating custom search engines based on Google Search.",
+}
+
+categories = ["general", "web"]
+paging = True
+max_page = 5
+page_size = 20
+time_range_support = True
+language_support = True
+safesearch = True
+
+CX = "partner-pub-8993703457585266:4862972284"  # blackle.com
+
+CACHE: EngineCache
+
+
+def setup(engine_settings: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool:
+    global CACHE  # pylint: disable=global-statement
+    CACHE = EngineCache(engine_settings["name"])
+    return True
+
+
+def _cse_token() -> dict[str, str]:
+    token: dict[str, str] = CACHE.get(CX)
+    if token:
+        return token
+
+    resp = get(f"https://www.google.com/cse/cse.js?cx={CX}", timeout=10)
+    if not resp.ok:
+        raise SearxEngineAPIException("failed to obtain cse token")
+
+    end = resp.text.rfind("});")
+    start = resp.text.rfind("({")
+    opts: dict[str, str] = loads(resp.text[start + 1 : end + 1])
+
+    cse_tok = opts.get("cse_token")
+    if not cse_tok:
+        raise SearxEngineAPIException("failed to obtain cse token")
+
+    exp = opts.get("exp")
+    token = {
+        "cse_tok": cse_tok,
+        "cselibv": opts.get("cselibVersion", ""),
+        "exp": ",".join(exp) if exp else "",
+    }
+    CACHE.set(CX, token, expire=3600)
+    return token
+
+
+def _get_start_and_end_date_str(time_range: str) -> tuple[str, str]:
+    time_range_map = {"day": 1, "week": 7, "month": 30, "year": 365}
+
+    end_date = datetime.datetime.now()
+    start_date = end_date - datetime.timedelta(days=time_range_map[time_range])
+
+    return start_date.strftime("%Y%m%d"), end_date.strftime("%Y%m%d")
+
+
+def request(query: str, params: "OnlineParams") -> None:
+    token = _cse_token()
+
+    google_info = get_google_info(params, traits)
+    info: dict[str, str] = google_info["params"]
+
+    hl = info["hl"]
+    if params.get("searxng_locale", "all") == "all" or "ZZ" in hl:
+        hl = "en"
+
+    args = {
+        "rsz": "filtered_cse",
+        "num": str(page_size),
+        "hl": hl,
+        "cselibv": token["cselibv"],
+        "cx": CX,
+        "q": query,
+        "safe": filter_mapping[params["safesearch"]],
+        "cse_tok": token["cse_tok"],
+        "callback": "_",
+        "rurl": "",
+    }
+    if params["time_range"]:
+        start_date, end_date = _get_start_and_end_date_str(params["time_range"])
+        args["sort"] = f"date:r:{start_date}:{end_date}"
+
+    if info.get("lr"):
+        args["lr"] = info["lr"]
+    if info.get("cr"):
+        args["cr"] = info["cr"]
+    if google_info["country"] not in (None, "ZZ"):
+        args["gl"] = google_info["country"]
+    if token["exp"]:
+        args["exp"] = token["exp"]
+
+    start = (params["pageno"] - 1) * page_size
+    if start:
+        args["start"] = str(start)
+
+    params["url"] = "https://cse.google.com/cse/element/v1?" + urlencode(args)
+    params["cookies"] = google_info["cookies"]
+    params["headers"].update(google_info["headers"])
+    params["headers"]["Referer"] = "https://cse.google.com/"
+
+
+def response(resp: "SXNG_Response") -> EngineResults:
+    json_resp = resp.text[resp.text.find("{") : resp.text.rfind("}") + 1]
+    data = loads(json_resp)
+
+    # not the real types, but a sufficient approximation
+    item: dict[str, str]
+    error: dict[str, str | int]
+
+    if error := data.get("error"):
+        message = error.get("message", "unknown error")
+        if error.get("code") == 429:
+            raise SearxEngineTooManyRequestsException(message=f"google cse: {message}")
+        raise SearxEngineAPIException(f"google cse: {message}")
+
+    results = EngineResults()
+    for item in data.get("results", []):
+        url = item.get("unescapedUrl")
+        if not url:
+            continue
+        results.add(
+            results.types.MainResult(
+                url=url,
+                title=item.get("titleNoFormatting", ""),
+                content=item.get("contentNoFormatting", ""),
+                thumbnail=item.get("richSnippet", {}).get("cseThumbnail", {}).get("src", ""),  # type: ignore
+            )
+        )
+    return results
diff --git a/searx/settings.yml b/searx/settings.yml
index 6a5a3a3b3..6e3a10c77 100644
--- a/searx/settings.yml
+++ b/searx/settings.yml
@@ -1199,6 +1199,11 @@ engines:
   - name: google
     engine: google
     shortcut: go
+    inactive: true
+
+  - name: google cse
+    engine: google_cse
+    shortcut: goc
 
   - name: google images
     engine: google_images
diff --git a/searxng_extra/update/update_engine_traits.py b/searxng_extra/update/update_engine_traits.py
index e955c29c9..cde1b29ec 100755
--- a/searxng_extra/update/update_engine_traits.py
+++ b/searxng_extra/update/update_engine_traits.py
@@ -131,8 +131,8 @@ def fetch_traits_map() -> EngineTraitsMap:
 def filter_locales(traits_map: EngineTraitsMap) -> set[str]:
     """Filter language & region tags by a threshold."""
 
-    min_eng_per_region = 18
-    min_eng_per_lang = 23
+    min_eng_per_region = 19
+    min_eng_per_lang = 24
 
     _: dict[str, int] = {}
     for eng in traits_map.values():